MoO3的复合改性及光致发光与光催化性质

采用室温液相陈化法制备了复合WO3的MoO3粉体,利用XRD、XPS、UV-Vis和PL光谱对合成产物进行了表征,以太阳光为光源对有机染料结晶紫进行了光催化降解研究。UV-Vis漫反射光谱和PL光谱分析结果表明,适量WO3的复合,能够改善MoO3对光的吸收,降低MoO3的PL光谱强度;当WO3复合量为5%时,复合物的PL光谱强度最低,结晶紫溶液的脱色率为89.12%,COD去除率为87.2%。     

钨酸锶微米球的溶剂热合成及其光催化降解除草剂的实验研究

通过溶剂热法成功合成了钨酸锶微米球,利用X-射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、傅立叶转换红外线光谱分析(FTIR)等测试手段,对合成产物的结构和形貌进行了表征。以钨酸锶为光催化剂,研究了除草剂特丁噻草隆的降解性能,考察了光源、催化剂、Fe3+、天然沸石负载等因素对除草剂降解率的影响。结果表明,添加Fe3+、负载天然沸石均明显提高除草剂的降解效果。当Fe3+浓度为1.5×10-3mmol/L时,降解率达96.2%;天然沸石负载量40%时,降解率为93.3%。     

氧化锌的制备及其光催化性能研究

本文以醋酸锌和氢氧化钠为原料,以聚乙二醇(PEG)作为活性剂,水热法制备出粒径均匀的氧化锌,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)对ZnO的形貌、结构进行了表征,以纳米氧化锌作为光催化剂对有机染料罗丹明B进行了光催化降解实验,结果表明,制备的ZnO具有良好的光催化性能.     

SnO2/TiO2纳米复合物的制备及光催化性质

采用溶胶-凝胶法,以钛酸四丁酯和二氯化锡为原料,加入CTAB作软模板,制备SnO2/TiO2纳米复合物.分别用SEM、XRD、IR、UV-Vis等手段对产物进行表征,所得产物晶粒由锐钛矿相的TiO2和金红石相的SnO2组成.以亚甲基蓝和茜素红为模拟污染物,研究其催化活性,结果表明SnO2/TiO2纳米复合物具有较好的光催化活性.     

水解沉淀法制备纳米ZnO及其光催化性能研究

论述了以ZnSO4为主盐NH4HCO3为沉淀剂采用水解沉淀法制备纳米ZnO粉末，用X射线衍射和分光光度法研究了粉料的特征及光催化性能。结果表明：反应温度为80℃，反应时间为2h，煅烧温度为600℃可制备纳米级的ZnO粉末，平均粒径为32nm；水溶液中甲基橙在ZnO光照催化下，能迅速分解，在降解120min时，甲基橙的降解率达到88．1％。     

ZnO/AC复合物的制备及其光催化性能研究

以Zn（NO3）2和Na2CO3为原料,采用直接沉淀与吸附法在粉末活性碳表面负载了ZnO纳米颗粒,制备了ZnO/AC复合光催化剂,并采用XRD,SEM等进行了表征。分别采用紫外光和可见光对10 mg.L^-1的甲基橙溶液进行光降解实验,结果表明：随着ZnO纳米颗粒负载量的增大,光催化活性先提高,然后有所下降。当ZnO与活性碳质量比为0.2时,复合光催化剂具有很高的光催化活性。     

钴掺杂氧化锌纳米材料的制备、表征及可见光光催化性能研究

以六水合硝酸锌（Zn（NO3）2·6H2O）,四水合醋酸钴（Co（CH3COO）2·4H2O）,草酸（C2H2O4·2H2O）和氨水（NH3·H2O,25％）为原料,采用直接沉淀法制备了钴掺氧化锌纳米材料,并用x射线衍射,紫外一可见吸收光谱,透射电子显微镜以及能量色散型x射线谱（EDS）对其进行了表征。用钨灯作为光源,黄药为降解物,研究了钴掺氧化锌纳米材料的光催化性能,实验结果表明,钴离子掺杂提高了ZnO的光催化活性,当钴离子摩尔掺杂量为5％时,光生电子一空穴的复合得到了有效抑制,从而具有最高的黄药降解效率。     

Ti/Ce复合氧化物的制备与光催化研究

采用异相成核-沉淀法制备Ti/Ce复合氧化物。燃烧法制得的氧化铈和氧化钛与沉淀法制得的碳酸钛和碳酸铈进行复合。经煅烧制得Ti/Ce复合氧化物,所制样品用XRD、IR、UV-vis、SEM进行了表征。用上述制备的复合氧化物进行光催化实验,考察了催化剂的用量,溶液的酸度,双氧水的加入量,离心机的转数,催化时间对光催化效果的影响,得出最佳光催化条件:TiO2/CeO2复合氧化物光催化条件为pH=8,催化剂用量1 g/L,1000 r/min,不加双氧水,240 min光催化完毕;CeO2/TiO2复合氧化物催化条件为pH=9,催化剂用量2 g/L,1500 r/min,不加双氧水,300min光催化完毕。     

铝酸镱掺杂二氧化钛复合物的制备及光催化降解有机染料的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备YbAlO3/TiO2复合物,在可见光的照射下,考察了孔雀石绿的降解效果,并利用X-射线衍射(XRD)对光催化剂进行了表征,同时讨论了影响孔雀石绿降解的主要因素:YbAlO3/TiO2的煅烧温度、煅烧时间以及用量、可见光照射时间等。实验结果表明,YbAlO3掺杂TiO2在150 min孔雀石绿的降解率达到96.40%,表现出更好的光催化活性。     

高分子网络凝胶法制备纳米ZnO及其光催化性能研究

以Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O为原料,丙烯酰胺为单体,N,N'—亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为网络剂,采用高分子网络凝胶法在550℃下制得纳米ZnO。通过XRD物相分析,产物为六方晶系;TEM形貌观察,粒子基本为球形,平均粒径为20～30nm;红外光谱分析高分子的分解程度,在通氧的情况下,550℃分解完全。并利用以上三种分析方法,得到单体与网络剂的最佳质量配比为5∶1。水溶液中次甲基蓝染料在ZnO半导体光催化条件下,能迅速分解,在降解3h时,对次甲基蓝的降解率达到85%。     

Rietveld refinement and optical properties of SrWO4:Eu3+powders prepared by the non-hydrolytic sol-gel method

We investigated the effect of annealing time on the structure and optical properties of Sr WO4:Eu3+powders prepared by the non-hydrolytic sol-gel method and heat treated at 800 oC for 2,4,8 and 16 h.Thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses revealed that Sr WO4:Eu3+powders were obtained at about 800 oC.X-ray diffraction patterns and Rietveld refinement data confirmed that all powders had a scheelite-type tetragonal structure.Micro-Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectra indicated structural order at short range and anti-symmetric stretching vibrations of O–W–O bonds associated with tetrahedral[WO4]clusters.Optical properties were investigated by ultraviolet-visible(UV-vis)diffuse reflectance,and photoluminescence(PL)data which provided the evolution of quantum efficiency(η)and lifetime(τ).UV-vis spectroscopy evidenced intermediate energy levels within the band gap of Sr WO4:Eu3+powders.PL properties validated that the Eu3+electric-dipole(5D0→7F2)transition in PL emission spectra was dominant which proved that Eu3+ions were positioned in a site without an inversion center.[(5D0→7F2)/(5D0→7F1)]band ratios showed that Eu3+ions were located in a low symmetry environment.The PL emission,ηandτproved the dependence on the annealing time in the behavior of Sr WO4:Eu3+powders with a higher relative emission PL intensity as well as higherηandτvalues related to other samples when heat treated at 800 oC for 8 h.     

微波水热法制备棒状BiPO4催化剂及其光催化性能研究

通过采用微波水热法和沉淀法制备了BiPO₄光催化剂,并且用400 W金卤灯模拟太阳光,探究了2种方法制备的BiPO₄光催化降解酸性橙Ⅱ和亚甲基蓝的活性.主要是对微波水热法制备的BiPO₄进行研究.应用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱（UV-vis DRS）、傅立叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）对催化剂进行表征.紫外漫反射图谱可以看出,微波水热法制备的BiPO₄的带隙为4.05 eV,比普通沉淀法制出的样品带隙窄.其光催化降解酸性橙Ⅱ和亚甲基蓝的测试表明,微波水热法样品的降解速率常数分别是普通沉淀法的7.8倍和1.5倍,光催化活性有显著提高.      

Enhanced photocatalytic activities of Nd-doped TiO_2 under visible light using a facile sol-gel method

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles modified with neodymium in the range of 1 mol% to 5 mol% were prepared with template-free sol-gel method.The structures of obtained samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction analysis.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy.The photocatalytic activity of the obtained samples was evaluated by photodegradation of methyl orange in aqueous solution under ultraviolet-visible(λ 350 nm) and visible(λ 420 nm) irradiation.The experimental results show that the 1 mol% Nd-doped TiO_2 exhibits the highest photocatalytic activity,of which the degradation can reach to 96.5% under visible irradiation.According to the XRD results,the pristine samples are combined with anatase TiO_2 and rutile TiO_2.while the Nd-doped TiO_2 samples are anatase TiO_2 only.This transformation has made an obvious promotion of photocatalyst activity after modification.     

NaOH-C-PbSO_4-ZnO体系热力学分析及验证

对NaOH-C-PbS0_4-ZnO低温碱性炼铅体系进行热力学分析,计算了在600~1 200 K温度下体系中主要反应的标准吉布斯自由能变化值(△G_T~θ),并绘制相应的△G_T~θ-T图。结果表明,在温度低于1 200 K的还原气氛条件下,PbSO_4可以被还原成金属Pb,ZnO能够发生固硫反应生成ZnS,钠盐可转变成碳酸钠形态存在。该体系在不同温度下的热力学平衡试验结果表明,温度为1 123 K(850℃)时,体系中的稳定物相以金属铅、硫化锌和碳酸钠为主。试验结果与热力学分析相符合。     

Enhanced photocatalytic activity of Ce-doped ZnO nanopowders synthesized by combustion method

Facile and fast combustion method was used to synthesize Zn O and Ce-doped Zn O(CZO) nanocrystalline powders photocatalysts with different cerium concentrations(0.5 wt.%–10.0 wt.%) followed by calcination at 700 oC for 3 h. The prepared samples were characterized by a variety of characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) combined with energy dispersive X-ray diffraction(EDX), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), UV-visible spectroscopy, BET surface area analyser and photoluminescence spectroscopy(PL), to study the crystal structure, surface morphology, chemical composition and optical properties. It was observed from XRD results that synthesized powders had hexagonal wurtzite structure with the smallest crystallite size about 13 nm. Absorption spectra showed that cerium doping enhanced the light absorption properties towards the visible light region. Photoluminescence spectra for Ce-doped Zn O samples exhibited relatively weak near band edge(NBE) emission peaks as compared to that of pristine Zn O. The photocatalytic activities of the prepared samples were evaluated by photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B(Rh B) under UV light and visible light(λ≥420 nm) irradiation. The textile mill effluent containing organic matters was also treated under sunlight using photocatalysis and the reduction in the chemical oxygen demand(COD) of the treated effluent revealed a complete destruction of the organic molecules along with colour removal. The results showed that the CZO photocatalyst doped with 3.0 wt.% cerium exhibited four times enhanced photocatalytic activity compared to pure Zn O. The enhanced photocatalytic activity could be attributed to extended visible light absorption and inhibition of the electron-hole pair’s recombination.     

Facile synthesis of nanoceria by a molten hydroxide method and its photocatalytic properties

Ceria nanoparticles were facilely synthesized by a molten NaOH-KOH hydroxide flux method with the precursor of Ce(NO_3)_3·6H_2O under different conditions in alumina crucibles or Teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave.The XRD patterns and TEM images show that both the crystal and particle sizes of synthesized nanoceria are around 10 nm.XPS results reveal that the nanoceria obtained in alumina crucible has a Ce~(3+) fraction of 17.1% which is higher than that of ceria synthesized in the Teflon vessel,the FTIR spectra of nanoceria prepared in alumina crucible show a stronger intensity of O-H stretching mode.UV-DRS and PL spectra results show that the nanoceria synthesized in alumina crucible with a calculated band gap of 2.9 eV has a wider responding light wavelength and a lower photogene rated electron-hole recombination rate,due to a higher concentration of oxygen vacancies(Ce~(3+)%).The photocatalytic results show that the degradation ratio and rate of the Rhodamine B(RhB) solution with the nanoceria synthesized in alumina crucible are 98.39% and 0.02919 min~(-1),both of which are larger than those of the ceria obtained from Teflon vessel.This method proves to be a simple and scalable way to synthesize nanoceria with rich oxygen vacancies and high photocatalytic activity.     

微波水热法快速合成氧化锌纳米棒及其光催化性能

以硫酸锌、醋酸锌和氢氧化锌为原料,制备出氢氧化锌前驱体和氧化锌晶种,在微波水热条件下快速合成了氧化锌纳米棒。通过X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）和紫外?可见分光光度计（UV-vis）对氧化锌纳米棒的形貌、结构和光学性质等进行了表征,并通过降解罗丹明B（RhB）测试了样品的光催化性能,探讨了微波辐射作用对产物的催化活性的影响。实验结果表明,氢氧化锌作为前驱体在微波作用下30 min,生成为基于氧化锌纳米棒自组装的三维笼状结构,与常规方法制备的氧化锌纳米棒相比,微波辐射作用下生成的样品结晶度更高。紫外?可见分光光度计结果表明微波辐射会导致合成的氧化锌纳米棒吸收边红移,缩小带隙能量,从而提升氧化锌纳米棒的催化活性。光催化测试表明微波辅助合成的氧化锌纳米棒具有更好的可见光吸收特性,在紫外和可见光照射下,对罗丹明B都具有较好的降解效率,在紫外光照射下80 min内罗丹明B的降解率可达到98.5%。这种微波辅助的合成方法能够在短时间内合成大量的氧化锌纳米材料,具有高效批量制备、清洁环保等优点。      

Inhibition of murine hepatic cytochrome P450 activities by natural and synthetic phenolic compounds

1. The effect of the phenolic compounds protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, tannic acid, gallates and silybin on ethoxyresorufin O-dealkylase (CYP1A1), methoxyresorufin O-dealkylase (CYP1A2) and pentoxy-O-dealkylase (CYP2B) was examined in mouse liver microsomes from induced animals. 2. All compounds tested could inhibit cytochrome P450-mediated enzyme activities, but to different extents. Tannic acid was the most potent inhibitor, especially toward EROD activity with an IC50=2.6 microM. Synthetic dodecyl gallate was also relatively selective toward this enzyme activity with an IC50=120 microM. 3. Protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic and silybin were more selective towards PROD and MROD activities. Their relative inhibitory potency for PROD activity was as follows: chlorogenic acid > protocatechuic acid > silybin > dodecyl gallate > propyl gallate. Protocatechuic acid was a more effective inhibitor of MROD activity than chlorogenic acid, and propyl gallate more effective than dodecyl gallate. Thus, no clear structure-activity or selectivity relationship was observed. 4. Analysis of the kinetics of inhibition revealed that the inhibition in most cases was non-competitive in nature.     

Enhancement of the biodegradability of model wastewater containing recalcitrant or inhibitory chemical compounds by photocatalytic pre-oxidation

Aminopyrine, antipyrine and trimethadione have been widely used for some time as probe drugs to assess non-selective P450 liver function. They have proved useful in evaluating pre- and post-operative liver function when performing surgery, transplantations, etc., in addition to a general evaluation of liver function and drug interactions. Progress has recently been made both in these non-selective P450 function tests and in the analysis of drug-metabolizing enzymes at a molecular level, which has resulted in more selective P450 function tests. The caffeine (CYP1 A2), chlorzoxazone (CYP2E1), lidocaine (CYP3 A) and midazolam (CYP3 A) function tests and the erythromycin breath test (CYP3 A) are currently being used as specific probes. The future use of these tests needs to be discussed in terms of potential clinical implications.     

4-氨基安替比林分光光度法测定水中挥发酚的不确定度评定

用4-氨基安替比林分光光度法测定水中挥发酚含量并对测定结果的不确定度进行评定。通过对测定过程中的各种不确定度分析,得到了测定结果的不确定度主要由测量的重复性、工作曲线和标准溶液引入的不确定度组成,其他方面引入的不确定度较小,在实际评定中可以忽略。最后给出了扩展不确定度。