羰基铁粉填充天然橡胶基磁流变弹性体的性能

以天然橡胶（NR）为基体,考察了4种牌号（EW、SM、SQ、CN）的羰基铁粉对NR混炼胶的硫化特性及NR基磁流变弹性体（MRE）在压缩状态下的磁流变性能、物理机械性能、热稳定性及微观形态的影响。结果表明,EW、SM、SQ、CN的平均粒径依次增大,且CN具有最宽的粒径分布,EW具有最窄的粒径分布;在4种牌号的羰基铁粉中,SM填充NR混炼胶的焦烧时间和正硫化时间最短,硫化速率最快;随着羰基铁粉粒径的增加,NR混炼胶的交联密度增大,在硫化过程中均出现的硫化返原程度加剧;SM填充MRE的磁流变效应最高,CN填充MRE的磁流变效应最低;随着羰基铁粉粒径的增加,MRE的邵尔A硬度无明显变化,300%定伸应力呈上升趋势,拉伸强度和扯断伸长率都有所降低,其中CN填充MRE的耐热稳定性最好;在4种牌号的羰基铁粉填充MRE中,CN和SQ的整体粒径较大,且CN有较明显的块状团聚,而SM和EW的整体粒径较小。     

磁流变弹性体的性能研究

以天然橡胶为基体制备磁流变弹性体（MRE）,研究MRE的Payne效应及磁感应强度和磁流变效应。电子显微镜分析得出,对于羰基铁粉质量分数最大（81.67%）的MRE,羰基铁粉分布密集,出现羰基铁粉团聚现象。流变仪测试结果表明：随着羰基铁粉质量分数的增大,MRE的Payne效应和磁流变效应增强;随着应变的增大,MRE的储能模量减小,损耗因子增大。     

改性剂种类对羰基铁粉填充天然橡胶磁流变性能的影响（英文）

采用4种改性剂离子液体、硅烷偶联剂、油酸及硬脂酸改性羰基铁粉,以天然橡胶作为基质,研究了不同改性剂对天然橡胶基磁流变弹性体(MRE)磁流变性能的影响。结果表明,改性剂能明显提高天然橡胶基MRE的磁流变效应,其中油酸改性后的MRE的相对磁流变效应比未改性者提高了229%。扫描电镜照片显示改性后MRE中的磁性粒子呈现出定向链状结构,链段变得更加完整。     

硫化体系对天然橡胶基磁流变弹性体性能的影响

以天然橡胶(NR)为基体,羰基铁粉为磁性粒子制备了NR基磁流变弹性体(NR-MRE),考察了不同硫化体系,如传统硫化(CV)体系、半有效硫化(SEV)体系、有效硫化(EV)体系和平衡硫化(EC)体系对NR混炼胶硫化特性及NR-MRE物理机械性能、磁流变性能、热稳定性、微观形貌的影响,并表征了NR-MRE的微观形貌。结果表明,在4种硫化体系中,CV体系的NR混炼胶硫化返原程度较为严重,NR-MRE的磁流变弹性体具有最高的拉伸强度和磁流变效应(EMR)以及最差的热稳定性; EC体系的NR混炼胶硫化返原程度不明显,硫化速率最慢,NR-MRE的拉伸强度最低; EV体系的NRMRE的EMR最低,热稳定性最好。在4种硫化体系的NR-MRE中,羰基铁粉均呈现清晰的链状结构,其中CV体系最明显,EC体系排布与SEV体系相似,但团聚比SEV体系严重。     

各向同性与各向异性天然橡胶磁流变弹性体的导热性能及磁流变性能（英文）

采用羰基铁粉粒子填充天然橡胶磁流变弹性体(MRE),研究了各向同性与各向异性MRE的磁流变性能及导热性能。结果表明,各向异性MRE的热扩散系数和导热系数比各向同性MRE分别提高了30. 1%和41. 9%。同时,随着应变的增大,MRE的相对磁流变效应呈下降趋势,而在相同应变下,各向异性MRE的储能模量以及相对磁流变效应均高于各向同性MRE。     

天然橡胶/氯化聚氯乙烯热塑性弹性体的性能与结构

采用动态硫化法制备天然橡胶(NR)/氯化聚氯乙烯(CPVC)热塑性弹性体(TPV),并研究甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)/苯乙烯(St)双单体熔融接枝NR[NR-g-(GMA-co-St)]与白炭黑复配增容补强NR/CPVC TPV的物理性能、耐溶剂性能和微观形态结构。结果表明:当NR-g-(GMA-co-St)和白炭黑的用量分别为7和3份时,交联NR分散相在CPVC基体中的分散度和均一性得到明显改善,相界面的结合强度显著提高,达到良好的复配增容补强效果。与未改性NR/CPVC TPV相比,改性NR/CPVC TPV的拉伸强度、拉断伸长率和撕裂强度增大,耐溶剂性能明显改善。     

油田用磁流变弹性体室内研究

磁流变弹性体（MRE）是将磁性粒子分散在高聚物基体中,固化后形成的复合材料.相较于磁流变液,具有不易沉降、性能稳定、控制可逆、响应迅速等优点,MRE作为新兴的智能材料,在石油钻采领域有广泛的应用前景.制备了以天然橡胶（NR）为基体,不同磁性粒子含量的各向同性和各向异性MRE,分析了样品的磁流变性能、物理机械性能和耐油性能.结果表明,随着磁性粒子含量的上升,样品的磁流变性能、交联密度、热稳定和耐油性能都明显提升,但力学性能所下降.在500 mT外加磁感应强度下,50％的各向异MRE相对磁流变效应为26.87％,绝对磁流变效应为0.61 MPa.     

碳纳米管/天然橡胶复合材料的结构与性能

通过机械混炼法制备了碳纳米管(CNT)／天然橡胶(NR)复合材料,研究了CNT的预处理方式对复合材料结构与性能的影响。结果表明,与NR相比,CNT／NR复合材料的硫化返原现象减轻,硫化后凝胶质量分数降低,硫化剂用量应适当增加,由混酸氧化处理的CNT填充橡胶复合材料的硫化迟滞效应明显;复合材料内部存在CNT的富集区域和CNT含量很少的橡胶区域,CNT与NR之间的界面结合作用不好;由HF处理的CNT填充橡胶复合材料的整体性能最好,但受CNT在橡胶基体中的不良分散状态及界面性质的影响,其力学性能不高。     

Dynamic properties of magnetorheological elastomers based on iron sand and natural rubber

In this study, magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) based on iron sand and natural rubber were prepared. The Taguchi method was employed to investigate the effect of a number of factors, namely, the iron sand content, iron sand particle size, and applied magnetic field during curing on the loss tangent (tan δ) and energy dissipated during cyclic loading. Tan δ was measured through dynamic mechanical analysis over a range of frequency (0.01–130 Hz), strain amplitude (0.1–4.5%), and temperature (?100 to 50°C). The energy dissipated was measured with a universal tester under cyclic tensile loading. The data were then statistically analyzed to predict the optimal combination of factors, and finally, experiments were conducted for verification. It was found that the iron sand content had the greatest influence on tan δ when measured over a range of frequency, and the energy dissipated during hysteresis tests. However, none of the factors showed a significant influence on tan δ when measured over a range of strain amplitude. Furthermore, the iron sand content and magnetic field were also found to influence the width of the peak in tan δ as a function of the temperature. The morphological characteristics of the MREs were also examined with scanning electron microscopy. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41506.     

微波脱硫废胶粉/天然橡胶共混弹性体的制备与性能

采用微波脱硫法对废胶粉(WRP)进行表面活化改性,初步探索了WRP脱硫的最佳微波条件;将在最佳微波条件下脱硫的废胶粉(DRP)与天然橡胶(NR)制成共混弹性体,考察了共混弹性体的力学性能、压缩永久变形、溶胀率和交联密度。结果表明,WRP脱硫的最佳微波条件为功率750W、辐射时间60s;DRP/NR共混弹性体的力学性能比WRP/NR共混弹性体有所提高;而相同胶粉用量下,DRP/NR共混弹性体的溶胀率均比WRP/NR共混弹性体低,而交联密度大。     

Effect of synthesis variables on viscoelastic properties of elastomers filled with carbonyl iron powder

This work studies the influence of synthesis variables on the lineal viscoelastic properties of elastomers filled with soft magnetic particles. Three matrices [natural rubber (NR), high-temperature vulcanising silicone rubber (HTV-SR), and room-temperature vulcanising (RTV-SR)] and three volumetric particle contents (0%, 15%, and 30%) were studied. Anisotropic samples were synthesised with a softer matrix to obtain a larger magnetorheological (MR) effect, and the variation of their properties under an external magnetic field was examined. All samples were characterised within the lineal viscoelastic (LVE) region using a rheometer, because the MR effect is larger within this region. The influence of the matrix, particle content, and pre-structure on the viscoelastic properties of the synthesised samples was studied. The storage and loss modulus increased with the frequency owing to the viscoelastic behaviour of an elastomer in the rubbery phase. Both moduli also increased with the filler content. The influence of the filler is dependent on the matrix, and the maximum variation was seen in the NR-based samples. However, the maximum MR effect was seen in the samples with a softer matrix, and the effect was enhanced in the anisotropic samples. In this work, the MR effect on the loss modulus was studied, and the tendencies were found to be similar to those of the storage modulus. The main contribution of this work is that all dynamic behaviour results were comparable because all synthesis variables and characterisation conditions were identical. Therefore, how the particle content, frequency, and magnetic field affects each matrix can be studied.     

Preparation and properties of magnetorheological elastomers based on silicon rubber/polystyrene blend matrix

Magnetorheological (MR) elastomers, which are mainly composed of magnetic particles and elastic polymer, are a new kind of smart materials whose modulus can be controlled by changing the strength of magnetic fields. In this article, MR elastomers based on immiscible silicon rubber/polystyrene (SR/PS) blend matrix were fabricated successfully via cosolvent method and the MR effect, electric and mechanical properties, and the microstructures of the corresponding materials were studied. SEM studies showed that the dispersion of iron particles in blend matrix were different from that in single polymer, which could be further proved by the different electric conductivity. The MR effect of MR elastomers based on blend matrix varied with the different ratios of SR and PS, which was discussed in detail from the special dispersion of iron particles and of zero‐modulus of MR elastomers. In addition, the MR elastomers based on SR/PS blend matrix had enhanced mechanical properties, which made them more hopeful to be applied in practice. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 3143–3149, 2007     

用原位改性黑色页岩粉填充天然橡胶及其性能

采用X射线衍射、红外光谱等手段表征了黑色页岩粉,利用在天然橡胶中预先混入的硬脂酸于混炼过程中原位改性的方法制备了黑色页岩粉与炭黑复合填充的天然橡胶,研究了黑色页岩粉用量对天然橡胶硫化特性、力学性能和耐老化性能的影响,并用扫描电镜观察了复合材料断面的微观形貌。结果表明,用10份(质量,下同)硬脂酸原位改性的黑色页岩粉替代炭黑,与20份炭黑并用填充的天然橡胶表现出优于完全由炭黑填充者的拉伸性能和耐老化性能。在同等用量情况下(40份),填充有原位改性黑色页岩粉天然橡胶的硫化特性和力学性能均优于用传统方法改性黑色页岩粉填充的天然橡胶。     

Surface polymerization of iron particles for magnetorheological elastomers

Magnetorheological Elastomers (MREs) are synthesized from silicone RTV (room temperature vulcanizing) elastomer with magnetically soft iron particles. The iron particle concentration of the MREs is 70 wt %. To reduce the effect of oxidation on the MREs, the ATRP technique is used for surface polymerization of iron particles with fluorinated styrene as monomer. The mechanical properties of MREs are characterized using a mechanical testing instrument, and the surface coated polymer is characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray energy dispersive spectrometry (XEDS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and the alignment of iron particles within MRE was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The MRE samples are characterized using the mechanical testing instrument at 0 Tesla (off–state) and applied magnetic field from 0.46 Tesla to 0.62 Tesla (on–state). The required force at 0.62 Tesla increased approx. 3% to achieve 20% strain after 72 h of oxidation for surface coated MRE. On the other hand, the required force for non‐surface coated MREs at 0.62 Tesla increased up to 17% to achieve 20% strain after 72 h of oxidation. MREs with surface coated iron particles have higher oxidation stability based on the force–displacement test results, and MREs have excellent potential to be used as intelligent materials with high durability for a vibration isolator. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

Enhancement of the rheological properties of magnetorheological elastomer via polystyrene-grafted carbonyl iron particles

In this work, carbonyl iron particles (CIP) was grafted with polystyrene coating on its surface via polymerization method, and the coated-CIPs were then embedded into a silicone rubber with the ratio of 70:30 of CIP to silicone rubber in order to enhance the rheological properties of magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) in terms of lower initial storage modulus and higher MR effect. By using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) that is equipped with the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy for elemental analysis, it was observed that elements of C, N, O, Si, Fe, Br, Cu, and Sn were detected, confirming that the coating layer has been successfully developed on the CIP. Additionally, the investigation of the rheological characteristics was conducted at 25°C with three different sweep conditions using rheometer MCR 302. Firstly the strain amplitude was swept from 0.001% to 10% strain with 1 Hz frequency. Then, the frequency was varied from 1 Hz to 100 Hz under 0.01% strain at an applied current of 0–5 A. Lastly, the current was swept from 0 to 5 A under 0.01% strain amplitude and 1 Hz excitation frequency. It was discovered that the storage modulus of the polystyrene-coated CIP MRE is lower than that of uncoated-CIP MRE in all three sweep profiles. Advantageously, the magnetorheological (MR) effect of the coated-CIP MRE sample is higher than that of the uncoated-CIP MRE by 28.04%. Moreover, it was found that the coated-CIP MRE exhibited higher damping behavior with more than 0.14 loss factor than 0.12 loss factor of the uncoated sample. The dimensional stability of polystyrene coating on the CIP was an attributing factor to this enhanced damping behavior of the coated-CIP MRE. Thus, it became clear that the polystyrene-coated CIP embedment in MRE is more desirable than that of MRE with uncoated CIP.