基于CBR与QBS的工程咨询服务推荐系统研究

文章将案例推理技术与基于资质的选择方式相结合,提出并实现了为项目推荐咨询服务的基于CBR的建设项目咨询系统。提取了建设项目的重要特征属性来表达项目并建立项目案例库,收集工程咨询公司、专家资料建立公司及专家数据库;采用了动态层次分析法确定属性权重;通过索引与比较检索策略检索出相似案例;调取相似案例的工程咨询服务信息,推荐给新建项目。通过数据模拟验证了该方法的有效性,该系统可以为用户决策提供参考依据。     

基于CBR-DEA的装配式建筑部件生产基地项目投资决策

为有效提升企业投资装配式建筑部件生产基地项目的决策质量,基于案例推理(CBR)技术和数据包络分析(DEA)方法提出了一种项目投资决策模型.首先,通过文献研究进行项目特征属性和经济参数指标的选取,以此为依据对案例进行表示,并构建案例库;进而,提出项目相似度计算规则,用于相似案例检索;然后,采用相似度加权法进行备选项目经济...     

基于案例推理和协同过滤的公路工程项目施工方案辅助决策模型研究

科学利用和挖掘已有成功施工经验对未来项目施工方案确定起到重要参考作用。本文基于案例推理技术和协同过滤算法构建辅助决策模型,用于公路工程项目的施工方案辅助推荐。首先基于框架表示法构建公路工程项目案例库,对已有案例进行表示;随后采用基尼系数客观赋权法对项目属性进行赋权,针对不同类型的项目属性分别计算属性相似度,进而计算项目相似度,实现案例检索;然后对项目相似度大于阈值的项目,确定输出施工方案并建立偏好度评分矩阵;最后使用协同过滤算法结合项目相似度计算施工方案得分确定推荐结果。本文以某工程路基土方开挖施工方案的选择为例进行应用分析,推荐结果与原施工方案一致,表明该模型适用于编制施工方案的辅助决策。     

粗糙集和案例推理在地铁隧道安全评价系统中的应用研究

地铁隧道施工安全影响因素众多,安全评价过程存在不确定性。该文结合粗糙集与案例推理方法,利用粗糙集处理不确定因素的优势,通过差别矩阵对安全评价指标体系进行属性约简并计算指标权重,完成案例推理中案例描述和案例检索的过程。减少了主观因素的影响,提高了安全评价系统的效率。     

基于案例推理的跨流域调水明渠工程事故应急决策方法研究

为提高跨流域调水明渠工程事故的应急处置能力,提出一种基于案例推理的明渠工程事故应急决策方法。对跨流域调水明渠工程事故的特征属性进行提炼归纳,利用框架表示法对事故案例进行组织表达;依据两级检索策略,从案例库中获取符合事故基本特征信息的源案例集,采用模糊层次分析法确定各属性指标权重,并结合属性相似度和结构相似度构建情景匹配模型;通过案例分析证明了该方法在跨流域调水明渠工程事故应急决策辅助救援方面具有实用价值。     

基于区间二型模糊的深基坑施工方案属性相似度计算方法

属性相似度计算是案例推理方法在深基坑工程施工技术方案重用的关键。传统经验进行取值下再转换成同一类型的值计算相似度的方法,存在着属性取值模糊不够准确、属性取值转换带来信息损失等缺点,影响着案例检索的效果。本文引入区间二型模糊方法对方案的不确定属性进行区间模糊取值来提升对不确定属性的表达和刻画,提出依据方案属性取值类型不同的特点,直接选取适应的相似度(距离)算法计算属性相似度。然后再结合属性的权重计算方案综合相似度,该思路能够有效地避免不同属性的含义类型和取值差异在统一化转化中信息损失的缺点。最后,通过地铁车站深基坑工程案例检索分析验证了方法的有效可行性,结果表明该方法能够较好地考虑方案属性的模糊取值进而直接进行相似度计算,提升了检索的效果。     

基于CBR与RBR的国际工程风险费用预测

由于国际工程存在的风险因素众多且信息来源具有很大局限性,国际工程风险费用的预测是一个难点,但其对于国际工程的投标报价竞争力以及项目的最终盈利能力而言又具有重要影响。因此,论文构建了基于事例推理(CBR)与规则推理(RBR)的风险费用预测模型,首先在总结、归纳相关文献的基础上提出基于特征属性的风险案例表示方法,为风险案例的知识提取与检索奠定了基础;然后,选出合适的案例检索方法,对风险费用的影响因素进行分析归纳,在此基础上利用事例推理与规则推理的相关理论构建了国际工程风险费用预测的基本框架;最后结合Fisher聚类法、集对分析理论与模糊权重理论建立了国际工程风险费用预测模型,并通过实例应用验证了模型的有效性与可行性。     

基于CBR的燃气工程设计项目知识检索方法研究

从燃气工程设计项目基于CBR的事例的表示、相似事例的检索两个环节,构建了项目知识检索的方法,探讨了采用AHP确定事例特征属性权值的技巧,使知识的检索更加科学有效。     

基于CBR的危险品航空运输事故应急决策研究

针对危险品航空运输事故现场信息传递不及时、不全面造成应急决策不当的问题，建立危险品航空运输事故应急决策案例推理模型。以事故现场表面信息构建案例属性；应用G1法对案例属性主观赋权进行案例优选检索，使用熵权法客观赋权结合灰色关联分析进行案例相似度检索。通过实例分析，模型计算得到的最相似案例与目标案例相似度为0.671 28 且二者应急决策方案相似，表明该模型可以为危险品航空运输事故提供应急决策指导。     

旧工业建筑改造项目火灾事故应急决策研究

为解决旧工业建筑改造中由于火灾事故不确定性高、有效应急措施不力问题,针对以往决策过程比较单一、客观性不足的现象,对改造项目火灾事故进行框架表示,一方面将 C-OWA 算子用于异质信息属性权重的计算以便更为客观地确定满足相似度阈值的相似案例集;另一方面,进行决策属性评价及综合 排序以筛选出相似案例集所对应的最优应急决策,并结合实例说明了该方法的现实意义。     

The attribute impact concept: Applications in case-based reasoning and parametric cost estimation

The success of every construction project depends on the satisfactory achievement of a client's needs relating to cost, duration, and quality. Among them, costs must be managed with special awareness. In an effort to improve the estimate accuracy of cost during the initial stages of a building project, this research introduces the concept of ‘attribute impact’ (AI), which can measure the weights of attributes quantitatively and prioritize them. This study will also explain AI development, which adopts the impulse–momentum theorem of physics. For a case study, the project analyzes 163 public apartment buildings from 15 housing complex projects in Korea. To examine the validity of the proposed AI, the case study carries out two types of validation in terms of estimate accuracy using the parametric method and the case-based reasoning (CBR) applicability test. The validation results support the acceptable use of the suggested AI in measuring the weights of attributes and its estimate accuracy when combined with parametric or CBR estimation.     

Case–Based Approaches for Preliminary Design of Steel Building Frames

A good initial assumption of cross section (i.e., close to the final size) will reduce the number of analyze/design cycles in the subsequent sizing processes. Case–based reasoning (CBR) is a technique for solving new problems by adapting solutions that were obtained by solving old problems. In this article, three distinct CBR methodologies are examined for their efficiency and accuracy in modeling steel building frame design, including conventional nearest neighbor CBR and two novel CBR methodologies, collaborative CBR, which combines several cases to generate a better solution, and hybrid CBR, which hybridizes two important CBR mechanisms, adaptation and combination, to obtain a more accurate solution. The results show that the hybrid CBR techniques are slightly more accurate than back–propagation neural networks and much more accurate than the other two CBR methodologies.     

What attributes should a project coordinator possess?

Construction projects are increasingly multidisciplinary and the role of a project coordinator has become critical for success. A clear differentiation is drawn between the roles of a project manager and a project coordinator, and the attributes required in a successful project coordinator are defined. A total of 24 such attributes were identified through a survey of available literature and personal interviews with top construction professionals based in India. A ranking has also been assigned to these attributes on the basis of a questionnaire survey. Statistical analyses of responses indicated a distinct difference between the attributes possessed by the project coordinators in projects that were considered successful, and those that were considered failures. Project coordinators of successful projects were found to excel in certain important attributes such as relationship with client, consultant and contractor; timeliness; technical knowledge of the subject; belief in team playing spirit; and coordination for achieving quality compared to their counterparts in projects which were regarded as failures. Interestingly, the required attributes remained the same for project coordinators whether they worked for the contracting agency or the owner's organisation. Factor analysis was used to group the 24 attributes into three major skills categories: team building skills; contract implementation skills; and project organisation skills. These findings will be useful to practitioners during the recruitment of project coordinators.     

大沽河淤泥填筑路基的土力学和重金属浸出试验

随着大沽河排污综合治理工程的全线开工,由此产生的大量淤泥的处理、处置任务十分艰巨,也很大程度上决定了河道治理的最终效果。尝试将清出淤泥处理后用于公路路基垫土,以实现其资源化和无害化利用的目的。试验结果显示,淤泥经石灰、建筑废料等材料拌混后,压实度和加州承载比(CBR)参数可以满足部分路基填筑要求,其重金属浸出结果符合环保要求。该方法具有消化容量大、处理简单快速等优点,可以直接消纳高含水率淤泥。     

生化及放射性恐怖袭击与地下环境安全研究(1)

介绍了当今世界生化及放射性恐怖活动的现状与发展趋势,指出利用空气传播的生化及放射性恐怖袭击已对地下建筑的环境安全构成了严重威胁。概述了生化及放射性恐怖袭击给地下建筑环境安全带来的新问题,具体分析了我国城市地下建筑在环境安全方面存在的问题,指出我国城市地下建筑现有的防护思想和防护通风措施并不能满足防生化及放射性恐怖袭击的要求。对地下建筑生化及放射性恐怖灾害的特点进行了分析和概括,并进一步从安全防范、应急处置和事后恢复这三个方面对地下建筑的环境安全问题进行了讨论。     

Case-Based Reasoning in Construction Management

Case-based reasoning (CBR) is a highly effective technique in the artificial intelligence (AI) domain capable of solving or providing suggestions for the current problem by storing and retrieving results of previous cases. In the experience-oriented construction industry, knowledge and assessments of previous experience are critical to resolving problems that may reoccur. Applying CBR to construction management overcomes some drawbacks of other AI technologies and adheres to computer application needs in industry. CBR provides an alternative in solving experience-oriented problems. This article not only presents a typical CBR approach but also investigates its potential applications in construction management. An example shows how CBR can be used to estimate construction duration and costs of building construction projects at the preliminary design stage.     

A case-based reasoning system for using functional performance specification in the briefing of building projects

Functional Performance Specification (FPS) is a structured requirement analysis process, in which client requirements are firstly defined with functions and relevant evaluation criteria — functional performance. This paper describes a Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) system recommending functions and functional performance to facilitate the use of FPS in the briefing of building projects. It begins with an introduction to the briefing practice and the problems of using FPS in briefing, followed by proposing a structural job plan of FPS. Next, the CBR system design is described and how it supports the use of FPS is illustrated. Finally, the competence of the system is evaluated with two experiments, which demonstrate that the CBR system is a highly promising tool for facilitating the use of FPS. The future research work concerning addressing the shortcomings of the CBR system identified in the experiments is also noted.     

生化及放射性袭击对建筑环境安全的威胁与对策

介绍了全球恐怖活动的现状与发展趋势,指出生化及放射性恐怖袭击已对建筑物的环境安全构成了严重威胁。对生化及放射性恐怖袭击给建筑环境安全带来的新问题和国外的研究现状进行了概述,具体分析了生化及放射性灾害的特点和我国建筑环境安全可能存在的问题,进一步从生化及放射性恐怖袭击的防范、处置和事后恢复这三个方面对建筑环境安全问题的进行了讨论,并提出了相应的对策。     

基于案例的推理和GIS相集成的技术在规划申请审批中的应用

基于案例的推理 (Case -BasedReasoning ,CBR)是基于知识的专家系统 (Knowledge -BasedSystems ,KBS)领域中的一个分支。它的基本思想是参照过去的案例 (case)来处理当前面临的新问题。这种系统能在自己的案例库中搜索以前解决过的类似案例 ,根据当时做过的决策及其后果对眼前的新问题提出合理的建议。与基于规则的推理和基于模型的推理等传统的专家系统技术相比 ,CBR直接利用具体、特殊、非抽象、众人认同的知识 ,因而适合于那些主观性强 ,不确定性强 ,牵扯因素多 ,特例多的领域。地理信息系统 (GIS)是处理空间信息的常用工具 ,它在城市规划中的作用已被普遍认同。本文介绍了作者集成CBR和GIS的尝试。这个集成系统旨在帮助规划师和决策者更好地处理和审批规划申请。该系统可为规划师迅速提供与当前申请性质相似或者在空间上相近的规划申请案例 ,以及在处理旧案例上的经验教训 ,帮助规划师提高工作效率 ,更全面地考虑问题 ,为最后的决策提供更可靠的建议