基于UG的弧焊机器人离线编程系统的设备建模

通过对弧焊机器人的结构以及各连杆的几何参数分析后,运用UGNX4.0强大的三维建模功能,对Motoman HP6型弧焊机器人进行了三维建模.所建立的模型是整个离线编程系统的基础.在UGNX4.0环境下,弧焊机器人的设备建模包括三个重要的模块,即零件建模模块、装配建模模块以及运动学模块.其中,零件建模模块是基础,装配建模模块和运动模块都是在此基础上进行的.以VC 作为二次开发工具,成功地进行了弧焊机器人和变位机的三维建模,从而为UG环境下的二次开发研究打下了良好的基础.     

弧焊机器人离线编程系统

针对SK6弧焊机器人设计研究了弧焊机器人离线编程系统（A WOPS）,该系统由几何特征提取及建模模块、焊接姿态规划模块、焊接参数规划模块、机器人程序自动生成模块、机器人仿真及通讯模块等6个模块组成。系统人机界面友好,并引入了智能化专家知识,系统自动化程度较高,本文对日文较件MRCWORD进行了探索性二次开发,实现了弧焊机器人离线仿真及焊枪与工件构建和计算机与机器人通讯的功能。对典型的焊缝（马鞍型）进行了实焊验证。结果表明,该系统是可行的,编程的效率显著提高,焊缝内外在质量优良。     

弧焊机器人MOTOMAN—UP20离线编程系统

弧焊机器人离线编程系统(Offline-Programming system for Arc Welding Robot)是目前机器人研究领域最活跃、最前沿的研究方向.介绍了国内外弧焊机器人离线编程系统的发展现状和发展趋势.以Motoman-UP20弧焊机器人为例,集成了机器人通信模块MOTOCOM32和运动学仿真模块ROTSY并同步导入马鞍形工件,不仅能单步生成作业指令,且可自动生成作业程序,并对焊接过程进行了离线仿真试验,验证该系统切实可行.此外介绍了弧焊机器人离线编程系统的构成.     

弧焊机器人离线编程与仿真技术的研究现状及发展趋势

根据中国弧焊机器人的应用情况和发展需要,传统的工业机器人在线示教已经不能满足生产需求,弧焊离线编程与仿真技术越来越受到生产厂家的重视.文中在分析弧焊机器人离线编程与仿真技术的特点基础上,详细阐述了焊接机器人离线编程与仿真技术目前在国内外相关领域的研究现状.特征建模、对工件和机器人工作单元的标定、自动编程技术等是弧焊机器人离线编程与仿真的核心技术,稳定高效的标定算法和传感器集成是机器人弧焊离线编程系统实用化的关键技术.     

弧焊机器人系统的编程分析及其数学建模方法研究

当前许多弧焊机器人编程系统技术不公开、价格昂贵,同时还缺乏复杂焊接件技术设备建模能力。在此背景下,设计出了基于三维设计软件开发经济实惠、实用性高的编程系统,通过运用SolidWorks三维建模功能、二次开发接口平台,构建弧焊机器人编程系统。文中设计的系统具有实体建模、离线、碰撞检测功能,并且能编写可导入机器人的程序。     

机器人弧焊离线编程与仿真系统的设计

介绍了在高级建模系统SolidWorks上开发机器人弧焊离线编程系统的方法,成功地开发出了一个功能较全的机器人弧焊离线编程系统.对系统的功能模块进行了划分,重点研究了弧焊应用中各项规划技术.     

机器人弧焊成形系统中离线自动编程

目前的机器人离线编程系统大多采用图形示教方式建立机器人运动路径,然而这种编程方式对于复杂路径来说工作量仍是相当大的,而且对于路径规划直接计算得出的机器人位置数据及弧焊操作指令无法方便地形成机器人程序(relative job,JOB).文中以弧焊机器人为对象进行了离线自动编程的研究.利用MOTOMAN机器人的相对JOB数据交换格式,实现了MOTOMAN机器人相对JOB的离线自动编程,自动生成机器人程序.离线自动编程模块通过ODBC接口从弧焊成形系统中相应的规划数据库取得指令代码及数据,充分发挥数据库的优势,有利于离线编程系统的扩展.结果表明,研究的离线编程运行稳定,机器人动作连贯,焊接路径与设计吻合.     

焊接自动线和焊接机器人

基于UG的弧焊机器人离线编程系统的设备建模;弧焊机器人熔化及气体保护焊熔池视觉自适应检测;解放载货车焊装线上的焊接机器人;基于UG的弧焊机器人运动仿真的研究;CO2焊接工艺参数优化的人工神经网络设计     

焊接自动线和焊接机器人

基于UG的弧焊机器人离线编程系统的设备建模;弧焊机器人熔化及气体保护焊熔池视觉自适应检测;解放载货车焊装线上的焊接机器人;基于UG的弧焊机器人运动仿真的研究;CO2焊接工艺参数优化的人工神经网络设计     

基于ROTSY的弧焊机器人离线编程

以MOTOMAN-UP6弧焊机器人和SGMDH-12A2A-YRB变位机为试验平台.将离线编程软件ROTSY、计算机与机器人通信软件MOTOCOM32和校正软件MOTOCALV32组成一个弧焊机器人离线编程系统,实现了机器人和变位机的联动离线编程.通过复杂的马鞍形焊缝编程对所建立离线编程系统进行了验证.在实际运行过程中,焊缝上的点接近或处于船型焊或平焊的位置,焊枪运行平滑,始终对准焊缝,焊枪的姿态也始终符合实际焊接的要求.证明了本离线编程系统达到了设计要求.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.