多折回通道型同侧竖缝式鱼道水力特性试验探究

为提高多折回通道型同侧竖缝式鱼道的消能作用、降低竖缝流速,以利于鱼道过鱼,在设计工况下通过模型试验研究其水力特性。试验分析了设计工况下鱼道典型部位的流态、水面线分布以及竖缝表面和底部流速的沿程分布情况,总结了多折回通道型鱼道在不同通道区段竖缝流速的沿程分布规律。结果表明,设计工况下竖缝流速在通道一、三中沿程变化较小,通道二中下降稍快,流速大小均在0.7~0.9m/s的较高水平。针对竖缝流速大于过鱼喜好流速的问题,提出了加糙鱼道边壁的优化设计方案。对比优化前后的流速分布可知,边壁加糙措施有效降低了鱼道竖缝流速大小。试验研究成果可为类似工程提供借鉴。     

异侧竖缝式鱼道水力特性的数值模拟

竖缝式鱼道因其能够适应不同水位变化、消能效果明显、水流流态稳定等特点而逐渐引起水利工程界的重视。通过数值模拟的方法探究了池室长宽比对异侧式竖缝鱼道水力特性的影响，结果表明，池室长宽比的变化对单位体积耗散率影响较小；主流区沿程衰减率先随池室长宽比的增大而增大，后保持不变。池室长宽比越大，池室内最大流速越靠近竖缝处；不同池室长宽比，池室主流流速与池室最大流速(主流流速沿程变化最大值)比值在一定范围内。池室长宽比L/B在1.00～1.13之间，可在鱼道主流区内获得较好的水流流态、较大的回流区及较好的消能效果，有利于研究区内鱼类的洄游。     

老龙口水利枢纽鱼道水力特性研究

为了解老龙口水利枢纽工程的竖缝与堰组合式鱼道的水力特性,采用RNGκ-ε湍流模型和VOF方法对该鱼道的水流结构特性及池室内主流、流速和紊动能进行了分析。结果表明,鱼道内水流结构稳定,竖缝处流速小于设计流速2.0m/s,且主流衰减明显,消能效果良好;同时兼具竖缝式和溢流堰式的特点,适合喜好各种水层的鱼类通过,尤其对喜跳跃鱼类非常有利,能满足过鱼对象的需求。     

同侧竖缝式鱼道水力特性数值模拟

针对竖缝式鱼道水力特性较复杂的特点,采用雷诺应力方程模型对同侧竖缝式鱼道池内的水流进行了二维数值模拟,并将数值模拟结果与物理模型试验结果进行了对比,验证了数值模型的正确性。进而建立了水池长宽比分别为5∶8、10∶8、12∶8三种鱼道模型,分别对底坡为1%、3%、5%三种条件下的鱼道水力特性进行了数值计算,得到了水流型态和竖缝最大流速、流速场、紊动能、雷诺应力等水流物理参数的分布规律。     

双侧竖缝式鱼道水力特性三维数值模拟研究

鉴于双侧竖缝式鱼道消能效果好,能较好地适应水位的变化情况等优点,以新沟河江边枢纽的双侧竖缝式鱼道为例,采用三维紊流数值模拟方法研究了鱼道的正反双向两种运行工况,分析了鱼道的流态、流速及紊动能等水力特性。结果表明,双侧竖缝式鱼道水流流态较为稳定,且呈对称分布,流速和紊动能总体来说较小,基本满足过鱼对象的需求。另外,适当延长短隔板还能很好地减少鱼道竖缝最大断面平均流速,从而实现更好的过鱼效果。     

基于三种湍流模型的竖缝式鱼道水力特性研究

为研究不同湍流模型对竖缝式鱼道数值模拟的适用性和准确度,采用RNGκ-ε模型、大涡模拟(LES)模型及分离涡(DES)模型3种湍流模型对某竖缝式鱼道进行数值模拟,并对比分析了模拟的竖缝式鱼道流态特征、流速及湍动能等水力指标值与实测数据。结果表明,3种模型均可较为准确地解析鱼道池室流态特性,其中DES模型最能反映竖缝式鱼道的流态、流速分布;综合模拟成本后,RNGκ-ε模型在湍动能模拟方面较其他两个瞬时模型具有优势。因此,鱼道数值模拟在不追求较高精度流场特征的要求下,应优先选用RNGκ-ε模型。研究结果可为今后数值模拟在鱼道工程的应用提供参考。     

貊皮岭鱼道池室水流条件模型试验研究

鉴于貊皮岭鱼道为融入技术型鱼道特征的特殊仿自然鱼道,建立了物理模型对貊皮岭鱼道在不同隔墙布置条件下的池室水流条件进行模拟分析,分析了池室的流速分布、流态及沿程水深分布情况。结果表明,设有底孔的竖缝式隔墙布置型式的水流条件较为多样化,存在较为合理的大流速区和小流速区,水流条件最佳;针对进鱼口水流条件在个别工况流速偏小的情况,提出了鱼道进鱼口补水布置方案,能够达到更好的诱鱼效果。     

台阶式溢洪道水流空化特性及空化空蚀位置的确定

为探讨台阶式溢洪道水流空化特性,结合某水库实际工程,采用水工模型试验方法,研究了不同流量条件下台阶式溢洪道的流速、压强分布和空化特性。结果表明,在溢流堰段,水流流速沿程逐渐增大,压强沿程逐渐减小,水流空化数也逐渐减小;在台阶段,流速沿程先逐渐增大,在初始掺气点达到最大值后有所下降,随后逐渐增加并趋于某一常数,压强沿程呈波浪式发展,水流空化数也呈波浪式发展;在消力池内,水流流速先逐渐减小,达到最小值后又逐渐增大,压强先逐渐增大,增大到最大值后逐渐减小,然后减小到最小值,再逐渐增大,水流空化数沿程先逐渐增大,达到最大值后逐渐减小;台阶水平面上的空化数从台阶凹角向凸角逐渐增大,竖直面上的空化数从底部向顶部逐渐减小;同时水流空化数随着流量的增加而减小。     

交错蛮石墙式仿自然鱼道水力学特性研究

根据某工程特点和过鱼要求,提出了三种不同的结构方案,采用标准三维紊流数学模型对比分析了三种方案的水力学特性,并用模型试验对数值模拟结果进行验证。对流场、过鱼适宜性空间和紊动能的分析研究表明,在单级池室中主流流速有先减小再增大的趋势,最大流速出现在长蛮石墙附近;主流两侧的低流速区紊动能范围为0~0.02m~2/s~2,能够形成紊动能较弱的鱼类休息区;同等长宽比时,增加底宽主流最大流速减小0.1~0.2m/s,低流速区面积相对增加5%~8%;同等长宽比和底宽时,鱼道出口的两级池室改为平坡,紊动能减小0.01m~2/s~2。研究结果为交错蛮石墙式仿自然鱼道在实际工程中的应用提供了参考。     

丹尼尔式鱼道内水流紊动特性试验研究

鉴于鱼道内紊流状况是影响鱼类能否顺利通过的重要因素,为提高丹尼尔式鱼道内过鱼效果,通过物理模型试验,分析了鱼道在不同工况下的水力特性,并重点研究了水流的紊动特性。结果表明,池室中的流场具有明显的主流区和回流区;横向u、纵向v、垂向w紊动强度分布形式大致相同,由紊动强度较大的主流区向回流区扩散（由主流区向回流区逐渐减小）;在xy平面上,雷诺应力随离边墙的距离增大而减小;水流通过隔板跌落处紊动能达到最大值,并沿程减小。     

弯道干流与支流交汇口垂线流速分布的试验研究

为了深入了解干支流汇合口水流的运动特性,通过概化模型试验,利用ADV流速仪对顺直型支流与弯曲型干流60°交汇角的汇合口区域进行了垂线流速测量,验证了试验数据的可靠性,分析了弯道干支流汇合口区域垂线流速分布特性。结果表明,随汇流比增大,交汇断面上游纵向流速减小,交汇口各断面径向流速绝对值增大,断面环流方向发生改变;汇流比较大时,交汇断面最大纵向、径向流速点出现于凹岸侧;交汇断面下游附近最大纵向、径向流速偏向弯道中心线;在交汇断面下游附近的凹岸出现水流分离区。     

带提升管内循环流化床的流动特性研究

运行参数和结构尺寸是内循环流化床物料循环流率的重要因素。设计并搭建了内循环流化冷态试验台,通过实验分析了气化室风速、提升管风速、返料孔高度及大小对物料循环流率的影响。实验表明:物料循环流率随气化室风速、提升管风速的增大而增大,但增加幅度变化不同;随返料孔位置的增高而下降,且下降速度加快;随着返料孔面积的增大,先增大然后减小。     

某电厂锅炉主汽温度偏低问题及解决方法探讨

对某电厂SG-420/13.7-W756型锅炉主蒸汽温度偏低问题进行了诊断分析,并提出了解决方案.试验发现,通过调整运行氧量和给粉机投运方式等手段,可以起到提高主蒸汽温度的作用.研究对象锅炉燃用煤种挥发分和水分比设计煤种大,发热量比设计煤种低是导致主蒸汽温度偏低的主要原因.调整燃烧器安装角度或在炉膛敷设卫燃带可简单、有...     

Influence of edge velocity on flame front position and displacement speed in turbulent premixed combustion

Using a novel concept, the present study experimentally investigates underlying physics pertaining to statistics of the flame front position and the flame front velocity in turbulent premixed V-shaped flames. The concept is associated with characteristics of the reactants velocity at the vicinity of the flame front, referred to as the edge velocity. The experiments are performed using simultaneous Mie scattering and Particle Image Velocimetry techniques. Three mean streamwise exit velocities of: 4.0, 6.2, and 8.6 m/s along with three fuel–air equivalence ratios of: 0.7, 0.8, and 0.9 are examined. The results show that fluctuations of the flame front position and the flame front velocity are induced by the fluctuations of the component of the edge velocity transverse to the mean flow direction. Analysis of the results show that the mean of the flame front velocity in the normal direction to the flame front is significantly dependent on the vertical distance from the flame-holder. Relatively close to the flame-holder, the mean of the flame front velocity in the direction normal to the flame front is about zero; however, it increases to values several times larger than the laminar flame speed by increasing the vertical distance from the flame-holder.     

沿海滩涂风力机近尾流风速分布特性研究

为获得风力机近尾流风速在垂直方向和水平方向的变化规律,提出一种测量风力机近尾流区风速的实测方法。针对某沿海滩涂风电场,采用2台搭载风速仪的无人机对近尾流区进行测量。结果表明：垂直方向,尾流和来流风速比值在1.0D~2.5D处（D为风轮直径）随着高度的增加呈先减小后增大的趋势,在轮毂中轴线处存在最小值0.53~0.68;风速比值沿轮毂中轴线呈非对称分布。0.5D处风速比值分别在上下风轮处存在2个极小值0.56和0.50。水平方向,风速比值在1.0D~3.0D处沿径向距离从左向右呈先减小后增大的趋势,在轮毂中轴线处存在最小值（0.54~0.78）;风速比值沿轮毂中轴线呈对称分布,随着风轮下游距离的增加呈扩张趋势。最后给出用于A类风场风力机下游尾流风速剖面的预测公式。     

应用激光多普勒测速仪研究湍流有旋自由射流

用激光多普勒测速仪对旋流器产生的强湍流有自由射流的速度场和湍流场进行了实验研究。实验结果表明,这种旋流器十分有利于中心回流区的形成,射流的平均速度分布沿轴向快速地衰减,有旋自由射流呈现湍流各向异性,特别是在回流区域中,本文对流场中湍流动量传递的方向进行了讨论。     

Wind tunnel investigation on the effect of the turbine tower on wind turbines wake symmetry

In wind farms, the wake of the upstream turbines becomes the inflow for the downstream machines. Ideally, the turbine wake is a stable vortex system. In reality, because of factors like background turbulence, mean flow shear, and tower‐wake interaction, the wake velocity deficit is not symmetric and is displaced away from its mean position. The irregular velocity profile leads to a decreased efficiency and increased blade stress levels for the downstream turbines. The object of this work is the experimental investigation of the effect of the wind turbine tower on the symmetry and displacement of the wake velocity deficit induced by one and two in‐line model wind turbines (,D= 0.9 m). The results of the experiments, performed in the closed‐loop wind tunnel of the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim (Norway), showed that the wake of the single turbine expanded more in the horizontal direction (side‐wall normal) than in the vertical (floor normal) direction and that the center of the wake vortex had a tendency to move toward the wind tunnel floor as it was advected downstream from the rotor. The wake of the turbine tandem showed a similar behavior, with a larger degree of non‐symmetry. The analysis of the cross‐stream velocity profiles revealed that the non‐symmetries were caused by a different cross‐stream momentum transport in the top‐tip and bottom‐tip region, induced by the turbine tower wake. In fact, when a second additional turbine tower, mirroring the original one, was installed above the turbine nacelle, the wake recovered its symmetric structure. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

大流速、高弗劳德数弯道水流流态控制研究

为研究大流速、高弗劳德数条件下弯道水流的水力特性,以某水利工程为例,提出采用"前置掺气坎+渠底局部超高+阶梯"相结合的弯道水流控制新技术。试验结果表明,采用该技术后弯道段水流流态良好、横向水深和流速分布较均匀、弯道段沿程流速增加较小、弯道后水流衔接平顺,各项水力指标均满足工程应用要求。研究成果对类似工程提供参考和指导。     

Numerical investigation of MHD convective free stream nanofluid flow influenced by radiation and chemical reaction over stretching cylinder

Chemically reacting magnetohydrodynamic radiative flow of convective free stream nanofluid through a stretching cylinder using Buongiorno's model is discussed. The behavior of Brownian motion and thermophoresis is also appropriate. By adopting the similarity transformation, the partial differential equation is diminished into a first-order ordinary differential equation (ODE). Since transformed equations are highly nonlinear these ODEs are solved by using mathematical simulation. The shooting procedure has been adopted to resolve converted equations along the attendant Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg technique. The reason behind the present work is to research the effects of different parameters of fluid, namely, magnetic parameter, free stream velocity, Brownian motion, thermophoresis, chemical reaction, heat radiation, Lewis number on nanoparticle concentration, temperature, and velocity distribution. The impact of significantly participating parameters on velocity, concentration, and temperature distribution is distinguished with appropriate physical significance. The convergence of solutions for temperature, velocity, and concentration profiles is studied carefully. The measured challenges of nanofluids are scale-up capacity, increase in nanofluid viscosity, nanoparticle dispersion, and nanofluid cost. It is observed that nanoparticle temperature rises for more value of Brownian motion parameter while it declines for higher Lewis number. The current study in the cylindrical region is related to novel free stream flow in the presence of chemical reactions along with convective conditions which find applications in electronic systems like microprocessors and in a wide variety of industries and in the field of biotechnology. The current research helps control the transport phenomena, helping production companies to find the quality of the desired product.