预退火对纳米晶Fe86Zr7B6Cu1合金显微组织和软磁性能的影响

研究在常规退火前的高温短时间预退火对非晶Fe86Zr7B6Cu1合金晶化过程的影响,通过分析温度对形核速率和晶粒长大速率的影响规律,讨论预退火对非晶Fe86Zr7B6Cu1合金晶化过程的影响机制。结果表明,合适的预退火引起纳米晶Fe86Zr7B6Cu1合金中结晶α-Fe相的晶粒尺寸的减小和体积分数的增加。非晶Fe86Zr7B6Cu1合金经600℃退火1 h后的结晶α-Fe相的晶粒尺寸和体积分数分别为13.2 nm和65.2%,而在750℃保温2 min再在600℃退火1 h后的结晶α-Fe相的晶粒尺寸和体积分数分别为9.5 nm和72.4%。在750℃保温2 min再在600℃退火1 h后的试样比常规退火得到的试样具有更为优良的软磁性能。     

动态晶化对纳米晶交换耦合Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe磁性能和显微组织的影响

为改善纳米晶交换耦合Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe永磁合金微结构以提高磁性能，用熔体快淬和动态晶化热处理的方法制备了纳米晶交换耦合Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe永磁体，采用XRD和TEM等方法系统研究了动态晶化热处理对Nd10.5（FeCoZr）83.4B6.1永磁体磁性能和显微组织的影响。结果表明：与传统晶化相比，动态晶化可以在相同的晶化温度下缩短晶化时间，同时能细化晶粒，增强晶粒间磁交换耦合作用，提高磁性能。Nd10.5（FeCoZr）83．4B6.1合金快淬薄带经700℃，10min动态晶化热处理后，制得的粘结磁体获得最佳磁性能，剩磁Br=0．685T，内禀矫顽力Hcj=732kA／m，磁感矫顽力Hcb=429kA／m，最大磁能积（BH）m=75kJ／m^3。     

Nd2Fe14B／α-Fe／非晶Nd-Fe-B三相纳米交换耦合磁体中的结构弛豫

用旋淬法制备了Nd2Fe14B／α-Fe基复相纳米交换耦合磁体粉末样品．发现样品由于在室温下的结构弛豫导致磁性能的较大变化．在淬态Nd-Fe-B非晶相和Nd2Fe14B／α-Fe纳米晶共存的三相交换磁体中,其效果更为明显．而在淬态完全非晶态或晶态的单相或复相交换磁体中,结构弛豫对磁性能的影响较弱．淬态Nd10Fe83B6In磁体粉末经过在室温下置放1年时间后,内禀矫顽力Hc由刚出炉时的296kA／m增加至384kA／m,剩磁比mr从0．55增至0．62．非晶相的存在为晶粒发展完备的晶界提供了可能,应力和缺陷集中的边界区域的结构弛豫和原子调整使得相邻接的相与相、晶粒与晶粒之间的结晶学相关性提高,交换耦合增强．同时完善的晶界也增强磁体的磁硬化．X射线衍射结果显示结构弛豫的最终结果使得衍射峰宽化,极有可能在晶界处形成了畸变的晶间相．而正是这种畸变的晶间相对磁性能的增强起了关键的作用。     

两种方法制备纳米晶复相Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe永磁体实验研究

将机械球磨后制备的Nd2Fe14B非晶粉末和α-Fe纳米晶粉末分别采用2种方法制备纳米复相Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe永磁体。第1种方法是直接将其冷压制坯、真空包套和热挤压制备永磁体。第2种方法是先将Nd2Fe14B晶化,然后冷压制坯、真空包套和热挤压制备永磁体。利用TEM、VSM等分析手段对比研究了2种方法制备永磁体的相对密度、微观组织以及磁性能。结果表明:在相同的工艺参数下,第1种方法制备永磁体不仅可以减少工序,而且其制备的永磁体综合性能均优于第2种方法,其制备永磁体的相对密度为98.24%;Nd2Fe14B和α-Fe的晶粒尺寸分别为60和80nm;磁性能达到:Br=0.98T,Hci=305.6kA/m,和(BH)m=89.8kJ/m3。     

Fe2O3纳米晶自组装球形颗粒的制备与性能

以FeCl3,C2H2O4,NaOH为原料,采用水热法200℃反应12h制备得到了α-Fe2O3纳米晶自组装的球形颗粒.利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和透射电镜对所得产物进行了表征分析,并在室温下测量了其磁学性能.结果表明,所制备的α-Fe2O3纳米晶自组装的球形颗粒为三方晶系的单晶结构,其平均尺寸为300 nm.在室温下测试了球形颗粒的磁学特性,其矫顽力和剩余磁化强度分别为1543.34 Oe和0.10 emu/g,并根据α-Fe2O3纳米晶的形成与组装过程中的作用,并提出了可能生长机理.     

搅拌球磨制备纳米晶复相永磁粉末的微观组织和磁性能研究

采用搅拌球磨法制备了纳米复相Nd2Fe14B／a—Fe永磁合金。借助X射线衍射（XRD）、差示扫描量热法（DSC）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）等分析方法研究了不同球磨时间及晶化处理温度对合金微观组织和磁性能的影响规律。结果表明：随球磨时间的延长，Nd2Fel4B相及a-Fe相的晶粒尺寸迅速减小，球磨5h后粉末由非晶相和晶粒尺寸约为10nm的a-Fe相组成，当晶化处理温度为650℃，保温时间为30min时，两相的晶粒尺寸比较细小，此时磁性能最好，达到Br=1．06T，Hci=347kA／m，（BH）m=142kJ／m^3。     

单相纳米晶Nd12.3Fe79.2Nb2.5B6合金的交换耦合作用与显微组织

采用熔体快淬及晶化退火工艺制备了含铌单相纳米晶Nd12.3Fe79.2Nb2.5B6合金,研究添加Nb对单相Nd2Fe14B纳米晶合金的磁性能、交换耦合和微观结构的影响规律.结果表明:Nb的添加提高了合金的非晶热稳定性,使得合金最佳晶化温度升高;合金晶化退火后,Nb可使晶粒尺寸分布均匀,并得到单一Nd2Fe14B相;晶粒边界比较完整,存在共格、半共格或大角度晶界,但没有观察到晶界相.上述结构可有效提高合金的磁性能,增强交换耦合作用.通过对Nd12.3Fe79.2Nb2.5B6合金磁性能分析可知:650 ℃晶化退火10 min后的合金性能最佳,交换耦合作用最强.     

高矫顽力的低钕Nd9(FeCoZrAl)85B6纳米晶合金的制备

采用单辊快淬工艺制备了一种低钕含量Ｎｄ９（ＦｅＣｏＺｒＡｌ）８５Ｂ６纳米晶合金,研究了快淬工艺与热处理工艺对该合金纳米晶的形成及磁性的影响。结果表明快淬速度和热处理温度都明显地影响低钕含量Ｎｄ９（ＦｅＣｏＺｒＡｌ）８５Ｂ６纳米晶的形成及其磁性（内禀矫顽力ｊＨｃ,矫顽力ｂＨｃ,剩磁Ｂｒ和最大磁能积（ＢＨ）ｍ）。快淬速度２３ｍ／ｓ制备的非晶态合金,在６８５℃处理３０ｍｉｎ,可获得最佳的磁性,其粘结磁体的密度为６．０１ｇ／ｃｍ３时,Ｂｒ＝６５５ｍＴ,ｊＨｃ＝６３９．２ｋＡ／ｍ,ｂＨｃ＝３８１．６ｋＡ／ｍ,（ＢＨ）ｍ＝６５．６８ｋＪ／ｍ３。     

高强脉冲电流工艺参数对Fe基非晶合金纳米晶化的影响

高强脉冲电流能使Fe基非晶合金在低于非晶转变温度70～100K的条件下实现快速晶化。脉冲频率和处理时间对Fe基非晶合金晶化过程有显著影响。在高强脉冲电流的作用下,随着处理时间的增加,Fe基非晶合金先发生结构弛豫,然后在某一临界处理时间之后发生快速晶化,析出大量的α-Fe(Si)纳米相,最后晶化过程趋于稳定。提高脉冲频率f,可以有效缩短临界处理时间,但不改变Fe基非晶合金纳米晶化过程中显微硬度的变化趋势。与等温退火工艺相比,高强脉冲电流处理是一种高效的非晶合金快速晶化方法。     

Magnetostriction in soft magnetic nanocrystalline materials

A review of the experimental results and theoretical models of the magnetostriction in nanocrystalline magnetic alloys is presented. The dependencies of the effective magnetostriction on the crystalline fraction as well as temperature are analysed.     

高压下Fe84Nb7B9纳米晶软磁块体合金的形成

采用机械合金化(MA)以及低温高压烧结工艺制备了Fe84Nb7B9软磁合金粉末及其块体合金,并利用XRD、DSC、SEM对MA合金粉末和块体合金的相结构、晶粒大小以及组织的热稳定性进行了研究.结果表明:经过15h MA后,可获得单相bcc结构的粒径小于10nm的纳米晶过饱和固溶体粉末; 在常压状态下,单相纳米晶过饱和固溶体合金在温度小于550℃时具有良好的组织热稳定性,温度小于770℃时具有良好的相热稳定性; 在p=5.5GPa,t=3min条件下,当Pw≥820W时,可获得相对密度大于98.4%、单相bcc结构的纳米晶(粒径小于10nm)块体合金.     

非晶纳米晶软磁合金的研究进展

介绍了非晶纳米晶软磁合金的最新研究进展,简要分析和总结了添加合金元素以及晶化退火工艺对非晶纳米晶合金结构和性能的影响.最后,根据现有非晶纳米晶合金的研究现状以及实际应用中对其性能的要求,指出了未来非晶纳米晶软磁合金的发展方向.     

On the theoretical understanding of nanocrystalline soft magnetic materials

Nanocrystalline structures offer a new opportunity for tailoring soft magnetic materials. The most prominent examples are devitrified glassy FeCuNbSiB alloys, which exhibit a homogeneous ultrafine grain structure of bcc FeSi, with grain sizes of typically 10 to 15 nm and random texture. Due to the small grain size, the local magnetocrystalline anisotropy is randomly averaged out by exchange interactions so that there is only a small anisotropy net effect on the magnetization process. Moreover, the structural phases present lead to low or vanishing saturation magnetostriction. Both the suppressed magnetocrystalline anisotropy and the low magnetostriction provide the basis for the superior soft magnetic properties comparable to those of Permalloys or near-zero magnetostrictive Co-base amorphous alloys, but at a higher saturation induction.     

Electrodeposition behavior of nanocrystalline CoNiFe soft magnetic thin film

1 Introduction Soft magnetic materials are a central component of electromagnetic devices such as step motors, magnetic sensors, transformers and magnetic recording heads. The electrodeposited CoNiFe alloy that possesses a very high saturation magnetic f…     

Effect of intergranular magnetic coupling on soft magnetic and magnetotransport properties in nanocrystalline materials

The soft magnetic and magnetotransport properties of nanocrystalline Fe–Zr–B–Cu–Ge and Fe–Zr–Cu–Ru alloys have been studied. Our study demonstrates that modification of the chemistry of the residual amorphous phase is an effective approach to adjusting the stiffness of the intergranular magnetic coupling and thereby tailoring the soft magnetic and magnetotransport properties.     

Hot-press sintering of MA Fe-based nanocrystalline／amorphous soft magnetic powder

Microstructures and magnetic properties of Fe84 Nb7 B9, Fe80 Ti8 B12 and Fe32 Ni36 (Nb/Ⅴ) 7 Si8 B17 powders and their bulk alloys prepared by mechanical alloying(MA) method and hot-press sintering were studied. The results show that: 1) After MA for 20 h, nanocrystalline bcc single phase supersaturated solid solution forms in Fe84-Nb7 B9 and Fe8o Ti8 B12 alloys, amorphous structure forms in Fe32 Ni36 Nb7 Si8 B17 alloy, duplex microstructure composed of nanocrystalline γ-(FeNi) supersaturated solid solution and trace content of Fe2B phase forms in Fe32 Ni36-V7 Si8 B17 alloy. 2) The decomposition process of supersaturated solid solution phases in Fe84 Nb7 B9 and Fe80 Ti8 B12alloys happens at 710 -780 ℃, crystallization reaction in Fe32 Ni36 Nb7 Si8 B17 alloy happens at 530 ℃ (the temperature of peak value) and residual amorphous crystallized further happens at 760 ℃ (the temperature of peak value), phase decomposition process of supersaturated solid solution at 780 ℃ (the temperature of peak value) and crystallization reaction at 431 ℃ (the temperature of peak value) happens in Fe32 Ni36 V7Si8B17 alloy. 3) under 900 ℃, 30 MPa,0.5 h hot-press sintering conditions, bulk alloys with high relative density(94.7%- 95.8%) can be obtained. Except that the grain size of Fe84 Nb7B9 bulk alloy is large, superfine grains (grain size 50 - 200 nm) are obtained in other alloys. Except that single phase microstructure is obtained in Fe80 Ti8B12 bulk alloy, multi-phase microstructures are obtained in other alloys. 4) The magnetic properties of Fe80 Ti8 B12 bulk alloy(Bs = 1.74 T, Hc = 4.35 kA/m) are significantly superior to those of other bulk alloys, which is related to the different phases of nanocrystalline or amorphous powder formed during hot-press sintering process and grain size.     

新型FeMB系纳米晶软磁材料的成分设计

运用Miedema理论,系统计算Fe,B与Cu,Mo,Ni,Cr,V,Ga,Nb,Hf和Zr等元素形成合金系时的热力学性质。运用理想溶液理论,计算1 600 K时该二元合金系的过剩Gibbs自由能、过剩熵和活度。结果表明,在FeMB体系中,Fe-Zr-B的混合焓最小;1 600 K时Fe-M-B体系的过剩Gibbs自由能与其混合焓相似,其过剩熵趋近于零,活度相对于理想溶液偏差极小,在实际应用中可忽略不计。     

Effect of Ca addition on soft magnetic properties of nanocrystalline Fe-based alloy ribbons

The effect of Ca addition on the magnetic properties of a nanocrystalline Fe-based alloy was investigated. A small amount of Ca (0.06 wt%) was added to the Fe-based alloy, which was then melt spun to fabricate thin ribbons with a thickness of ∼30 μm. These ribbons were heat treated to obtain a nanocrystalline structure with a grain size of ∼10 nm, and the crystallization behavior was studied to optimize the grain structure. The characteristics of the ribbon alloys were analyzed using a B-H meter, a 4-point probe, a transmission electron microscope (TEM), and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). As a result, the optimum permeability and minimum core loss were obtained for the alloy containing Ca, when annealed at 520 °C for 1 h. The analyses revealed that a reduced core loss could be attributed to the high electrical resistivity and suppressed grain growth, which were caused by the Ca element distributed along the grain boundary. Based on the results, Ca addition to Fe-Si-B-Nb-Cu base nanocrystalline alloy was very effective in controlling the grain size, minimizing the eddy current loss, inducing an improved magnetization behavior, and reducing the core loss.     

Magnetization distribution in a soft magnetic amorphous alloy ribbon in as-quenched state and efficiency of heat treatment

The effect of heat treatment in air on the formation of magnetic properties has been studied based on the example of soft magnetic Fe₇₇Ni₁Si₉B₁₃ and Fe₈₁B₁₃Si₄C₂ amorphous ribbons characterized by positive magneto-striction. The magnetization distribution in the ribbons in the as-quenched state was shown to affect the efficiency of annealing. Under certain conditions, heat treatment, which results in the formation of mainly amorphous state of ribbon surface, is more efficient for samples characterized by high volume of orthogonally magnetized domains. This can be related to high in-plane tensile stresses, which are induced by hydrogen and oxygen atoms introduced into the ribbon surface upon its interaction with atmospheric water vapor.