Web应用自动化测试的研究

针对目前Web应用"捕捉/回放"式测试脚本复用率不高的问题,根据Web应用的特性给出了一种基于数据驱动的Web测试框架,并设计了基于XML语言的自动化测试脚本.该测试脚本描述了Web应用行为的多请求/响应的迁移模型,并清晰地定义了外部测试数据避免了数据"硬编码"的缺陷,可对Web应用不同方面(例如功能、性能)上进行测试.开发了一个测试执行的原型工具,它以测试脚本为输入并自动化执行测试用例并生成测试结果.     

Testing fuzzy hypotheses based on fuzzy test statistic

A new approach for testing fuzzy parametric hypotheses based on fuzzy test statistic is introduced. First, we define some models representing the extended versions of the simple, the one-sided and the two-sided crisp hypotheses to the fuzzy ones. Then, we provide a confidence interval for interested parameter, and using α-cuts of the fuzzy null hypothesis, we construct the related fuzzy test statistic. Finally, by introducing a credit level, we can decide to accept or reject the fuzzy hypothesis. The method is applied to test the fuzzy hypotheses for the mean of a normal distribution, the variance of a normal distribution, and the mean of a Poisson distribution.     

A new spectral test for nonrandomness and the DES

A test for detecting the nonrandomness of finite binary strings is proposed. This test, based on an evaluation of the power spectrum of a finite string, extends and quantifies a similar test proposed by J. Gait (see ibid., vol.3, no.5, p.359-63, 1977). As an empirical measure of the sensitivity of the test, it was compared with a chi-square test for uniformity of distribution, which also measures nonrandomness. This comparison was performed by applying each of these tests to binary strings produced using short-round versions of the data encryption standard (DES) in output-feedback mode. By varying the number of DES rounds from 1 to 16, it was possible to gradually vary the degree of randomness of the resulting strings. The degree of randomness of the DES, including the 15 short-round versions, was also assessed. Only ensembles generated by one and two round versions were rejected as random     

非干涉测试方法适应异质目标系统的研究*

传统的嵌入式系统软件测试方法对被测试系统有一定的干涉效应,影响了测试结果的精确性。采用NIT（non-interference test,非干涉测试）方法可以将这种影响消除,从而得到精确的测试结果。与传统的测试方法不同,该方法的特点在于对目标系统完全是非干涉的,也就是不需要在目标软件中驻留任何仅用于测试的可执行代码。因为NIT是对目标系统硬件和软件定制性很强的测试方法,而嵌入式系统的硬件、软件组合是非常灵活而复杂的,所以将NIT应用于实际的测试工程必须解决如何适应不同体系结构目标机器的问题。具体来说,如何适应异质的硬件,如何面对不同目标系统都能在数据采集的同时高效率地分流过滤以便减小数据分析的压力,如何在数据分析阶段适应不同的高级编程语言的测试？针对这些问题进行了相关分析。     

A studentized permutation test for the non-parametric Behrens-Fisher problem

For the non-parametric Behrens-Fisher problem a permutation test based on the studentized rank statistic of Brunner and Munzel is proposed. This procedure is applicable to count or ordered categorical data. By applying the central limit theorem of Janssen, it is shown that the asymptotic permutational distribution of this test statistic is a standard normal distribution. For very small and very different sample sizes, frequently occurring in medical and biological applications, an extensive simulation study suggests that this permutation test works well for data from several underlying distributions. The proposed test is applied to data from a clinical trial.     

Privacy-preserving Kruskal–Wallis test

Statistical tests are powerful tools for data analysis. Kruskal–Wallis test is a non-parametric statistical test that evaluates whether two or more samples are drawn from the same distribution. It is commonly used in various areas. But sometimes, the use of the method is impeded by privacy issues raised in fields such as biomedical research and clinical data analysis because of the confidential information contained in the data. In this work, we give a privacy-preserving solution for the Kruskal–Wallis test which enables two or more parties to coordinately perform the test on the union of their data without compromising their data privacy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that solves the privacy issues in the use of the Kruskal–Wallis test on distributed data.     

基于黑盒测试的航天嵌入式软件用例设计方法

为了提高测试用例设计的效率,简化测试用例数量,提出了基于黑盒测试的航天嵌入式软件用例设计方法.阐述了确认测试过程中实用的测试用例设计流程,提出了在设计测试输入数据的基础上加强测试逻辑设计的用例设计方法,并结合实际工程经验,给出了测试用例的总体设计思路.最后,对测试遗漏问题及其原因进行了分析,为今后进行更有效的星载软件测试提供了参考.     

Directed test suite augmentation: an empirical investigation

Test suite augmentation techniques are used in regression testing to identify code elements in a modified program that are not adequately tested and to generate test cases to cover those elements. A defining feature of test suite augmentation techniques is the potential for reusing existing regression test suites. Our preliminary work suggests that several factors influence the efficiency and effectiveness of augmentation techniques that perform such reuse. These include the order in which target code elements are considered while generating test cases, the manner in which existing regression test cases and newly generated test cases are used, and the algorithm used to generate test cases. In this work, we present the results of two empirical studies examining these factors, considering two test case generation algorithms (concolic and genetic). The results of our studies show that the primary factor affecting augmentation using these approaches is the test case generation algorithm utilized; this affects both cost and effectiveness. The manner in which existing and newly generated test cases are utilized also has a substantial effect on efficiency and in some cases a substantial effect on effectiveness. The order in which target code elements are considered turns out to have relatively few effects when using concolic test case generation but in some cases influences the efficiency of genetic test case generation. The results of our first study, on four relatively small programs using a large number of test suites, are supported by our second study of a much larger program available in multiple versions. Together, the studies reveal a potential opportunity for creating a more cost‐effective hybrid augmentation approach leveraging both concolic and genetic test case generation techniques, while appropriately utilizing our understanding of the factors that affect them. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Computer-based tests: the impact of test design and problem of equivalency

Nowadays, computerized forms of psychodiagnostic methods are often produced without providing appropriate psychometric characteristics, or without proving equivalency with conventional forms. Moreover, there exist tests with more than one computerized versions, which are mostly designed differently. Study I focused on the impact of test design. It was found that even simple change of color scheme (light stimuli on dark background vs. dark stimuli on light background) had a significant effect on subjects’ performance. Study II examined equivalency of a computerized speeded test, which is broadly used within psychological practitioners in the Czech Republic; this form was found non-equivalent with its conventional counterpart.     

Anti-model测试框架的研究与实现*

对于继承的系统或基于组件的系统,常常得不到系统详细的信息,测试这样的系统很困难,采用Anti-model测试思想和方法可以解决此类问题。基于Anti-model测试思想,设计出基于Anti-model的测试框架,详细分析和说明了Anti-model的测试过程中的几个关键性的技术,包括动态数据的获得、动态数据的存储格式、综合行为模型、修正和精炼系统行为模型、再测试的测试用例的获得等。编程实验表明,本方法具有实用性和可行性。     

A new test scheduling algorithm based on Networks-on-Chip as Test Access Mechanisms

Networks-on-Chip (NoCs) can be used for test data transportation during manufacturing tests. On one hand, NoC can avoid dedicated Test Access Mechanisms (TAMs), reducing long global wires, and potentially simplifying the layout. On the other hand, (a) it is not known how much wiring is saved by reusing NoCs as TAMs, (b) the impact of reuse-based approaches on test time is not clear, and (c) a computer aided test tool must be able to support different types of NoC designs. This paper presents a test environment where the designer can quickly evaluate wiring and test time for different test architectures. Moreover, this paper presents a new test scheduling algorithm for NoC TAMs which does not require any NoC timing detail and it can easily model NoCs of different topologies. The experimental results evaluate the proposed algorithm for NoC TAMs with an exiting algorithm for dedicated TAMs. The results demonstrate that, on average, 24% (up to 58%) of the total global wires can be eliminated if dedicated TAMs are not used. Considering the reduced amount of dedicated test resources with NoC TAM, the test time of NoC TAM is only, on average, 3.88% longer compared to dedicated TAMs.     

WIA-PA协议一致性测试方法研究

针对WIA-PA协议的特点构建了WIA-PA协议一致性测试的系统结构和网络拓扑,给出了WIA-PA协议一致性测试的方法和原则,重点论述了测试代理软件的功能与软件实现,设计出了WIA-PA协议的一致性测试抽象测试集。最后以数据链路层的网络时间同步测试为例说明了WIA-PA协议一致性测试的一般流程。     

支持变更影响分析的软件测试配置管理系统

介绍了一个新开发的基于WEB的软件测试资产管理系统原型STACMS。STACMS将软件配置管理方法学应用到测试这一特殊的软件生命周期阶段，可跟踪测试工件的版本演化、维护版本之间的关系并支持变更影响分析。     

恒定应力加速寿命试验模型及应用——威布尔分布

加速寿命试验是可靠性试验技术的基本方法之一。检验加速寿命试验中的数据是否服从威布尔分布,进而得出加速系数和加速寿命方程,用在不同应力水平下试验得到的数据,运用威布尔分布模型,并对其中的待估参数进行点估计和区间估计,最终得出产品在正常应力水平下的各项可靠性特征量的估计。     

UML模型驱动的划分测试用例生成方法研究

测试用例的自动生成是软件测试研究的主要方向之一。针对现有的UML模型驱动测试方法在测试数据生成方面存在低效、无目的性、冗余等问题,提出了基于UML活动图模型驱动的划分测试用例自动生成方法。该方法将测试场景归为五种类型,并为每种类型规划了测试数据取值范围和选择方法。构建了基于该方法的原型工具软件,提供被测软件原模型和数据约束即可生成测试用例。实验结果表明,该方法能够在不降低测试覆盖率的情况下,能生成数量少、针对性强的测试用例集。     

基于路径引导的回归测试用例集扩增方法

为了全面测试演化软件,回归测试通常需要生成新的测试用例。concolic测试是一种沿着具体执行路径进行符号执行的软件验证技术,通过生成测试数据来执行程序的所有可行路径。回归测试中,由于concolic测试关注于程序本身,没有利用已有测试用例和软件演化信息,导致生成大量无效测试数据,浪费资源和时间。为解决此问题,提出一种基于路径引导的回归测试用例集扩增方法。该方法将目标路径作为引导,根据软件演化信息选择有利于覆盖目标路径的测试用例,利用已有测试用例跳过重叠初始子路径,对后续目标子路径进行concolic测试并生成覆盖目标路径的测试数据。案例分析表明,本文方法相比传统concolic测试,本方法在覆盖程序可行路径的同时,可有效减少concolic测试路径,提高测试数据生成效率。     

面向路径的测试数据自动生成工具的设计

设计了一个通用的基于控制流和数据流的结构测试数据自动生成的工具。该工具根据控制流和数据流测试中所采用的覆盖标准来选取测试路径,并以改进后的迭代松弛法为核心,对所选取的路径生成测试数据。同时工具采用Fibonacci法优化选取路径,对不可达路径进行处理,并对测试数据的分支覆盖率、DCP覆盖率等进行了统计。实验结果表明该工具是可行的。     

面向用户会话的Web应用测试用例生成及其优化

测试是保证Web应用的高质量、高可靠性的一种有效手段,然而,由于其特殊性和复杂性,使得传统的测试理论与方法很难直接运用到Web应用的测试中,一个关键的问题就是测试用例的生成及其优化。提出了一种将遗传算法用于基于用户会话的Web应用测试用例生成及其优化的方法。通过分析服务器的用户日志,清除无关的数据,得到大量有意义的用户会话,利用约简技术进一步剔除其中的冗余。为便于测试的重用和并发执行,将用户会话进行合理的分组,每一组称为一个测试套件,并在测试套件之间以及测试套件内部(测试用例之间)进行初步的优先排序。这样就得到了初始的测试套件和测试用例,以及它们的初始执行顺序。这种初始的测试方案离最优解的近似程度还不是很高,需进一步利用遗传算法对它们进行分组优化并优先排序。同时提出了一种利用交叉算子产生新的测试用例的方法,新的测试用例可以检测不同用户共享数据时可能带来的冲突而产生的错误。     

支持自主创建考试科目的考试系统设计与实现

支持自主创建考试科目的考试系统是工作于Internet或Intranet环境下,实现不同科目的教师共同拥有与应用的考试系统.将从组成系统的多个功能模块:自主创建考试科目、动态随机出题、考试时间锁定、系统自动判卷、计算机"死机"问题应对、考试信息管理对该考试系统进行设计并最终实现.     

软件测试用例自动生成算法综述*

按照测试用例自动生成技术的不同,将测试用例自动生成算法分为随机、遗传、蚁群、粒子群四类,对上述各类算法的现状和进展进行介绍、分析和探讨。最后,对软件测试用例自动生成的研究进行了总结。