基于S3C2440的无线传感器网络汇聚节点设计

分析了无线传感器网络中汇聚节点的特点和功能,结合S3C2440处理器特点和Linux强大的任务管理与网络通信能力,提出了一种基于嵌入式Linux的无线传感器网络汇聚节点的设计方案。该汇聚节点适用于基于IEEE 802.15.4标准的ZigBee通信协议的无线传感器网络,通过多种网络通信接口与管理节点通信,并且具备网络状态监测和自动切换功能,很好的满足了汇聚节点的功能要求。     

基于OPNET的无线传感器网络节点跨层设计

无线传感器网络是一类由大量位置相对固定的节点所组成的无线通信网络,其节点能量、计算和通信能力都非常有限,因此,传统网络的层次设计和网络协议都难以应用到无线传感器网络中。为解决这些问题,该文在传统网络层次设计思想的基础上,提出了适用于无线传感器网络节点的跨层网络模型,基于OPNET网络仿真工具实现了节点的跨层网络模型设计,在此基础上实现了无线传感器网络中路由选择和数据汇聚等典型应用的仿真。结果表明,新的跨层网络模型能够很好地描述节点各个层次的功能,便于网络协议的综合设计和集中优化。     

多通信方式的WSN汇聚节点的设计与实现

针对无线传感器网络汇聚节点通信方式单一的问题,设计实现基于PXA270处理器的、具有以太网、CF无线局域网及GPRS网络等多种通信方式的无线传感器网络汇聚节点,完成汇聚节点硬件平台引导加载程序的移植,构建无线传感器网络实验与研究平台。实际应用证明,多通信方式的汇聚节点具有较高的实用性。     

基于WSN的汽车尾气监测系统汇聚节点硬件设计

汽车尾气是环境污染的重要来源之一,描述了一种使用无线传感器网络对汽车尾气实时在线监测的方法.为实现系统中汇聚节点需要处理大量数据,通信方式多样的功能,提出了一种以ARM7处理器作为汇聚节点控制器的硬件设计方案.分析了基于无线传感器网络的汽车尾气监测系统汇聚节点的设计需求,进而介绍了其系统构成,最后详细说明了汇聚节点的硬件设计与实现.     

水利工程监测视频传感器节点的设计与实现

视频监视系统可以为水利监管部门提供水利工程及相关区域的实时视频数据,以辅助抗洪防汛和水资源调配作决策。基于Zigbee无线通信技术的优点,提出了一种适合水利工程的基于Zigbee的视频传感器网络构架,在此基础上设计并实现了基于Zigbee通信协议的视频传感器节点和基于CDMA通信方式的汇聚节点。视频传感器节点通过CMOS摄像头采集环境事件的视频信息,然后利用无线Zigbee多跳方式将视频数据传输到汇聚节点,汇聚节点通过CDMA移动通信与控制台或监控手机通信。最后使用网络性能测试软件Chariot测试了双通道上行速率,结果表明此速率能够满足低帧率视频数据的准实时传输。     

事件驱动型传感器网络地址分配算法研究

无线传感器网络中的地址分配是应用的前提,但目前研究相对较少。分析现有的无线传感器网络地址分配协议,提出了一种基于最小跳数的按需分配的地址分配算法,在网络初始阶段构建最小跳数,当节点监测到事件根据最小跳数建立与Sink节点的通信,获取事件节点的通信地址。理论分析及仿真结果表明,该算法降低了协议自身的通信开销,满足了无线传感器网络中通信节点资源极其稀少和低功耗的需要。     

一种基于模糊逻辑的自适应信标交换算法

针对移动无线传感器网络中贪婪地理路由协议采用固定信标周期导致通信暂盲的问题,提出了一种基于模糊逻辑的自适应信标交换算法。该算法以节点移动速度、节点剩余能量和邻居节点的数量作为评价因素,利用模糊逻辑控制机制确定自适应的信标周期,提高了邻居表构建与维护的准确性与实时性,为贪婪地理转发提供了可靠依据。仿真结果表明：该算法有效减少了通信暂盲现象,降低了控制开销和平均端到端时延,提高了分组交付率,适用于对传输可靠性要求高的大规模移动无线传感器网络。     

Multi-Radio Multi-Channel无线传感器网络中信道分配和路由策略

针对无线传感器网络中传输时延长、传输冲突大和吞吐量低等问题,提出了一种在Multi-Radio Multi-Channel无线传感器网络中信道分配和路由策略.该策略动态地建立k元n立方体拓扑结构,使用优化的静态信道分配算法提高节点的吞吐量,使用维序寻径的路由算法减少传输冲突.该方法适用于网络节点稠密、节点相互之间通信冲突大的情况,并且在单跳和多跳的网络环境下均适用.实验结果表明,基于k元n立方体这一拓扑结构的信道分配和路由策略与传统方法相比,有效地减少了端到端时延,降低了网络冲突,减少了节点能量消耗,延长了网络寿命,提高了网络吞吐量.     

无线传感器网络信息时空融合模型与算法研究

信息融合是解决无线传感器网络能量和通信带宽受限的有效途径,提出了一种无线传感器网络信息时间和空间多级混合融合的结构模型。首先对距离汇聚节点较远的节点信息进行时间融合和对距离汇聚节点较近的节点信息在汇聚节点进行时空融合,然后在汇聚节点对两种节点的融合结果进行全网络的空间融合。就该模型提出了基于DS证据理论的多级时空融合算法。数据分析结果表明:该模型能够降低节点能耗,延长网络寿命。     

一种基于语义的无线传感器网络路由算法

在无线传感器网络中,为了监测多个事件,监测区域可能需要布置多种不同类别的传感器节点以监测不同的事件属性,通过对每个传感器节点感知属性信息的融合处理,来判别事件是否发生。如何快速地将生成的事件路由到sink节点是个重要的研究课题。文中将传统的路由算法与分布式事件存储和语义思想相结合,提出了一种基于语义的无线传感器网络路由算法。在该算法中,一个传感器节点只需要关心自己通信范围内的邻居节点,不需要知道整个网络的状况,算法具有冗余数据少,节能性好,网络生存周期比较理想,实现简单等特点。该算法也可以为无线传感器网络的时空查询算法的研究提供一定基础。     

Energy efficient and QoS based routing protocol for wireless sensor networks

The increasing demand for real-time applications in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) has made the Quality of Service (QoS) based communication protocols an interesting and hot research topic. Satisfying Quality of Service (QoS) requirements (e.g. bandwidth and delay constraints) for the different QoS based applications of WSNs raises significant challenges. More precisely, the networking protocols need to cope up with energy constraints, while providing precise QoS guarantee. Therefore, enabling QoS applications in sensor networks requires energy and QoS awareness in different layers of the protocol stack. In many of these applications (such as multimedia applications, or real-time and mission critical applications), the network traffic is mixed of delay sensitive and delay tolerant traffic. Hence, QoS routing becomes an important issue. In this paper, we propose an Energy Efficient and QoS aware multipath routing protocol (abbreviated shortly as EQSR) that maximizes the network lifetime through balancing energy consumption across multiple nodes, uses the concept of service differentiation to allow delay sensitive traffic to reach the sink node within an acceptable delay, reduces the end to end delay through spreading out the traffic across multiple paths, and increases the throughput through introducing data redundancy. EQSR uses the residual energy, node available buffer size, and Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) to predict the best next hop through the paths construction phase. Based on the concept of service differentiation, EQSR protocol employs a queuing model to handle both real-time and non-real-time traffic.     

无线传感器网络基于模糊信息的QoS路由发现方法

有效使用片上受限资源以保持最长的生命周期是无线传感器网络的核心问题.无线传感器网络不断增长的多媒体应用引发人们研究如何满足具体应用的服务质量约束.能量因素与QoS各参数的相互影响构成了一个NP完全问题.本文引入模糊数学理论中的区间数概念抽象现实网络提供的信息,利用排队论方法将多业务多类型QoS多参数的约束和目标简化,从而得到了一种满足多类型业务多参数QoS要求的路由算法.仿真实验结果表明,在满足多类型业务多参数QoS要求的前提下,本文算法能很好支持多种业务的资源需求分配,可达到全网最优能耗均衡,延长网络寿命.     

Decision-aware data suppression in wireless sensor networks for target tracking applications

Target tracking applications of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) may provide a high performance only when a reliable collection of target positions from sensor nodes is ensured. The performance of target tracking in WSNs is affected by transmission delay, failure probability, and nodes energy depletion. These negative factors can be effectively mitigated by decreasing the amount of transmitted data. Thus, the minimization of data transfers from sensor nodes is an important research issue for the development of WSN-based target tracking applications. In this paper, a data suppression approach is proposed for target chasing in WSNs. The aim of the considered target chasing task is to catch a moving target by a mobile sink in the shortest time. According to the introduced approach, a sensor node sends actual target position to the mobile sink only if this information is expected to be useful for minimizing the time in which target will be caught by the sink. The presented method allows sensor nodes to evaluate the usefulness of sensor readings and select those readings that have to be reported to the sink. Experiments were performed in a simulation environment to compare effectiveness of the proposed approach against state-of-the-art methods. Results of the experiments show that the presented suppression method enables a substantial reduction in the amount of transmitted data with no significant negative effect on target chasing time.     

无线传感器网络QoS路由研究进展*

传统网络中的服务质量(quality of service,QoS)路由协议很难直接有效地应用到无线传感器网络中,因此人们针对无线传感器网络提出了一些新的QoS路由协议。首先探讨了无线传感器网络中QoS路由协议的一些特点,分析了设计QoS路由协议所面临的挑战;然后着重分析了当前提出的一些QoS路由协议的QoS机制、特点以及优缺点,并对这些路由协议进行了分类和比较;最后总结了QoS路由协议未来的研究策略和发展趋势。     

Efficient allocation of resources in multiple heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are useful for a wide range of applications, from different domains. Recently, new features and design trends have emerged in the WSN field, making those networks appealing not only to the scientific community but also to the industry. One such trend is the running different applications on heterogeneous sensor nodes deployed in multiple WSNs in order to better exploit the expensive physical network infrastructure. Another trend deals with the capability of accessing sensor generated data from the Web, fitting WSNs in novel paradigms of Internet of Things (IoT) and Web of Things (WoT). Using well-known and broadly accepted Web standards and protocols enables the interoperation of heterogeneous WSNs and the integration of their data with other Web resources, in order to provide the final user with value-added information and applications. Such emergent scenarios where multiple networks and applications interoperate to meet high level requirements of the user will pose several changes in the design and execution of WSN systems. One of these challenges regards the fact that applications will probably compete for the resources offered by the underlying sensor nodes through the Web. Thus, it is crucial to design mechanisms that effectively and dynamically coordinate the sharing of the available resources to optimize resource utilization while meeting application requirements. However, it is likely that Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of different applications cannot be simultaneously met, while efficiently sharing the scarce networks resources, thus bringing the need of managing an inherent tradeoff. In this paper, we argue that a middleware platform is required to manage heterogeneous WSNs and efficiently share their resources while satisfying user needs in the emergent scenarios of WoT. Such middleware should provide several services to control running application as well as to distribute and coordinate nodes in the execution of submitted sensing tasks in an energy-efficient and QoS-enabled way. As part of the middleware provided services we present the Resource Allocation in Heterogeneous WSNs (SACHSEN) algorithm. SACHSEN is a new resource allocation heuristic for systems composed of heterogeneous WSNs that effectively deals with the tradeoff between possibly conflicting QoS requirements and exploits heterogeneity of multiple WSNs.     

Fuzzy rule-based faulty node classification and management scheme for large scale wireless sensor networks

In a wireless sensor network (WSNs), probability of node failure rises with increase in number of sensor nodes within the network. The, quality of service (QoS) of WSNs is highly affected by the faulty sensor nodes. If faulty sensor nodes can be detected and reused for network operation, QoS of WSNs can be improved and will be sustainable throughout the monitoring period. The faulty nodes in the deployed WSN are crucial to detect due to its improvisational nature and invisibility of internal running status. Furthermore, most of the traditional fault detection methods in WSNs do not consider the uncertainties that are inherited in the WSN environment during the fault diagnosis period. Resulting traditional fault detection methods suffer from low detection accuracy and poor performance. To address these issues, we propose a fuzzy rule-based faulty node classification and management scheme for WSNs that can detect and reuse faulty sensor nodes according to their fault status. In order to overcome uncertainties that are inherited in the WSN environment, a fuzzy logic based method is utilized. Fuzzy interface engine categorizes different nodes according to the chosen membership function and the defuzzifier generates a non-fuzzy control to retrieve the various types of nodes. In addition, we employed a routing scheme that reuses the retrieved faulty nodes during the data routing process. We performed extensive experiments on the proposed scheme using various network scenarios. The experimental results are compared with the existing algorithms to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in terms of various important performance metrics.     

无线传感器网络的网络层服务质量的评价方法研究

提出了一种无线传感器网络的网络层服务质量的量化评价算法。该算法利用测试床对网络原始信息进行高效可靠的获取,通过统计对比测试床信息和汇聚节点信息,实现对丢包率、通信成功率、吞吐量和能量效率等指标的量化评价;根据丢包率和通信成功率建立二维云模型,实现对路由鲁棒性的量化评价。实验结果表明该评价算法可信有效,并且具有较好的易用性和可扩展性。     

无线传感器网络适应QoS机制的网络模型

基于无线传感器网络服务质量(QoS)的特点,提出了一个独立于具体算法的、在点和边上都可加权的有向图网络模型,并用数学定义描述了QoS参数间的关系及服从的函数约束,使用该网络模型分析QoS路由的数学约束集并提出QoS路由选择策略。     

Fault-resilient sensing in wireless sensor networks

Research on wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has received tremendous attention in the past few years due to their potential applications and advances in the VLSI design. In WSNs with tiny sensors, mobility of a sink may provide an energy efficient way for data dissemination. Having a mobile sink in WSN, however, creates new challenges to routing and sensor distribution modeling in the network. In this paper, based on clustering and routing optimization algorithms, we propose a new scheme called K-means and TSP-based mobility (KAT mobility). After clustering the sensor nodes, the proposed method navigates the mobile sink to traverse through the cluster centers according to the trajectory of an optimized route. The mobile sink then collects the data from sensors at the visited clusters. Simulation results have demonstrated that the proposed scheme can provide not only better energy efficiency as compared to those obtained by conventional methods which assume random waypoint for the mobile sink, but also fault-resilience in case of malfunctions of some sensors due to attacks.     

无线传感器网络QoS机制研究

分析了无线传感器网络QoS机制的需求．讨论了实施QoS的难点和可采用的策略，并对现有工作进行了归纳和总结．最后，给出了今后可能的研究方向．