ACS算法在矩形件优化排料中的应用

矩形件优化排料是一类具有NP完全难度的组合优化问题。有关的优化问题可用与或树来描述,这样就把矩形件优化排料问题变换为寻找一棵面积比率最大的二叉树。用ACS算法实现这种树搜索,是把一定数量的人工蚂蚁分布在与或树的根节点,人工蚂蚁间通过使用信息素相互交流,完成从与或树到二叉树的选择,从而得到矩形件优化排料问题的优化解。     

基于蚁群优化算法求解矩形件排样问题

布局问题来源于生产实际,优秀的布局可以提高原料利用率,降低成本,提高经济效益,对许多行业有重要意义。矩形件优化排样是一类具有NP完全难度的组合优化问题。人工蚁群算法是对蚂蚁群体行为的模拟抽象,该算法具有分布计算、信息正反馈和启发式搜索等特点。本文将蚁群算法和剩余矩形法结合用于解决矩形排样问题,首先用蚁群算法将矩形件排样问题转化为一个排列问题;然后通过剩余矩形排样算法排出每一个排列所对应的排样图;最后用算法对文献[9]中的两个算例进行了验证,表明了其有效性。     

矩形件智能优化排样算法与应用

文章在分析智能优化算法的基础上,针对下料生产作业中解决排样问题的需要,提出了将遗传算法、模拟退火算法分别与"最低水平线法"排放算法结合来进行矩形件优化排料的方法,并通过实例分析比较了两种智能优化算法的应用效果.     

排料算法优化

用计算机进行计算、优化排料是剪、冲裁等材料加工过程中非常值得关注的问题。对贵金属、特种材料和高档装饰材料等,提高它们的利用率具有明显的经济效益。 排料优化问题依照算法和材料的不同可分为矩形板排料和连续带排料两大类。在剪裁加工中材料大多为矩形板材,常采用矩形板材优化排料算法。有时还要把冲剪顺序、冲剪方式等作为附加条件考虑在优化过程中。这类优化过程中按工件形状又分为两类：复杂工件排料、矩形工件排料。矩形板材排料过程中工件种类多,尺寸各异。 在连续冲裁加工中材料大多为宽度给定的连续带,工件种类单一。按照…     

求解板材排料问题的新方法

§１．引言 板材排料问题是家具、包装、地毯等行业常见的一个问题．它是指将一批不同种类的待排矩形件全部排放在给定的板材上,使排料所用的板材数量尽可能地少,即板材的利用率尽可能地高．实质上是一个组合优化的二维布局问题,从计算复杂性来看,是一个ＮＰ完全问题,但至今还没有找到解决该问题的有效多项式时间算法．寻求其近似最优解的近似算法是目前解决该问题的途径之一． 国内外已有不少学者在布局问题方面作了一些研究．如有用模拟退火算法解决大规模排料问题,但其解过分依赖于模拟退火算法冷却进度表的参数的选取,而且该算法…     

具有类比学习机制的优化排料系统

一个具有类比学习机制的二维图形优化排料系统首先将不同规则图形的排料问题转化为矩形件的排料问题；然后利用启发式搜索方法，求得较优解。系统问题求解中引入了类比学习机制，因此系统可以随着排料次数的增加，使所需排料时间逐渐减少。     

火力优化分配问题的小生境遗传蚂蚁算法

火力分配问题是NP难题,经典的求解算法存在指数级的时间复杂度。文中提出一种小生境遗传算法与蚁群优化算法相结合的小生境遗传蚂蚁算法,并针对具体问题提出蚂蚁搜索的禁忌规则。对该算法进行了实验,并将实验结果与其他算法进行比较分析,分析结果表明：新算法无论是在优化性能还是在时间性能都取得了非常好的效果。文中算法对其他的NP问题同样适用。     

基于蚁群算法求解最大团问题

最大团问题是一种典型的NP完全问题, 是图论中一个经典的组合优化问题.研究将蚁群算法应用于求解最大团问题,提出一种求解最大团问题蚁群算法.通过定义最大团问题蚁群算法中的各元素,并改进了蚂蚁搜索解的方法,有效地改善蚁群算法易于过早地收敛于局部最优解的缺陷.仿真实验表明,图中的顶点数较多时,也取得了较好的结果.     

基于离散粒子群优化算法求解矩形件排样问题

改进了一种近似排样算法,并将改进的近似排样算法与离散粒子群优化算法结合求解矩形件排样问题.设计了应用离散粒子群优化算法求解矩形件排样问题的相关操作和定义,给出了离散粒子群优化算法求解矩形件排样问题的详细步骤,最后通过实验测试,验证了算法的有效性.     

带预选搜索步深的二维一刀切矩形优化排料

排料问题是一种总体资源分配问题，其目标是将定量的资源划分为若干指定的份额。使剩余量极小。本文提出了一种新的二维一刀切矩形优化排料算法。实验结果表明，该算法效率高，灵活性强，可被广泛应用于许多相关排料领域。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。