红景天醇提物对乙醇诱导QZG细胞氧化损伤的保护作用

目的:研究乙醇对氧化应激损伤的作用特点和红景天醇提物的抗氧化作用.方法:采用DPPH自由基生成体系、体外鲁米诺化学发光反应(OH和O<,2><'+>)体系观察红景天醇提物对DPPH自由基、OH和O<,2><'+>化学发光强度的抑制作用以及剂量-效应关系.采用乙醇诱导人正常肝细胞系QZG细胞的氧化应激反应模型,观察红景天醇提物对乙醇诱导细胞活力和氧化应激损伤的保护作用.实验分设红景天醇提物3个不同浓度(50、100、200 mg/L)的预防给药组和治疗给药组、阳性对照组(200 mmol/乙醇干预)和阴性对照组(不加受试物).预防给药组用红景天醇提物预处理QZG细胞12 h后,再加入200 mmol/L乙醇处理6 h,治疗给药组采用红景天醇提物和乙醇同时处理QZG细胞6 h.用MTT试验和生化法测定细胞活力、细胞丙二醛(MDA)、还原型和氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSH、GSSG)和总巯基(T-SH)含量、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧阴离子歧化酶(SOD)活力;免疫印迹法检测细胞抗氧化酶血红素加氧酶-1(HO-1)和核因子相关因子2(NRF-2)蛋白的表达.结果:红景天醇提物对自由基的生成具有显著的抑制作用,呈现较为明显的剂量-效应关系;红景天醇提物可有效保护乙醇所致的肝细胞活力损伤,且治疗组具有明显的剂量-效应关系.与阳性对照组相比,红景天醇提物干预组细胞的MDA含量和GSSG含量下降(P<0.05),GSH和T-SH含量显著升高(P<0.05);CAT和SOD活性也显著升高(P<0.05).免疫印迹测定结果表明,红景天醇提物可以诱导HO-1蛋白和NRF-2蛋白表达上调(P<0.05).结论:红景天醇提物在体外自由基模型中具有较强的抗自由基作用,可保护乙醇导致的QZG细胞氧化损伤,其作用机制可能和抗氧化作用相关.     

川芎提取物的多模型体系抗氧化活性测定

目的:研究川芎醇提物和水提物在几种自由基体外模型中的抗氧化作用位点与活性强度,以及此两种提取物在小鼠氧化损伤模型中的综合抗氧化作用.方法:建立DPPH体系,观察川芎醇提物和水提物对DPPH自由基的清除率;建立OH和O<,2><'->化学发光体系观察川芎的两种提取物对发光强度的抑制作用;采用CHP、Vc,Fe<'2+>和CCl<,4>/NADP<'+>作为激发剂,建立微粒体脂质过氧化(LPO)损伤模型,观察川芎两种提取物对MDA生成的抑制作用.建立小鼠氧化损伤模型,观察川芎两种提取物对SOD和CAT蛋白表达水平的影响,以及对MDA生成的抑制作用.结果:在DPPH体系中,川芎的醇和水两种提取物对DPPH的清除率均显著高于对照组(P<0.01),且呈明显剂量-效应关系,川芎醇提物和水提物对DPPH的IC<,50>,分别为3.47和6.19 mg/ml;在两种化学发光体系中,川芎的醇提物和水提物对O<,2><'->和OH的清除率均显著高于对照组(P<0.01),且呈明显剂量-效应关系,川芎醇提物对O<,2><'->和OH的IC<,50>分别为2.56和4.21 mg/ml,水提物对O<,2><'->和OH为2.34和2.80ml;3种LPO损伤模型中川芎两种提取物各浓度组的MDA含量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);在体内实验中,与对照组相比,川芎水提物和醇提物组均明显降低肝组织和血清内MDA的含量(P<0.05);川芎水提物和醇提物能明显提高肝组织内SOD蛋白表达水平;川芎醇提物可以提高肝组织内CAT蛋白表达水平.结论:川芎提取物在几种体外模型和体内模型中均具有较好的抗氧化作用.     

维生素A和E抗辐射氧化损伤作用的研究

目的:探讨维生素A(vitamin A,VA)和维生素E(vitamin E,VE)抗辐射氧化损伤的相互作用.方法:实验分为VA、VE抗辐射氧化损伤实验和VA、VE联合应用抗辐射氧化损伤实验.前者设阴性对照组、阳性对照组、VA(30mg/kg)组、VE(30 mg/kg)组及VA+VE半量(均为15 mg/kg)联合用药组.各组大鼠每天用受试物灌胃1次,连续灌胃6d,第7天除阴性对照组外其它各组大鼠均以6Gy的60Co照射,再继续灌胃3 d后处死大鼠,取血、脑和肝组织,测定MDA、SOD、CAT等指标.VA、VE联合应用抗辐射氧化损伤实验设阴性对照组、阳性对照组、VE组(30 mg/kg)、VE(30 mg/kg)与4个不同VA剂量(分别为2.5、5、10、20 mg/kg)的联合应用组,共7组.各组大鼠的处理同前述.结果:与阳性对照相比,单独补充VA、VE均可以对辐射损伤产生一定的保护作用,血清、脑、肝脏的MDA含量均显著降低(P均<0.05),各种抗氧化酶活性均显著升高(P均<0.05).与阴性对照组比较,固定VE剂量(30mg/kg)与不同VA剂量联合应用时,大鼠血清、脑、肝脏的MDA含量均显著增加,CAT和SOD活性降低,脑、肝脏组织中VE含量显著减少(P均<0.05),并具有一定的剂量-效应关系.VA、VE联合应用时产生的抗氧化作用明显弱于VA、VE单独使用的效果.结论:维生素A和维生素E均具有抗辐射氧化损伤的作用,但在一定的剂量下,VA、VE联合应用可以产生拮抗作用.     

苯并(a)芘和滴滴涕联合暴露对小鼠肝脏细胞凋亡的影响

目的:探讨不同剂量苯并(a)芘[benzo(a)pyrene,B(a)P]、滴滴涕(chlomphenothane,DDT)单独及联合暴露对小鼠肝脏细胞的毒性效应.方法:成年雌性昆明种小鼠66只,随机分为11组:分别为0.5、5、50 mg/(kg·d)B(a)P染毒组,0.025、0.25、2.5mg/(kg·d)DDT染毒组,0.5 mg/(kg·d)B(a)P+0.025 mg/(kg·d)DDT联合染毒组,5 mg/(kg·d)B(a)P+0.25 mg/(kg·d)DDT联合染毒组,50 mg/(kg·d)B(a)P+2.5 mg/(kg·d)DDT联合染毒组,空白对照组(正常饲养)和溶剂对照组(植物油处理).染毒组用含B(a)P、DDT的食用油进行腹腔注射,每天1次,连续21 d,于末次给药24 h后处死小鼠.取肝脏制作冰冻切片,利用原位缺口末端标记(terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling,TUNEL)法检测肝细胞凋亡情况.结果:5和50 mg/(kg·d)B(a)P染毒组小鼠肝脏细胞凋亡率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),且50 mg/(kg·d)剂量组显著高于0.5和5 mg/(ks·d)剂量组(P<0.05);各DDT染毒组与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);各浓度联合染毒组小鼠肝脏细胞凋亡率均高于对照组(P<0.01),各联合染毒组细胞凋亡率间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),联合染毒组细胞凋亡率和相应的B(a)P染毒组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:B(a)P的单独暴露以及与DDT的联合暴露均可导致小鼠肝脏细胞凋亡的发生,并可能引发其他毒性效应.     

烧烤食品和啤酒对大鼠肝脏抗氧化系统的影响

[目的]为促进人们科学饮食提供参考.[方法]用烧烤食品和啤酒喂养大鼠,以非烧烤食品和纯净水喂养的大鼠为对照组,利用分光光度法对烧烤食品和啤酒对大鼠肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、清除·OH自由基能力、还原力及丙二醛(MDA)含量影响进行分析.[结果]烧烤食品和啤酒会降低大鼠肝脏抗氧化能力,其中SOD活性极显著降低,CAT活性显著降低,清除·OH自由基能力和还原力减弱,但与对照差异不显著,MDA含量极显著增加.[结论]大量食用烧烤食品和啤酒会使肝脏抗氧化能力减弱,氧化性损伤增加,因此应适当减少食用烧烤和啤酒,同时补充一些天然抗氧化剂有益于健康.     

气管滴注大气可吸入颗粒物对大鼠的系统性氧化应激作用

目的:探讨大气可吸入颗粒物对大鼠的氧化应激作用.方法:将24只体重为320～360 g的雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为4组,即生理盐水对照组和颗粒物低、中、高剂量组(3.75、7.5、15 mg/kg).染毒采用一次性气管滴注颗粒物,24 h后处死动物,测定血液中的超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性和丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量,以及心肺组织中SOD活性、MDA和蛋白羰基(protein carbonyl)的含量.结果:与对照组相比,各染毒组大鼠血液中SOD活性降低,中、高剂量组的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);血液中MDA含量升高,高剂量组的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);各染毒组大鼠心肺组织高剂量组的SOD活性降低,且差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);肺脏MDA水平升高,中、高剂量组的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);心脏MDA水平升高,高剂量组的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);肺脏蛋白羰基含量升高,高剂量组的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),心脏蛋白羰基含量无明显改变.结论:大气可吸入颗粒物能引起大鼠体内氧化和抗氧化系统的失衡,产生氧化应激效应,膜脂质较蛋白质更易受到氧化应激的作用.     

人参三七提取物抗疲劳作用的研究

[目的]研究人参三七提取物缓解体力疲劳的作用,为进一步开发利用人参三七提供试验依据.[方法]将小鼠分为4批,每批48只,随机分为4组,分别为对照组和50、100、300 mg/kg 3个给药组,各组小鼠经口灌胃给药30 d后,分别测定其负重游泳时间及血清尿素氮、血乳酸、肝糖原含量.[结果]100和300 mg/kg 剂量组人参三七提取物小鼠负重游泳时间显著长于对照组(P<0.01),血清中尿素氮含量显著低于对照组(P<0.01;P<0.05),小鼠肝糖原水平明显高于对照组(P<0.01;P<0.05);小鼠游泳后血乳酸含量显著低于对照组(P<0.01;P<0.05).[结论]人参三七提取物具有缓解体力疲劳的作用.     

胡桃楸水提物的遗传毒性及抗诱变作用研究

目的:探讨胡桃楸水提物(juglans mandshurica maxim extract,JMME)的抗诱变作用,及评价胡桃楸是否具有遗传毒性.方法:取80只昆明小鼠,随机分成不同JMME剂量的诱变组(6.55、13.09、26.18 g/kg,分别为1/8、1/4、1/2 LD50),不同剂量的JMME与环磷酰胺(cyclophosphamide,CP)(0.04 g/kg)联合应用的抗诱变组,阴性对照组(Ns)和阳性对照组(CP,0.04 g/kg),共8组,每组10只.采用小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验(MNT)检测JMME是否具有遗传毒性及抗诱变作用.结果:阳性对照组微核发生率(28.82‰)明显高于阴性对照组(2.65‰),其差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01),而JMME各剂量组与阴性对照组间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).抗诱变各组的微核发生率与阳性对照组比较,除JMME低剂量组(6.55 g/kg)无统计学意义外(P>0.05),JMME中剂量组(13.09 g/kg)和高剂量组(26.18 g/kg)均显著低于阳性对照组(P<0.05),其中高剂量组明显低于中剂量组(P<0.05).结论:在本实验条件下,JMME无遗传毒性,JMME对CP诱发的微核率,具有一定抵抗作用,且呈量-效关系.     

氯化镉对裸鼠皮下移植人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞的抑制作用及其对线粒体酶的影响

目的:研究氯化镉对裸鼠皮下移植人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞的抑制作用及对线粒体乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、ATP酶活性的影响,阐明氯化镉抑制肿瘤生长的机制.方法:建立人肝癌裸鼠皮下荷瘤模型,分别腹腔注射生理盐水(阴性对照组)、5-氟尿嘧啶(阳性对照组)、氯化镉0.5、1.0和2.0 mg·kg-1(氯化镉组),10 d后测定荷瘤体积、脏器指数和血清ALT、AST水平及荷瘤组织线粒体LDH、ATP酶的活性.结果:与阳性对照组比较,氯化镉0.5、1.0和2.0 mg·kg-1组肿瘤抑制率增加,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);各组脏器指数变化不明显,其中氯化镉各剂量组肾脏指数高于阳性对照组(P<0.05);与阴性对照组比较,氯化镉各剂量组ALT水平及LDH酶活性显著降低(P<0.05),0.5和1.0 mg·kg-1组AST水平显著降低(P<0.05);1.0和2.0 mg·kg-1组Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase活性与阴性对照组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),0.5和2.0 mg·kg-1组Na+-K+-ATPase活性与阳性对照组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:氯化镉可能干扰线粒体能量代谢,并通过线粒体途径抑制肿瘤生长.     

过量维生素E摄入对大鼠脂代谢的影响

目的:探讨摄入大剂量维生素E(VE)对大鼠脂代谢的影响,为VE摄入限量值的确定提供实验依据.方法:28只成年健康雌性Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组、低剂量VE组(400 mg·kg-1)、中剂量VE组(800 mg·kg-1)和高剂量VE组(1600 mg·kg-1),每天定时采用灌胃方法给予VE,定期根据体质量调整剂量,给药16 d后,经眼球采血,检测血清中总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)和高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)等生化指标;处死大鼠取肝、肾、脾,计算上述脏器的脏体比.结果:与正常对照组比较,低、中和高剂量VE组大鼠饮水、进食量减少,状态及活动欠佳;与正常对照组和低剂量VE组比较,中、高剂量VE组大鼠体质量降低(P<0.05);与正常对照组比较,VE各剂量组大鼠肝/体比、肾/体比和脾/体比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).与正常对照组比较,中、高剂量VE组大鼠血清中TC、TG和HDL-C水平均显著降低(P<0.05);与低剂量VE组比较,中、高剂量VE组TC、TG和HDL-C水平均显著降低(P<0.05);中、高剂量VE组之间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:大剂量VE抑制大鼠的生长,过量口服会降低体内HDL-C、TC和TG的合成,不利于脂代谢,提示不建议大量补充VE.     

Benzimidazole resistance in cyathostomes in horses in the Ukraine

The efficacy of treatment with cambendazole was tested in 1-year-old horses on a farm in Dubrovka, Ukraine. Thirty-five horses were treated. Their egg output was compared on the day of treatment and 14 days later with that of 33 untreated horses. Before treatment the mean number of eggs g-1 faeces was 614 in the controls and 766 in horses that had been treated. After 14 days the mean egg output in the controls was 580 and in the treated horses 369. This means a reduction of 54.5%. Only cyathostome larvae could be cultured from faeces collected after treatment. It can be concluded that benzimidazole resistance in cyathostomes is present in the Ukraine.     

重庆高校推进产学研合作的案例分析

以重庆大学、重庆邮电大学和重庆理工大学为例,剖析重庆高校推进产学研合作的基本模式,已经取得的突出成绩,分析总结其基本经验.从完善政策法规体系、强化经济调控、建立组织机构、加强中介建设及开展国际产学研合作等方面,提出了深入推进重庆高校产学研合作的对策建议.     

Fractures in childhood in Khartoum

A prospective study of fractures in 231 children received at Khartoum North Teaching Hospital(KNTH) was carried out for a period of six months. The incidence of child fracture rated as one per day, then it increased from the age of 5 years onwards in boys and between 6 and 8 years in girls. Most injuries were sustained during the day time, especially between late afternoon and sunset. 82% of injured children presented to a medical facility, while 18% were taken to native healers first. Non-road traffic accidents accounted for 84% of the fractures mainly due to sports, domestic injuries and falls; whereas road traffic accidents were 16% and occurred mainly in pedestrians. Forty three percent of the fractures needed only first aid and splintage while 42% needed closed reduction. Thirty one percent of all patients were treated as inpatients. The long bones were affected in 91% of all fractures, the commonest site being the distal end of the forearm (26%), followed by supracondylar fracture of the humerus (15.6%). In the upper limb, left-sided fractures predominated. The epiphyseal injuries were 3.5% of all fractures, mainly at the distal radial epiphysis. Boys were commonly affected between 13-15 years of age. Open fractures constituted 9.8% of the series and were mainly due to traffic accidents in town dwellers, the most vulnerable bones were those of the leg and foot. Pathological fractures accounted for 2.2% and were due to bone cysts and osteogenesis imperfecta. The problem of child safety and the preventive measures need to be more stressed.     

Apoptosis in experimental myocardial infarction in situ and in the perfused heart in vitro

We report the appearance of apoptotic cells in experimental myocardial infarction (rabbit heart) in in situ and in vitro preparations. Apoptosis was recognized by intravital staining with Hoechst 33342 (Ho342), by nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and by DNA laddering. A steady rise in the relative number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes (apoptotic index) was noted in in situ preparations. Apoptosis was first noted 6 h after the onset of ischemia with its highest value occurring after 72 h. Apoptotic nuclei were absent in remote areas of the left and right ventricles. Apoptotic nuclei within the infarcted area showed diminished intensity of Ho342 fluorescence. Three days after ischemia, a border zone adjacent to the infarcted area consisting of apoptotic macrophages was recognized. A novel finding was the appearance of apoptotic cardiomyocytes in the isolated perfused ischemic heart. Occurring as early as 50 min after the onset of ischemia, a high apoptotic index was present adjacent to the ligature placed around the coronary artery. This observation provides the opportunity to selectively examine factors leading to apoptosis in the ischemic heart under controlled experimental conditions.     

Problems in falling in love

Certain patients enter psychoanalysis because of their inability to love another person. Often they report a repetitive erotic pursuit of desired partners, without being able to experience or maintain loving feelings. Kernberg has understood such difficulties as representing effects of early narcissistic disappointments and/or of difficulties in resolving oedipal conflicts. In this paper, Lacanian concepts of the mirror phase and symbolic love are employed to develop these issues. Sexualization of problems in mirroring may be fused with oedipal conflicts in some cases. An extended vignette is presented to illustrate the technical and theoretical issues.