纳米晶复合Nd9.5Fe76Co5Zr3-xNbxB6.5（x=0～3.0）粘结磁体的磁性能和温度系数的研究

采用熔体快淬法及真空退火工艺制备了Nd9.5Fe76Co5Zr3-xNbxB6.5(x=0～3.0)粘结磁体,研究了其磁性能及温度系数。结果表明,随着Nb含量的增加,合金剩磁逐渐提高,磁能积和矫顽力呈现先增大后减小的趋势。Zr元素与Nb元素复合添加,能够有效地改善矫顽力温度系数β。经最佳条件退火处理后制备的Nd9.5Fe76Co5Zr1.5Nb1.5B6.5的粘结磁体,具有最优的综合磁性能:Br=0.717T,Hcj=773kA/m,(BH)max=82kJ/m3,α20～150℃=-0.111%/℃,β20～150℃=-0.356%/℃。     

脉冲磁场退火对纳米晶复合Nd8.5Fe77Co5Zr2.7Ga0.6B6.2永磁合金磁性能的影响

对快淬Nd8.5Fe77Co5Zr2.7Ga0.6B6.2合金,采用脉冲磁场下热处理的方法制备纳米晶复合永磁材料,研究脉冲磁退火对合金的晶化过程、相组成、交换耦合作用以及磁性能的影响,结果表明,同常规退火相比,脉冲磁退火降低了合金的最佳退火温度,改善了合金的微结构,从而增强了软、硬磁性晶粒间的交换耦合作用,明显提高了合金的磁性能,经670℃脉冲磁退火后合金具有最佳的磁性能,即iHc=586kA/m,Jr=1.01T,(BH)max=138kJ/m3,最大磁能积比常规退火工艺条件下提高了15%。     

纳米晶双相Nd3.6Pr5.4Fe83-xGaxCo3B5合金磁性能的研究

用熔体快淬法制备Nd3.6Pr5.4Fe83-xGaxCo3B5(%(原子分数),x=0～1.0)纳米晶双相永磁材料,研究其磁性能的变化.结果表明适量的添加Ga(x=0.25)可以细化晶粒,使快淬薄带中的Nd2Fe14B硬磁相和α-Fe软磁相发生较充分的交换耦合作用,获得较优异的磁性能,Ga含量过多或过少的快淬薄带的磁滞回线出现缩颈现象,低温退火使得该现象得以改善.     

纳米晶复合Nd8.5Fe76.6-xGaxCo5Zr2.7B6.2(x=0～0.5) 粘结磁体磁性能的研究

采用快淬和晶化退火法制备了成分为Nd8.5Fe76.6-xGaxCo5Zr2.7B6.2(x=0～0.5)的纳米晶复合永磁粘结磁体,研究了其磁性能的变化.结果表明,适量Ga元素的添加能有效提高磁体退磁曲线的方形度,进而提高磁体的最大磁能积.Ga含量0.2%(原子分数),快淬速度为16.0m/s的合金经670℃/4min的晶化处理后,制得的粘结磁体具有较佳的磁性能:Br=0.745T,jHc=730.1kA/m,(BH)max=80.1kJ/m3.适量的Ga元素的添加可以提高磁体的温度稳定性.Ga含量为0.2%(原子分数)的合金具有较好的温度系数,在25～150℃温度区间内剩磁温度系数α=-0.091%/℃,内禀矫顽力温度系数β=-0.353%/℃.     

纳米晶复合Pr2Fe14B/α-Fe合金薄带的磁性

研究了双相纳米晶复合Ｐｒ２Ｆｅ１４Ｂ／α－Ｆｅ永磁合金薄带的剩磁增强效应与α－Ｆｅ体积分类、合金晶粒平均尺寸ｄ、辊速υ以及薄带厚度之间的关系，讨论了起始磁化过程，Ｈｃｉ与Ｈｅｘｔ关系以及形核场与交换耦合钉扎场的物理模型和磁硬化机理。     

Fe78Co2Zr8Nb2B10-xGex（x=1,2,3）合金的晶化过程和磁性能研究

采用单辊快淬法制备Fe78Co2Zr8Nb2B10-xGex(x=1,2,3)系非晶合金,在不同热处理条件下对两种合金进行热处理。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)等测试手段对合金的微观结构和磁性能进行研究。研究结果表明,3种合金的晶化过程相似:非晶→非晶+α-Fe(Co)→α-Fe(Co)+Fe3Zr+Fe2B。3种合金的比饱和磁化强度(Ms)大体上随退火温度的升高而增大;3种合金的矫顽力(Hc)随退火温度的升高均呈现先增加、后降低、再增加的复杂变化趋势。     

α-Fe/Nd2Fe14B复合纳米晶合金的X射线定量相分析

采用联立方程组确立了α-Fe/Nd2Fe14B复合纳米晶合金中相含量的计算方法.该方法运用最小二乘回归法和抛弃平均法消除病态方程组.将其应用于α-Fe/Nd2Fe14B复合纳米晶合金的相含量计算,所得结果与直接对比法一致.     

Nd2Fe14B/(α-Fe,Fe3B)复合纳米晶的生长动力学研究

采用X射线衍射分析(XRD)研究了Fe-Co-Nd-Dy-B非晶合金晶化过程中α-Fe、Fe3B纳米晶的生长动力学.根据纳米晶生长达到稳定状态所需的时间常数tE与退火温度Ta的关系,计算了α-Fe和Fe3B纳米晶的生长激活能为Egα-Fe=95±2 kJ/mol和E Fe3B=133±13 kJ/mol.该值远小于α-Fe和Fe3B两相的表观晶化激活能Ecα-Fe=555 kJ/mol和EcFe3B=481 kJ/mol.这表明Fe-Co-Nd-Dy-B非晶合金晶化过程中α-Fe和Fe3B纳米晶的形成主要由成核所控制.     

机械球磨制备纳米双相Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe永磁材料及晶化行为研究

机械球磨氲气保护下的铸态Nd8Fe86B6合金,并进行晶化处理,制备了纳米双相Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe永磁材料.用XRD、TEM和DSC等手段研究了不同球磨工艺和晶化处理工艺对纳米双相Nd8Fe86B6材料组织结构影响.同时研究了非晶态Nd8Fe86B6材料的晶化行为.结果表明延长球磨时间,Nd2Fe14B相迅速细化形成非晶,α-Fe的晶粒尺寸逐渐减小,25h后趋于定值(约为7nm).球磨时间越长,所需完全晶化的温度越高,晶化后粉末的晶粒越小且越均匀.在晶化过程中,非晶态Nd8Fe86B6首先形成Nd4 4Fe77.8B17.8、Nd1.1Fe4B4、Nd2Fe14B和α-Fe四相混合物.升高温度,最后得到Nd2Fe14B相和α-Fe相,但最终产物中仍有少量未分解的Nd1.1Fe4B4相.     

晶化热处理条件对Nd2(FeCo)14B/α-Fe纳米复合材料磁性能的影响

用熔体快淬和晶化处理的方法制备了Nd2(FeCo)14B／α-Fe纳米复合材料。研究了晶化热处理温度和时间对材料磁性能的影响。结果表明Nd2Fe35.5Co2B4.5纳米复合材料的磁性能随热处理条件而变化．较高温度短时间比较低温度长时间热处理样品的磁性能稍好一些，并对其机理进行了研究。     

快淬Nd9Fe85-x MnxB6(x=0、0.5、1)磁性能研究

应用DTA，XRD，Moessbauer谱和VSM对快淬Nd9Fe85-xMnxB6(x=0、0.5、1）纳米复合材料磁性能进行了研究，发现少量Mn的掺杂能够显著促进快淬样品的晶化并提高快淬样品的永磁性能，在合适的热处理条件下，得到的最佳矫顽力和剩磁化分别从339．5kA/m和0．70提高到398．1kA/m和0．72，最大磁能积（BH）max从83．6kJ/m^3提高到87．5kj/m^3，而剩磁没有明显的下降，TMA显示Mn掺杂降低Nd2Fe14B相的居里温度并提高α-Fe相的居里温度，认为永磁性能的提高是由于Mn进入两相的晶格。     

Co47.6Fe20.4B21.9Si5.1Nb5-xZrx(x=0~5)合金的非晶形成能力和磁性能

采用铜模吸铸法制备了直径d为2~5mm的Co_(47.6)Fe_(20.4)B_(21.9)Si_(5.1)Nb_(5-x)Zr_x(x=0~5)合金。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)和显微硬度计分析合金的非晶形成能力(GFA)、磁性能及显微硬度。结果表明:该合金体系具有较好的GFA,随着Zr含量的增加,其GFA呈逐渐降低的趋势。Zr含量为0~2%(原子分数)时,能制得d为3mm的非晶合金;Zr含量为0~3%(原子分数)时,可制得d为2mm的非晶合金。直径2mm的棒状非晶合金(Zr含量为0~3%(原子分数))表现为明显的软磁性,饱和磁化强度Ms趋于一定值。该体系非晶合金均具有很高的显微硬度,Zr含量为3%(原子分数)时达到1420HV。     

Irreversible enthalpy relaxation of amorphous (Fe1−x Ni x )83P17(x=0–1) alloys

This paper deals with the changes in exothermic enthalpy relaxation behaviour and Curie temperature of amorphous Fe₃₃Ni₅₀P₁₇ alloy upon annealing, and the compositional effect (i.e. the change with Fe/Ni ratio) on the magnitude of exothermic reactions during continuous heating of (Fe_1–x Ni _x )₈₃P₁₇ (x=0–1) alloys, in order to clarify the thermal relaxation behaviour with irreversibility of metal-metalloid type amorphous alloys. For Fe₃₃Ni₅₀P₁₇ alloy, the exothermic reaction showed two distinctive peaks at about 480 and 580 K and the low-temperature peak had a very strong correlation with the change in Curie temperature. Furthermore it was observed that for (Fe_1–x Ni _x )₈₃P₁₇ alloys the magnitude of the low-temperature peak was nearly proportional to the number of Fe-Ni atom pairs. However, the high-temperature one was almost independent of the changes in Curie temperature and the ratio of Fe to Ni. These results suggest that the exothermic enthalpy relaxation peak at temperatures far below T _g (or T _x) originates from the local rearrangement of metal-metal interactions of different species, while the high-temperature peak is due to the rearrangement of metal-metalloid bonding. This separation into two stages is interpreted as due to the difference of bonding forces between metal-metal and metal-metalloid pairs in amorphous Fe-Ni-P alloys.     

The behavior of magnetic and nonmagnetic impurities in the system Nb76Pt24−x Fe x

We find that Fe is magnetic when introduced as an impurity in the A-15 super-conductor Nb ₇₆ Pt ₂₄ . The ternary diagram of the system Nb-Pt-Fe is presented. The Fe impurities show a magnetic behavior when they are on the linear chains (Nb sites) and a nonmagnetic behavior when they are on the cubic sites (Pt sites). Supposing that the Fe atoms have a pair-breaking effect as well as a nonmagnetic effect on the superconducting state and determining the latter by adding nonmagnetic impurities (Ru), we are able to fit the measured critical field as a function of temperature to the WHH theory generalized to include magnetic impurities. The analysis shows that the exchange interactionJ between conduction electrons and the Fe atoms is negative. A Jaccarino-Peter compensation effect takes place at about 2 at % Fe. The inverse Fe susceptibility curves are fitted using a model of short-range interactions between impurities.     

Electronic structure and magnetic properties of the Ni0.2Cd0.3Fe(2.5-x)A1(x)O4 (0 < or = x < or = 0.4) ferrite nanoparticles

The structural, magnetic, and electronic structural properties of Ni0.2Cd0.3Fe(2.5-x)Al(x)O4 ferrite nanoparticles were studied via X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), DC magnetization, and near-edge X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS) measurements. Nanoparticles of Ni0.2Cd0.3Fe(2.5x)Al(x)O4 (0 < or = x < or = 0.4) ferrite were synthesized using the sol-gel method. The XRD and TEM measurements showed that all the samples had a single-phase nature with a cubic structure, and had nanocrystalline behavior. From the XRD and TEM analysis, it was found that the particle size increases with Al doping. The DC magnetization measurements revealed that the blocking temperature increases with increased Al doping. It was observed that the magnetic moment decreases with Al doping, which may be due to the dilution of the sublattice by the doping of the Al ions. The NEXAFS measurements performed at room temperature indicated that Fe exists in a mixed-valence state.     

熔体快淬对纳米晶和非晶Mg20Ni10-xCox(x≈0～4)合金电化学贮氢性能的影响

为了改善Mg2Ni型合金的电化学贮氢性能,用Co部分替代合金中的Ni.用快淬工艺制备了纳米晶和非晶Mg20Ni10-xCox(x=0、1、2、3、4)贮氢合金,分析了铸态及快淬态合金的微观结构,测试了合金的电化学贮氢性能.研究了Co替代Ni及快淬工艺对合金电化学贮氢性能的影响.结果表明,Co替代Ni不改变合金的Mg2Ni主相,但形成了第二相MgCo2.在快淬(x=0)合金中没有发现非晶相,但快淬(x=4)合金显示了纳米晶、非晶结构,表明Co替代Ni提高了Mg2Ni型舍金的非晶形成能力.熔体快淬显著的改善了合金的电化学贮氢性能,合金放电容量和电化学循环稳定性均随淬速的增加而增加.     

纳米晶复合Nd9.5Fe81-xCoxZr3B6.5永磁材料磁性能的研究

采用熔体快淬及晶化退火工艺制备了Nd9.5Fe81-xCoxZr3B6.5(x=0、2、5、8、10)纳米晶合金条带,研究了Co的添加对快淬合金磁性能和居里温度的影响.结果表明,适量Co元素的添加能够有效降低各相晶粒的尺寸,增强了软、硬磁相晶粒的交换耦合作用,从而提高了合金的磁性能.Co含量为5%(原子分数)的合金,经670℃/4min的晶化处理后所得到的最佳磁性能为`Br=0.90T,jHc=588kA/m,(BH)max=117kJ/m3.     

铸态和快淬态Mg20-xLaxNi10(x=0～6)合金的结构及贮氢性能

用铸造及快淬工艺制备了Mg2Ni型Mg20-xLaxNi10(x=0、2、4、6)贮氢合金。用XRD、SEM、HR-TEM分析了铸态及快淬态合金的微观结构,结果发现,在快淬无La合金中没有出现非晶相,但快淬含La合金显示了以非晶相为主的结构。用DSC研究了快淬合金的热稳定性,表明La含量及快淬对非晶相的晶化温度影响很小。应用Sieverts装置研究了铸态及快淬态合金的吸放氢动力学,发现铸态合金的吸放氢量及动力学随La含量的增加显著改善,且快淬显著地改善了(x=2)合金的吸放氢动力学。电化学测试的结果表明,铸态合金的放电容量随La含量的增加而增加,(x=2)合金的放电容量随淬速的增加而增加。La替代Mg显著地提高了铸态及快淬态合金的循环稳定性。     

Structure and microwave dielectric properties of Ba3Ti4−x (Fe1/2Nb1/2) x Nb4O21 solid solutions

Ba₃Ti_4−x (Fe_1/2Nb_1/2) _x Nb₄O₂₁ (0 ≤ x ≤ 4) ceramics with the substitution of (Fe_1/2Nb_1/2) for Ti were investigated. The modified Ba₃Ti₄Nb₄O₂₁ dielectric ceramics prepared via the solid state reaction route exhibited single hexagonal structure. The dielectric constant and the quality factor of Ba₃Ti_4−x (Fe_1/2Nb_1/2) _x Nb₄O₂₁ (0 ≤ x ≤ 4) ceramics decreased with an increase of x. Improved temperature coefficient of the resonant frequency of samples was obtained by the substitution of (Fe_1/2Nb_1/2) for Ti. Optimal microwave dielectric properties of ε _r = 50, Q × f = 5200 GHz, and τ _f = 10 ppm/°C in Ba₃Ti₂(Fe_1/2Nb_1/2)₂Nb₄O₂₁ were obtained, which indicated its potential for microwave application.     

Structures and magnetic properties of Fe(n)B (n =1-12) clusters

The configurations, electronic structures and magnetic properties of Fe(n)B (n = 1-12) clusters have been calculated within the framework of all-electron density functional theory. The calculated results indicate that the B atom prefers a surface site for all the lowest-energy structures of Fe(n)B with n = 1-9 and 11, while for Fe10B and Fe12B, the B atom is found to occupy a center site forming a B-centered Fe(n) cage. Furthermore, relatively large HOMO-LUMO gaps are found for Fe6B and Fe7B, indicating the chemical inertness of the two isomers. For Fe4B, and Fe12B, the spin magnetic moments of the Fe atom significantly increase, but the spin moments decrease slightly for all the other Fe(n)B clusters.