红景天醇提物对乙醇诱导QZG细胞氧化损伤的保护作用

目的:研究乙醇对氧化应激损伤的作用特点和红景天醇提物的抗氧化作用.方法:采用DPPH自由基生成体系、体外鲁米诺化学发光反应(OH和O<,2><'+>)体系观察红景天醇提物对DPPH自由基、OH和O<,2><'+>化学发光强度的抑制作用以及剂量-效应关系.采用乙醇诱导人正常肝细胞系QZG细胞的氧化应激反应模型,观察红景天醇提物对乙醇诱导细胞活力和氧化应激损伤的保护作用.实验分设红景天醇提物3个不同浓度(50、100、200 mg/L)的预防给药组和治疗给药组、阳性对照组(200 mmol/乙醇干预)和阴性对照组(不加受试物).预防给药组用红景天醇提物预处理QZG细胞12 h后,再加入200 mmol/L乙醇处理6 h,治疗给药组采用红景天醇提物和乙醇同时处理QZG细胞6 h.用MTT试验和生化法测定细胞活力、细胞丙二醛(MDA)、还原型和氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSH、GSSG)和总巯基(T-SH)含量、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧阴离子歧化酶(SOD)活力;免疫印迹法检测细胞抗氧化酶血红素加氧酶-1(HO-1)和核因子相关因子2(NRF-2)蛋白的表达.结果:红景天醇提物对自由基的生成具有显著的抑制作用,呈现较为明显的剂量-效应关系;红景天醇提物可有效保护乙醇所致的肝细胞活力损伤,且治疗组具有明显的剂量-效应关系.与阳性对照组相比,红景天醇提物干预组细胞的MDA含量和GSSG含量下降(P<0.05),GSH和T-SH含量显著升高(P<0.05);CAT和SOD活性也显著升高(P<0.05).免疫印迹测定结果表明,红景天醇提物可以诱导HO-1蛋白和NRF-2蛋白表达上调(P<0.05).结论:红景天醇提物在体外自由基模型中具有较强的抗自由基作用,可保护乙醇导致的QZG细胞氧化损伤,其作用机制可能和抗氧化作用相关.     

无花果叶不同溶剂提取物抗氧化活性的比较研究

[目的]研究不同溶剂提取对无花果叶抗氧化能力的影响.[方法]以不同溶剂对无花果叶进行超声提取,比较各提取物抗猪油氧化及清除DPPH(1,1-Dipheny1-2-picrylhydrazyl)和ABTS[2,2-Azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)]自由基的能力.[结果]各提取物对猪油的抗氧化能力为:蒸馏水提取物>70%乙醇提取物>甲醇提取物>乙酸乙酯提取物>无水乙醇提取物;对DPPH和ABTS自由基的清除能力为:蒸馏水提取物>70%乙醇提取物>甲醇提取物>无水乙醇提取物>乙酸乙酯提取物,水提物清除DPPH的IC<,50>值为0.49 ms/ml,清除ABTS的IC<,50>值为1.54 mg/ml.[结论]无花果叶水提物具有较强的抗氧化性能,有开发功能性抗氧化剂的潜在价值.     

菲律宾蛤仔提取物提取条件优化及其体外清除自由基的作用

[目的]研究菲律宾蛤仔全脏器提取物体外对自由基的清除作用,为其综合利用提供基础.[方法]分别采用邻二氮菲-Fe<'2+> 氧化法、DPPH 反应法和邻苯三酚自氧化法,检测菲律宾蛤仔提取物体外对羟自由基(HO·)、DPPH·和超氧阴离子自由基(0<,2><'->·)的清除作用.[结果]以0.1 mol/L NaCl 溶液为浸提液,料液比为1:8,75 ℃水浴浸提100 min,提取液经透析浓缩,再以70%乙醇终浓度沉淀,提取物(PPS-O)的得率达到3.30%,总糖与可溶性蛋白含量分别为42.40%和14.40%.PPS-O 对HO·和 DPPH·清除作用的IC<,50>分别为3.100、3.500 mg/ml,对O<,2><'->·的清除率可达到39.4%.[结论]菲律宾蛤仔盐提取物具有一定的体外清除自由基作用.     

三七醇提物对大鼠肝组织体内外抗氧化作用的研究

目的:研究三七(panax notoginseng,PNG)醇提物对大鼠肝组织的体内外抗氧化作用.方法:采用羟自由基(·OH)和超氧阴离子自由基(O2-)两种化学发光体系,观察三七醇提物对化学发光强度的抑制作用;采用过氧基异丙苯(cumene hydroperoxide,CHP)、维生素C(VC)/硫酸亚铁(Fe2+)和四氯化碳(CCl)4/还原型辅酶Ⅱ(NADPH)作为激发剂,建立3种微粒体脂质过氧化(lipid peroxidation,LPO)损伤模型,观察三七醇提物对丙二醛(MDA)生成的抑制作用.用60Co γ射线辐照大鼠建立氧化损伤模型,观察三七醇提物对肝组织的氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)含量及活性的影响,以及对MDA生成的抑制作用.结果:在两种化学发光的体系中,三七醇提物对O2-和·OH的抑制率均显著高于阴性对照组(P<0.05),且呈明显剂量-效应关系,三七醇提物对O2-和·OH的IC50分别为1.25和0.625 mg/ml;3种LPO损伤模型中三七醇提物不同浓度组的MDA含量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);在体大鼠氧化损伤模型实验的肝组织中,三七醇提物不同剂量灌胃组[(50、225和450 mg/(kg·d)],其MDA的含量均较阳性对照组(仅做60Co γ照射)降低(P<0.05);225和450 mg/(kg·d)剂量组CAT活性较阳性对照组显著升高(P<0.05);其450mg/(kg·d)剂量组SOD的活性较阳性对照组显著升高(P<0.05);而225和450 mg/(kg·d)剂量组GSSG含量较阳性对照组显著降低(P<0.05).结论:三七醇提物对体外氧化损伤模型具有很强的抗氧化作用,对辐射引起的大鼠体内肝脏氧化损伤具有一定的抗氧化修复功效,并呈剂量-效应关系.     

北陆花青素的抗氧化作用

[目的]探讨北陆花青素的抗氧化作用.[方法]分别采用Fenton反应体系、邻苯三酚自氧化体系、亚油酸体系和普鲁士蓝法来测定北陆花青素对OH·和O<,2>·的清除作用、对脂质过氧化物的抑制作用及其还原能力进行评价,并以维生素c和葡萄籽花青素作为阳性时照.[结果]北陆花青紊的抗氧化能力高于葡萄籽花青素和维生素C,对OH·和O<,2>·具有很强的清除作用,其IC<,50>分别为0.345mg/ml和34.28μg/ml,对脂质过氧化物有明显的抑制作用并有较高的还原能力.[结论]北陆花青素是一种潜在的具有抗氧化活性的天然药物.     

花脸香蘑发酵物的体外抗氧化及抗肿瘤活性研究

[目的]测定花脸香蘑[Lepista sordida(Schumach.Fr.)Singer]发酵产物的体外抗氧化及抗肿瘤活性.[方法]利用不同溶剂对花脸香蘑发酵次生代谢物质进行了分级分离提取,用二苯基苦味酰基苯肼(DPPH)法检测各级分离物的抗氧化活性;用噻唑兰(MTT)法检测其体外抗肿瘤活性.[结果]固体发酵花脸香蘑乙酸乙酯相抗氧化活性最高,其次为发酵液乙酸乙酯相;花脸香蘑发酵液乙酸乙酯相抗肿瘤活性最高,对人宫颈癌细胞Hela的IC<,50>值为50μg/ml;菌丝提取物也表现出较强的抗氧化、抗肿瘤活性.[结论]该结果为进一步研究和开发利用花脸香蘑提供了新的科学依据.     

菜芙蓉醇提物金丝桃苷含量测定及对肿瘤细胞生长抑制作用

[目的]建立测定菜芙蓉(Abelmoschus manihot(L.)Medic)醇提物金丝桃苷含量的方法以及研究菜芙蓉醇提物对Hela肿瘤细胞生长的抑制效果.[方法]采用体积分数为80%的乙醇提取总黄酮,HPLC法测定菜芙蓉不同植株部位中金丝桃苷含量.色谱柱为伊利特C<,18>(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm),流动相为甲醇-0.05%磷酸溶液(V/VWV,60:40),流速为1.0 ml/min,柱温为25℃,检测波长为360 nm和进样量为10μl.另外,MIT法测定菜芙蓉提取物体外抗Hela肿瘤细胞活性.[结果]金丝桃苷在0.04～0.4 mg/ml范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.999 8.幕芙蓉不同部位金丝桃苷含量分布为:花>叶>茎>根>籽,花中平均含量最高达4.002%.平均回收率和RSD值分别为99.23%和1.08%(n=6).菜芙蓉黄酮提取物能够有效地抑制Hela细胞的生长,IC<,50>约为228 μg/ml.[结论]该方法准确、简便、重复性好,可作为菜芙蓉金丝桃苷定量分析方法;菜芙蓉总黄酮具有抑制肿瘤细胞生长的作用.     

芒果废弃物不同部位乙醇提取物DPPH·自由基清除能力的研究

[目的]为综合开发芒果资源.[方法]采用1,1-二苯基苦苯肼DPPH·自由基体系对芒果废弃物乙醇提取物进行体外抗氧化作用研究;以芦丁为对照品,三氯化铝显色,采用紫外分光光度法测定芒果废弃物不同部位乙醇提取物中总黄酮含量.[结果]芒果废弃物的乙醇提取物对 DPPH·具有明显的清除作用, 且随着芒果废弃物乙醇提取物浓度的提高, 其清除能力也相应增强.不同部位乙醇提取物自由基清除能力大小依次为果皮> 核仁> 核仁衣> 核壳,而不同部位的乙醇提取物中黄酮化合物含量由高到低为核仁衣、核壳、果皮、核仁.[结论]芒果废弃物各个部位具有开发成抗氧化功能因子潜在的利用价值.     

北五味子对小鼠学习记忆及脑SOD和MDA的影响

[目的]了解北五味子醇提取物对小鼠学习记忆能力及脑组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响.[方法]将健康昆明小鼠随机分为对照组和北五味子醇提取物低、中、高剂量组,连续灌胃28 d,通过Morris水迷宫试验检测小鼠学习记忆能力的变化;并测定小鼠脑组织SOD、MDA含量.[结果]北五味子提取物灌胃后经Morris水迷宫定位航行试验检测发现,第7、14、21天各组小鼠逃避潜伏期无显著差异(P>0.05),第28天高剂量组小鼠逃避潜伏期较对照组显著延长(P<0.05).各组小鼠脑组织SOD活力较对照组出现不同程度降低(P<0.05),MDA含量无显著差异(P>0.05).[结论]北五味子提取物对小鼠学习记忆能力可能没有明显影响,但可能影响脑组织中SOD含量.     

复合酶提取灵芝多糖工艺及其抗氧化能力研究

[目的]获得复合酶提取灵芝多糖的最佳工艺,探讨灵芝多糖的体外抗氧化能力.[方法]以多糖提取率为指标,在单因素试验的基础上,采用正交试验对复合酶用量配比、酶解条件进行优化;采用清除1,1-二苯基苦基苯肼(DPPH)自由基模型评价灵芝多糖的体外抗氧化能力.[结果]复合酶提取优于单酶提取,酶用量最佳配比为纤维素酶1.5%、木瓜蛋白酶0.8%、菠萝蛋白酶3.5%(质量分数,相对于底物浓度);最佳酶解条件为pH 5.5,温度50℃、酶解时间为100 min.复合酶提取的灵芝多糖具有良好的清除DPPH自由基作用,其清除能力优于水提灵芝多糖(P<0.01),且在浓度0.8～4.8 mg/ml范围内,其对DPPH自由基的清除率随浓度增大而增大.[结论]该研究为灵芝多糖的开发提供了科学依据.     

Benzimidazole resistance in cyathostomes in horses in the Ukraine

The efficacy of treatment with cambendazole was tested in 1-year-old horses on a farm in Dubrovka, Ukraine. Thirty-five horses were treated. Their egg output was compared on the day of treatment and 14 days later with that of 33 untreated horses. Before treatment the mean number of eggs g-1 faeces was 614 in the controls and 766 in horses that had been treated. After 14 days the mean egg output in the controls was 580 and in the treated horses 369. This means a reduction of 54.5%. Only cyathostome larvae could be cultured from faeces collected after treatment. It can be concluded that benzimidazole resistance in cyathostomes is present in the Ukraine.     

重庆高校推进产学研合作的案例分析

以重庆大学、重庆邮电大学和重庆理工大学为例,剖析重庆高校推进产学研合作的基本模式,已经取得的突出成绩,分析总结其基本经验.从完善政策法规体系、强化经济调控、建立组织机构、加强中介建设及开展国际产学研合作等方面,提出了深入推进重庆高校产学研合作的对策建议.     

Fractures in childhood in Khartoum

A prospective study of fractures in 231 children received at Khartoum North Teaching Hospital(KNTH) was carried out for a period of six months. The incidence of child fracture rated as one per day, then it increased from the age of 5 years onwards in boys and between 6 and 8 years in girls. Most injuries were sustained during the day time, especially between late afternoon and sunset. 82% of injured children presented to a medical facility, while 18% were taken to native healers first. Non-road traffic accidents accounted for 84% of the fractures mainly due to sports, domestic injuries and falls; whereas road traffic accidents were 16% and occurred mainly in pedestrians. Forty three percent of the fractures needed only first aid and splintage while 42% needed closed reduction. Thirty one percent of all patients were treated as inpatients. The long bones were affected in 91% of all fractures, the commonest site being the distal end of the forearm (26%), followed by supracondylar fracture of the humerus (15.6%). In the upper limb, left-sided fractures predominated. The epiphyseal injuries were 3.5% of all fractures, mainly at the distal radial epiphysis. Boys were commonly affected between 13-15 years of age. Open fractures constituted 9.8% of the series and were mainly due to traffic accidents in town dwellers, the most vulnerable bones were those of the leg and foot. Pathological fractures accounted for 2.2% and were due to bone cysts and osteogenesis imperfecta. The problem of child safety and the preventive measures need to be more stressed.     

Apoptosis in experimental myocardial infarction in situ and in the perfused heart in vitro

We report the appearance of apoptotic cells in experimental myocardial infarction (rabbit heart) in in situ and in vitro preparations. Apoptosis was recognized by intravital staining with Hoechst 33342 (Ho342), by nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and by DNA laddering. A steady rise in the relative number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes (apoptotic index) was noted in in situ preparations. Apoptosis was first noted 6 h after the onset of ischemia with its highest value occurring after 72 h. Apoptotic nuclei were absent in remote areas of the left and right ventricles. Apoptotic nuclei within the infarcted area showed diminished intensity of Ho342 fluorescence. Three days after ischemia, a border zone adjacent to the infarcted area consisting of apoptotic macrophages was recognized. A novel finding was the appearance of apoptotic cardiomyocytes in the isolated perfused ischemic heart. Occurring as early as 50 min after the onset of ischemia, a high apoptotic index was present adjacent to the ligature placed around the coronary artery. This observation provides the opportunity to selectively examine factors leading to apoptosis in the ischemic heart under controlled experimental conditions.     

Problems in falling in love

Certain patients enter psychoanalysis because of their inability to love another person. Often they report a repetitive erotic pursuit of desired partners, without being able to experience or maintain loving feelings. Kernberg has understood such difficulties as representing effects of early narcissistic disappointments and/or of difficulties in resolving oedipal conflicts. In this paper, Lacanian concepts of the mirror phase and symbolic love are employed to develop these issues. Sexualization of problems in mirroring may be fused with oedipal conflicts in some cases. An extended vignette is presented to illustrate the technical and theoretical issues.