含氟表面活性剂的技术及市场应用

氟表面活性剂为特种表面活性剂产品中最重要的一类品种，主要应用于技术要求较高的特种场合或一般普通表面活性剂难以胜任的、应用效果较差的领域。同时又可以作为普通表面活性剂增效用的特殊添加剂，通过添加极少量的氟表面活性剂后的普通表面活性剂产品，即可极大地改善普通表面活性剂的性能，有时还能达到意想不到的效果。但是由于氟表面活性剂的商品价格要比普通表面活性剂高，对氟表面活性剂的推广应用形成一定的局限性，这是唯一的缺点。     

亚微米级炸药中表面活性剂的作用机理

用欧美克LS－800型激光粒度测定仪测试了HNS细化的两种产品，结果表明，工艺中使用表面活性剂的产品在粒度分布范围方面及颗粒度方面都优于未使用表面活性剂的产品，另外对表面活性剂在细化工艺中的作用机理进行了理论研究、研究结果对表面活性剂在亚微米级炸药技术中的应用有一定的参考价值。     

表面活性剂在人体皮肤的残留研究

在以表面活性剂为主的清洁类产品中，消费者越来越注重产品的温和性，表面活性剂在皮肤上引起刺激的主要原因之一是表面活性剂在皮肤表皮无法完全清洗干净造成残留，而长时间的残留则会对皮肤造成不可逆的刺激，这一点消费者往往容易忽视且目前相关研究较少。本文系统性阐述了表面活性剂在皮肤上发生残留的机理、危害以及常用表征手法，对现有化妆品产品配方设计的进一步优化提供理论支撑，为表面活性剂清洁类产品未来发展的方向提供参考。     

2008年度全国表面活性剂原料及产品产销统计分析

分析了烷基苯、脂肪醇、脂肪酸、脂肪胺以及甘油等表面活性剂原料的产销情况和进出口情况,对阴离子表面活性剂、非离子表面活性剂、阳离子表面活性剂和两性离子表面活性剂产品统计情况以及进出口情况进行了剖析。分析了表面活性剂原料产销情况和表面活性剂产品统计数据呈现的特点。预测了2009年表面活性剂行业的基本情况。     

直链烷基苯磺酸盐和α－烯基磺酸盐混合表面活性剂体系

直链烷基苯磺酸盐和α－烯基磺酸盐混合表面活性剂体系直链烷基苯磺酸盐（ＬＡＢＳ）是洗涤剂产品中最常用的表面活性剂。ＬＡＢＳ与其他活性剂相比性能优越、价格低、加工方便，但在助剂不足的产品中耐硬水的效能显著降低。这个问题可以通过加入辅助表面活性剂解决，最常...     

表面活性剂研发现状及未来发展前景研究

表面活性剂在化妆品、洗涤剂、农业和环保等方面广泛应用。随着市场需求的日益增加，表面活性剂产品研发技术不断更新，因此对表面活性剂在化妆品、洗涤剂和农业领域的研发现状及未来发展前景进行了分析与研究。     

在有机颜料合成过程中表面活性剂对其性能的影响

在有机颜料合成过程中表面活性剂对其性能的影响党光，邓庭春王振英（天津染化八厂）（天津师范大学）在有机颜料合成过程中，表面活性剂的加入对产品性能的改进及增质降耗起着举足轻重的作用，不同类型的表面活性剂对产品性能的影响不同，在使用过程中要根据颜料自身结构...     

双亲油基—双7亲水基型表面活性剂

介绍一类新型表面活性剂－双亲油基－双亲水基型表面活性剂，包括阴离子型，阳离子型，非离子型等。讨论了各种类型双联表面联活性剂的合成方法及产品理化性能，如表面张力及临界胶束浓度，水溶助长性，增溶性，润湿性，泡沫性，生物安全性等，同时指出该类表面活性剂具有重要的实用价值和广阔的开发前景。     

木素表面活性剂的开发与应用

以工业木素为原料，可开发出多种表面活性剂产品，如染料分散剂、混凝土减水剂和加气剂、沥青乳化剂、表面活性剂采油的牺牲剂和原油乳化阵粘剂、液态燃料乳化剂等。木素表面活性剂价格低廉，有较强竞争力，开发木案表面活性剂有利于充分利用木素资源和治理纸厂制浆黑液造成的环境污染，应当加强这方面的研究工作，特别是基础研究。     

表面生市场动态与发展建议

介绍了９０年代全球及美国、西欧、日本和中国等主要因家（地区）表面活必 ，消费领域和产品结构的变化及预测，并根据我国国情，建议对生产能力过剩的大宗表面活必 调整产品结构，降低生产成本，对温和型表面生剂合成的产业化应加强应用基础研究和应用研究；对表面活性剂工业的应用应同用户一起重点开发纺织后整理造纸化学品、油口化学产品和建材与加工等领域，探索表面活性剂在高新技术领域中的应用应当成分今后表面活性剂的重大     

Drag reduction in turbulent pipeline flow of mixed nonionic polymer and cationic surfactant systems

Turbulent drag reduction behaviour of a mixed nonionic polymer/cationic surfactant system was studied in a pipeline flow loop to explore the synergistic effects of polymeric and surfactant drag reducing additives. The nonionic polymer used was polyethylene oxide (PEO) at three different concentrations (500, 1000, and 2000 ppm). The surfactant used was cationic octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (OTAC) at concentration levels of 1000 and 2500 ppm. Sodium salicylate (NaSal) was used as a counter‐ion for the surfactant at a molar ratio of 2 (MR = Salt/OTAC = 2). Relative viscosity and surface tension were measured for different combinations of PEO and OTAC. While the relative viscosities demonstrated a week interaction between the polymer and the surfactant, the surface tension measurements exhibited negligible interaction. The pipeline results show a considerable synergistic effect, that is, the mixed polymer–surfactant system gives a significantly higher drag reduction (lower friction factors) as compared with pure polymer or pure surfactant. The addition of surfactant to the polymer always enhances drag reduction. However, the synergistic effect in mixed system is stronger at low polymer concentrations and high surfactant concentrations. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering     

Mixed Systems Based on Erucyl Amidopropyl Betaine and Nanoparticles: Self‐Organization and Rheology

The aggregation behavior and flow characteristics of systems based on zwitterionic surfactant, erucyl amidopropyl betaine, silica and alumina nanoparticles in a wide range of surfactant concentrations from molecular to micellar solutions were studied using surface tensiometry, conductometry, dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering, and rheology techniques. The adsorption of zwitterionic surfactant molecules occurs on both positively and negatively charged surfaces via an electrostatic interaction mechanism. As a result, addition of a small amount silica nanoparticles (0.5–0.8 wt%) increases the surfactant solution's viscosity by more than two times.     

农药制剂中表面活性剂的应用及发展

对表面活性剂的性能,表面活性剂在农药剂型加工中的现状,农药剂型专用表面活性剂的开发方向作了阐述。     

化学驱用特种表面活性剂的文献综述

随着油田开采程度的深入,普通表面活性剂由于其固有的弱点已不能满足在高温高盐条件下提高采收率的要求,于是把目光转向了新型耐温抗盐表面活性剂——特种表面活性剂。化学驱用特种表面活性剂主要包括G em in i型表面活性剂、氟表面活性剂、生物表面活性剂和非离子-阴离子复合型表面活性剂。本文将就特种表面活性剂的研制开发、特性及应用作较详细介绍。     

新型油脂基高分子表面活性剂的研究进展

近年来,随着＂绿色化学＂的呼吁声越来越高,在新型油脂基高分子表面活性剂方面的研究取得一定的进展。本文主要介绍各种新型油脂基高分子表面活性剂的合成方法、性能,以及其研究进展。其中包括非离子型表面活性剂和两性表面活性剂、双子型表面活性剂等新型油脂基高分子表面活性剂的合成方法及应用。     

SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS OF ANIONIC SURFACTANT AND NONIONIC POLYMER ADDITIVES ON DRAG REDUCTION

Turbulent drag reduction (DR) behavior of mixed nonionic polymer and anionic surfactant solutions in water was studied in a pipeline set up to explore the synergic effects of mixed additives on DR. The concentration of polymer polyethylene oxide (PEO) was varied from 0 to 2000 ppm and the concentration of surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was varied from 0 to 5000 ppm. The critical aggregation concentration (CAC), where the interaction between the polymer and the surfactant begins, and the polymer saturation point (PSP), where the polymer molecules become saturated with the surfactant, were determined using electrical conductivity and surface tension measurements. As the polymer concentration was increased the CAC decreased but the PSP increased. The relative viscosity showed a remarkable increase upon the addition of surfactant to the polymer solution due to extension of polymer chains caused by the formation of micelles on the backbone of the polymer molecules. The data exhibited a considerable increase in DR in the case of mixed polymer/surfactant systems. The percent reduction in friction factor was as high as 79 when 3000 ppm or more surfactant was added to the 500 ppm polymer solution. Furthermore, the drag reduction behavior of the polymer solution changed from so-called Type A to Type B. In Type A drag reduction, a transition from laminar to turbulent regime is observed with a clear-cut onset point. In Type B drag reduction, no transition or onset point is observed; the data fall on a gradual extension of the laminar line.     

Effect of cationic surfactant addition on the drag reduction behaviour of anionic polymer solutions

Although extensive research work has been carried out on the drag reduction (DR) behaviour of polymers and surfactants alone, little progress has been made on the synergistic effects of combined polymers and surfactants. In this work, the interactions between drag‐reducing anionic polymer (copolymer of acrylamide and sodium acrylate, referred to as PAM) and drag‐reducing cationic surfactant (octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, OTAC) are studied. Solutions are prepared using both deionised (DI) water and tap water. The measurement of the physical properties such as electrical conductivity and viscosity are used to determine the surfactant–polymer interactions. The addition of surfactant to the polymer solution has a significant effect on the properties of the system. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the mixed surfactant–polymer system is found to be different from that of the surfactant alone. With the addition of surfactant to a polymer solution, a substantial decrease in the viscosity occurs. The observed changes in the viscosity of mixed polymer–surfactant system are explained in terms of the changes in the extension of polymeric chains, resulting from polymer–surfactant interactions. The anionic PAM chains tend to collapse upon the addition of cationic OTAC. The pipeline flow behaviour of PAM/OTAC mixtures is found to be consistent with the bench scale results. The DR ability of PAM is reduced upon the addition of OTAC. At low concentrations of PAM, the effect of OTAC on the DR behaviour is more pronounced. The DR behaviour of polymer solutions is strongly influenced by the nature of water (DI or tap). © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering     

耐温抗盐驱油表面活性剂的现场应用

三次采油技术中研究和应用较多的是包含表面活性剂的各种化学驱油技术,包括三元复合驱、二元复合驱以及表面活性剂驱等。表面活性剂在这些驱油技术中起着重要作用．它主要是通过降低油水界面张力和提高毛细管数达到提高采收率的目的。对于普通油藏,表面活性剂驱油剂的研究比较成功,应用效果也比较理想,如石油磺酸盐、烷基苯磺酸盐可与地层流体配伍,形成超低界面张力,达到提高采收率的目的。     

Adaptability of a hydrophobically associating polyacrylamide/mixed‐surfactant combination flooding system to the Shengli Chengdao oilfield

We investigated the performance of a combination flooding system composed of hydrophobically associating polyacrylamide (HAPAM) and a mixed surfactant [fatty acid disulfonate anionic gemini surfactant (DMES) plus the nonionic surfactant Triton X‐100 (TX‐100)] under the reservoir conditions of the Shengli Chengdao oilfield. With 1800 mg/L HAPAM and 300–3000 mg/L mixed surfactant, the surfactant–polymer (SP) flooding system reached an ultralow oil–water interfacial tension, and the viscosity of the system was greater than 40 mPa s. After the solution was aged for 120 days, its viscosity was still more than 40 mPa s; this indicated a good aging stability. The core flooding experiments with different porous media permeabilities showed that the SP flooding system created a higher resistance factor and residual resistance factor. In addition, the indoor flooding experiments indicated that the SP combination flooding system increased the enhanced oil recovery by more than 30% over that of the original oil in place compared with the water flooding system. Therefore, it was feasible to use an SP flooding system in the Chengdao oilfield. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40390.     

The application of surfactant deflocculants to superconceptrated household and industrial laundry liquids

A Structured Surfactant System comprises a readily pourable surfactant phase in aqueous solution which is capable of long-term suspension of insoluble builder particles. First-generation structured systems have been limited to soluble electrolyte concentrations that do not cause strong flocculation of the surfactant phase, typically a maximum of approximately 15% by weight electrolyte. As a direct consequence, the maximal surfactant content of structured systems has also been limited to about 30%. This paper reports the recent development of deflocculation technology, which has enabled the total active concentration in structured systems to be increased to as high as 70% by weight. Deflocculation of model structured surfactant systems by alkyl thiol polyacrylates and alkyl polyglucosides has been investigated by rheometry and optical microscopy. Viscosity changes in model detergent systems have been determined as a function of deflocculant headgroup size and concentration. These have been related to the process of deflocculation by a study of the microscopic appearance and storage stability of the same model systems. Interlamellar spacing of surfactant vesicles in a deflocculated model structured system has then been determined as a fenction of electrolyte concentration by the technique of small angle X-ray scattering. It has been shown that surfactant vesicle shrinkage in the presence of high electrolyte concentration and a deflocculant can be used to formulate a superconcentrated liquid system.