重轨InSAR平地干涉相位特性研究

鉴于平地干涉相位的补偿是重轨合成孔径雷达干涉测量（InSAR）的重要环节以及平地干涉相位特性对于InSAR处理过程中的参数选择和基线重估计的重要意义,本文针对不同参考面对平地干涉相位特性的影响以及如何利用平地干涉相位特性实施干涉基线重估计的问题进行了研究,从理论上推导出了参考面为平面和球面情况下平地干涉相位以及平地干涉相位频率的标量表示方法,对平面、球面和WGS84椭球面三种不同参考面所对应的平地干涉相位特性进行了对比分析,给出了利用平地干涉相位和平地干涉相位频率方法进行干涉基线重估计的算法理论。研究表明,利用平地干涉相位特性可以实施干涉基线重估计,而考虑到参考面选择对平地干涉相位的影响,在进行干涉处理过程中必须选择适当的参考面。     

InSAR技术在矿区地面沉降监测的应用探讨

本文结合合成孔径雷达差分干涉测量技术监测地面沉降的原理、步骤进行研究,分析了InSAR技术在矿区沉降监测中的发展潜力和技术难点,并结合最新短基线集干涉处理技术,削弱大气延迟误差、DEM误差、相位解缠误差等,提高了监测精度。因此,对合成孔径雷达差分干涉测量监测地面沉降的理论与应用技术的研究,具有霞要的实用价值和社会意义。     

基于白光相移干涉术的微结构几何尺寸表征

将Carré等步长相移法与白光垂直扫描相结合形成了一种白光等步长相移算法,该方法快速、准确、非接触,垂直分辨力可达亚纳米级.测量系统集成了Mirau显微干涉物镜,并通过高精度压电陶瓷纳米定位器带动物镜进行垂直扫描.分析了Carré法应用于白光干涉信号的相位提取的精度,对不同扫描步距以及不同信噪比情况下的测量进行了计算机仿真,确定了测量参数.结合重心法将相位计算的数据范围直接定位于干涉信号的零级条纹,从而省去了相位解包裹过程.通过对微谐振器和标准台阶的测量说明了该方法的有效性,并使用白光相移干涉、白光垂直扫描和单色光相移干涉对44 nm标准台阶进行了测量,并对测量结果进行了比较.     

液晶空间光调制器相位调制特性研究

研究了美国BNS公司生产的Modal P256反射型电寻址液晶空间光调制器的相位调制特性和时间响应特性.采用He-Ne激光作光源,建立迈克尔孙干涉光路观察波前相位变化,给出器件的相位调制特性曲线.分析测量了器件的相位响应不一致性和像素间的相位交连.通过测量液晶器件对方波和正弦控制信号的相位响应延迟,分析了液晶空间光调制器(LC-SLM)的时间响应特性.理论分析与实验结果说明:在特定的入射偏振条件下,LC-SLM实现纯相位调制,可用作高分辨力波前校正器件,然而极慢的响应速度和极低的时间带宽限制了它在动态变化波前相差校正中的应用.     

基于CORDIC算法的单频激光干涉信号处理系统半波长误差分析与消除

为了满足纳米级分辨率和高速处理,设计了基于CORDIC算法的激光干涉信号处理系统.研究发现信号处理系统存在半波长大小的粗大误差.对该半波长误差的特点与形成机理进行了研究,研究表明该半波长误差的根源为小数相位测量存在一定的误差区间,在干涉信号相位零点附近,该误差区间导致小数相位处于[2π-,0+],具有不确定性;与整数相...     

一种正弦相位调制光纤干涉条纹相位稳定方法

为了消除环境因素(尤其是振动和温度波动)在物体表面三维形貌测量中的影响,基于正弦相位调制(SPM)发展了一种光纤干涉条纹相位稳定技术。利用马赫-泽德光纤干涉仪结构和杨氏双孔干涉原理实现高密度的余弦分布干涉条纹投射。利用两光纤干涉臂端面的菲涅尔反射生成迈克尔逊干涉信号,由光电探测器(PD)检测后送入相位控制系统。采用相位生成载波的方法提取干涉信号的相位,并将生成的补偿信号闭环反馈给压电陶瓷驱动器,与正弦相位调制信号相加后共同驱动压电陶瓷,补偿环境因素带来的相位漂移,实现干涉条纹相位的稳定。环境因素对条纹相位的影响低于57 mrad,实验结果验证了该方法可行性。     

可调合成波长链绝对距离干涉测量

本文提出一种利用半导体激光器的波长调谐特性实现的可调合成波长链绝对距离干涉测量方法 ,针对不同的待测距离 ,可选择不同的合成波长链 ,完成对待测距离的由粗测到精测的整个过程。文中基于这种方法构建了干涉测量系统 ,该系统利用压电陶瓷调制的在一条直线上的两个双光束干涉仪 ,使待测距离被包含于一个交流信号的相位项中 ,从而使小数条纹的测量转化为相位测量 ,合成波干涉条纹的小数级次由单波长干涉信号的相位测量值计算得到。文中以外尺寸测量为例描述了实验装置 ,实验结果表明 ,在现有的测量系统和实验条件下 ,待测距离小于 5mm时的测量极限偏差优于 2 0μm。     

激光干涉波形解调测量振动相位新方法

激光干涉频比计数法广泛应用于绝对法振动标准装置,针对频比计数法只能测量振幅不能得到振动相位,提出一种利用激光干涉条纹与振动台运动位移之间的关系,实现测量振动相位的新方法,并给出激光干涉波形解调测量振动相位的数学模型。该方法基于零差的迈克尔逊激光干涉仪,利用高速采集器同步采集激光干涉信号和传感器信号,并在Lab VIEW虚拟仪器开发平台上,软件解调振动波形,实现振动幅值和振动相位的实时测量。测量结果与正弦逼近法相一致。     

基于衍射光栅的二维纳米位移测量技术

提出了一种基于正交衍射光栅作为测量基准元件的二维激光干涉测量系统.利用正交光栅的空间对称级的衍射光进行干涉,基于多普勒效应,采用偏振检测的方法获得相位相差90°的干涉信号.通过光电检测把获得的正弦和余弦信号进行相位细分,系统可在平面二维方向上实现纳米级的分辨率.该系统相比其他干涉测量系统,测量结构紧凑,环境因素对其影响较小,可应用于较大行程的平面微位移精密检测.     

一种新的正弦相位调制干涉条纹相位稳定方法

在基于条纹投射的物体表面形貌测量中,温度漂移和振动是造成条纹相位漂移的主要因素。为了稳定条纹相位,在相位补偿系统(PCS)中运用峰值检测简化相位提取过程,发展了一种基于正弦相位调制的干涉条纹相位稳定技术。将光纤缠绕在柱形压电陶瓷(PZT)上,向PZT注入正弦驱动电压实现对干涉条纹相位的正弦相位调制。运用2×2光纤耦合器分光,结合马赫-泽德干涉与杨氏干涉结构实现条纹投射。光电探测器检测两端面反射信号形成的迈克尔逊干涉信号,从中提取环境因素引起的相位漂移,运用旋转坐标数字机进行快速反正弦计算,生成的补偿信号与调制信号叠加后共同驱动PZT,实现条纹相位稳定。实验结果表明,条纹相位稳定精度为5.5 mrad,较好地消除环境因素引起的相位漂移。     

Errors analysis of transponder-based radiometric calibration for high-resolution imaging radars

Calibration is often required for precision measurement instruments like synthetic aperture radar (SAR) such that an image pixel intensity is directly expressed in terms of the surface backscatter coefficient. An active reflector named as transponder is an effective SAR calibration device which yields a larger radar cross-section than a corner reflector. Likewise, encoding the retransmitted signal can decouple the transponder from the background scatterers, hence, it can be used to calibrate SAR for radiometry, polarimetry and interferometry. However, as this transponder acts as an amplitude modulator, any signal errors in the transponder will result in degraded performance of radiation calibration. Literature search reveals that little work has been reported. As such, various kinds of signal errors and their effects on radiometric calibration are investigated. The system configuration and corresponding signal processing algorithms are detailed. Starting with an investigation of different errors, closed analytic expressions for calibration performance are derived. Furthermore, the most essential element of this transponder, one X-band wideband voltage-controlled attenuator, is developed. Experimental results show that, because of its low cost and wideband modulation technique, this transponder has extensive applications, not just for radiometric calibration.     

White-light interferometry using a channeled spectrum. I. General models and fringe estimation algorithms

Astrometric measurements using stellar interferometry rely on the precise measurement of the central white-light fringe to accurately obtain the optical path-length difference of incoming starlight to the two arms of the interferometer. Because of dispersion in the optical system the optical path-length difference is a function of the wavelength of the light and extracting the proper astrometric signatures requires accommodating these effects. One standard approach to stellar interferometry uses a channeled spectrum to determine phases at a number of different wavelengths that are then converted to the path-length delay. Because of throughput considerations these channels are made sufficiently broad so that monochromatic models are inadequate for retrieving the phase/delay information. The presence of dispersion makes the polychromatic modeling problem for phase estimation even more difficult because of its effect on the complex visibility function. We introduce a class of models that rely on just a few spectral and dispersion parameters. A phase-shifting interferometry algorithm is derived that exploits the model structure. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the robustness and precision of the approach.     

Vibration-compensated interferometer for surface metrology

An advanced interferometer was built for surface metrology in environments with severe vibration. This instrument uses active control to compensate for effects of vibration to allow surface measurement with high-resolution phase-shifting interferometry. A digital signal processor and high-speed phase control from an electro-optic modulator allows phase measurements at 4000 Hz. These measurements are fed back into a real-time servo in the digital signal processor that provides a vibration-corrected phase ramp for the surface measurements taken at video rates. Unlike fringe locking, which compensates vibration to keep the phase constant, we show a true phase servo that allows the phase to be stabilized while it is ramped, enabling surface measurements using phase-shifting interferometry that requires multiple images with controlled phase shifts.     

用SPIDER法还原飞秒脉冲振幅和相位误差

基于光谱位相相干直接电场重构法(SPIDER)测量飞秒激光脉冲的基本原理和重构飞秒脉冲的算法,数值模拟了SPIDER技术重构飞秒脉冲的过程,分析了时间延迟τ、光谱剪切量Ω的选取原则.以宽度约为50 fs的高斯型线性啁啾脉冲为例,取不同的时间延迟τ、光谱剪切量Ω重构了飞秒脉冲,得到:重构出的飞秒脉冲强度和位相最接近时,时间延迟τ约为2 260 fs,相对光谱剪切量Ω/Δω约为10%.     

Delay and dispersion characteristics of a frequency-domain optical delay line for scanning interferometry

The reflective frequency-domain optical delay line employing a diffraction grating, a lens, and a tiltable mirror has emerged as a device particularly suitable for interferometry and optical coherence tomography. The device is comprehensively described, both theoretically and experimentally, in the context of interferometry. The variations of phase and group delay produced by the device as well as its dispersive properties are described and demonstrated experimentally.     

Characterization of chromatic dispersion of optical filters by high-stability real-time spectral interferometry

Chromatic dispersion of optical filters is characterized by what is believed to be novel broadband spectral interferometry, which is based on dual-wavelength heterodyne measurement of spectral phase. High phase stability is achieved by differential phase detection using two lasers for wavelength-swept probe and phase-tracking reference. The technique provides self-tracking interferometry by passive stabilization of optical phase and allows real-time measurement of spectral phase and group delay with a low phase drift of less than 0.04pi. A fiber Bragg grating and a thin-film filter are characterized by this method.     

干涉雷达地表相干特性分析及土地类型分类

基于重轨干涉相干测量的基本原理，利用ERS－1／2重轨干涉雷达数据，对大部分地表有、无积雪覆盖时的地表的相干特性进行了分析，并在此基础上，利用地物的相干特性和振幅强度信息，对大部分地表夫积雪覆盖时的地表进行了土地类型的识别和分类。     

基于二进小波的雷达干涉图条纹探测相位解绕

以二进小波和相位解绕理论为基础，利用二进小波变换的快速算法，对雷达干涉条纹图进行多尺度相位突变边缘探测，进而根据信号和噪声的奇异性在二进小波变换下的局部模极大值随尺度变化的不同演化规律，提出了对雷达干涉条纹图的噪声有一定压制的基于二进小波的干涉条纹检测的相位解绕算法，结果表明，在噪声没有严重破坏相位突变边缘的情况下，相位解绕结果是令人满意的。     

干涉合成孔径雷达二维相位展开问题及其算法

干涉合成孔径雷达(InSAR)主要用于获取高精度数字高程图和高精度的地表变化检测等领域．相位模糊是干涉SAR测量中的基本问题之一．本文系统地分析了干涉SAR相位模糊和二维相位展开的基本概念和基本原理．将干涉SAR二维相位展开作为约束最优化问题，分析和比较了二维相位展开各类算法的特点，探讨了相位展开问题的研究方向．