山西省城镇污水处理工程能耗水平与特征研究

城镇污水处理属于能量密集的综合技术,污水处理厂的高效运行在节能减排的关键时期尤为重要.采用统计分析的方法,选取单位水量电耗和单位COD去除量电耗两项指标对山西省82座城镇污水处理厂2009年的能耗状况及其影响因素开展研究,提出城镇污水处理节能建议.山西省城镇污水处理厂2009年单位水量电耗约为0.469kW·h/m3,单位COD去除量电耗为1.867kW·h/kgCOD,均高于全国平均水平,具有较大的节能潜力.研究分析了设计规模、工艺技术路线、排放标准、运行负荷率和季节变化与污水处理厂能耗水平的关系.重点挖掘中等规模污水处理厂的节能潜力和提高运行负荷率是山西省城镇污水处理厂节能降耗的关键.     

ZT廊道交替工艺在污水处理中的应用与节能分析

ZT廊道交替工艺用于珠海市吉大水质净化厂二期工程,于2005年3月通水运行,已运行7年多,出水稳定达标,节能效果显著.2010年平均单位水量电耗仅为0.142 kW·h/m3,多年平均电耗为0.12～0.18 kW·h/m3,实现了节能降耗的设计理念.结合污水处理厂2010年的电耗数据,详细分析其各用电子项的电耗情况与节能优势.     

小城镇污水处理厂节能降耗改造工程实例

小城镇污水处理厂在实际运行过程中,由于水质、水量变化大及设备问题,导致污水处理运行电耗偏高,能耗浪费较大。以重庆某小城镇污水处理厂为例,分析其节能降耗改造情况。该厂改造后运行状况良好,水质指标均能稳定达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)一级B标准,处理单位污水电耗由0.60kW·h/m3减少到0.37kW·h/m3,节能降耗效果突出,COD、TN、NH3-N等削减量也大幅提高。     

污水处理厂提标改造前后能耗对比与节能潜力分析

城市污水处理厂一级A标准提标改造工程的实施会带来污水处理能耗的增加.以某改良A2/O工艺提标改造工程为例,对提标改造前后不同能耗节点的能耗进行了对比分析,并对造成改造后能耗增加的主要能耗节点进行了节能潜力分析.结果表明,与改造前相比,改造后污水处理能耗结构发生变化,混合动力设备的能耗比例达到甚至超过进水泵房,污水处理能耗增加0.087 kW· h/m3,提高了58％;鼓风机房和混合动力设备是造成改造后能耗增加的主要能耗节点,其对能耗增加的贡献率分别为34.48％和32.18％;鼓风机房和混合动力设备的节能潜力分别为29％和31.8％,通过其联合节能,污水处理工程的节能潜力能达到14％,总单耗能由0.237 kW· h/m3降低到0.204 kW· h/m3.     

ZT廊道交替池工艺在污水处理厂中的优化设计

某城市污水处理厂二期工程设计建造时,采用与一期工程相同的ZT廊道交替池工艺,针对一期工程在运行中出现的问题及现场要求,对整套工艺进行了优化设计。重点对进水泵房的检修平台设置、曝气沉砂池进、出水方式及沉砂能力、ZT廊道交替池的排泥及UV消毒池回用水的设置等工艺的优化进行了探讨。在用地指标仅为0.40m2/m3的情况下,建设整套的城市二级污水处理厂,且单位水量平均电耗0.18kW·h/m3,为污水处理厂解决用地紧张节省能耗,提供了设计思路。     

华南某污水处理厂能耗分析及节能降耗措施研究

通过对比华南某污水处理厂设计进出水水质指标和现状进水水质,分析主要污染物的去除效果及能耗特征,对电耗、药耗进行评价。该厂一、二期和三期的单位水量水电耗较低,分别为0.142kW·h/m~3和0.156kW·h/m~3;但去除BOD5所需电耗较高,分别为4.71kW·h/kgBOD5和4.93kW·h/kgBOD5,有一定的节能降耗空间。单位水量消毒剂投加量(NaClO 10%)为26.8g/m~3,单位水量除磷剂[Al_2(SO_4)_3]投加量为26.8g/m~3,絮凝剂PAM投加量为处理污泥量的0.3%,由现状分析消毒剂投加量仍有降的可能。在对其能耗水平进行评估的基础上,从曝气、污水提升、投药及保障出水水质等方面提出了工艺优化、运行管理等方面的节能降耗建议方案。     

我国城市污水处理厂能耗规律的统计分析与定量识别

采用描述统计、聚类分析、非参数检验、相关分析、非线性回归分析等方法,对我国559座城镇污水处理厂2006年的能耗状况及其影响因素进行了统计分析和定量规律识别.目前我国城镇污水处理厂平均电耗为0.290 kW·h/m3,82%以上的污水处理厂电耗不超过0.440 kW·h/m3,相当于发达国家20世纪初或更早期的水平,仍存在一定节能潜力.对能耗有显著影响的因素包括:污水处理厂所处地区的自然环境条件和社会经济总体能耗水平、污水处理工艺类型、污水处理量、污染物去除量、所接纳的工业废水比例等.研究结果得出我国9种主要污水处理工艺的能耗排序,污水处理量、6类污染物去除量与电耗之间的定量关系,以及进水中工业废水比例对能耗的影响程度.     

南方某污水处理厂精确曝气技术示范及评估分析

曝气系统是活性污泥法工艺污水处理厂的最大能耗单元,基于污水生物处理需氧量的曝气风量精确控制及分配是降低污水处理厂能耗的重要手段。对南方某污水处理厂实施精确曝气改造,通过稳定运行一年的数据分析,结果表明:生化池出水口溶解氧基本维持在(2.0±0.5)mg/L;在处理水量、进水耗氧污染物浓度高于改造前的情况下,全年鼓风机总电耗降低且出水水质更优,年平均鼓风机能耗降低20.59%,年平均单位耗氧污染物鼓风机能耗降低37.5%。精确曝气系统能稳定生化池溶解氧,优化生物处理效果并能显著节省曝气系统能耗。     

北京市饭店中水系统能耗特征及降耗措施分析研究

以北京市饭店中水系统为例,梳理了饭店中水系统的构成特点,并利用27家实地调研的饭店中水系统能耗数据资料进行了相关分析研究。得出:北京市饭店中水系统的平均能耗强度为1.02kW·h/m3,是城市污水处理厂平均能耗强度(0.29kW·h/m3)的3.5倍;饭店中水系统的能耗强度与中水实际处理量、设计处理能力分别呈幂函数关系,同时增大饭店中水系统的设计处理能力和实际处理量时,设计处理能力对应的能耗强度降低速度更快;鼓风机与回用抽水泵两个设备单元的能耗之和占饭店中水系统耗电量的84%,是整个系统中主要的耗能点;从水量平衡调整、优选鼓风机与回用抽水泵两个角度提出了促进饭店中水系统节能降耗的有效措施。     

氧化沟型A2/O工艺精细化调控技术研究

针对氧化沟型A2/O工艺污水处理厂存在的脱氮效率低及运行能耗高的问题,以稳定运行、安全运行和节能降耗为目标,提出基于“立足现有、调控提升、稳定达标、节能降耗”的精细化调控理念,以及调控运行参数、碳源分配、曝气模式的精细化调控措施,并进行中试研究及生产实践.结果表明,调控后污水处理厂出水水质均可稳定达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)一级B标准.出水TN从15.2～26.5mg/L下降到9.3～13.5mg/L,去除率从39.5％提高到71.7％;出水TP从0.42～0.92mg/L下降到0.33～0.70mg/L,去除率从86.7％提高到91.4％;单位水量电耗从0.343kW·h/m3下降到0.280kW.h/m3,下降了18％;通过精细化调控实现了氧化沟型A2/O工艺的功能提升.     

污水处理厂生命周期评价及不同工艺污水处理系统的环境影响比较分析

对某A2／O工艺城市污水处理厂施工建造和运营维护阶段所造成的环境影响进行生命周期评价,并以绿色税收为参考指标概算各环境影响指标造成的经济负担,同时对采用不同污水处理方式的污水处理厂的生命周期评价结果进行比较。结果表明：A2／O工艺城市污水处理厂生命周期内造成的环境影响主要来自运营维护阶段的能量消耗,对水体富营养化的影响较大;相对于某湿地污水处理系统,A2／O工艺城市污水处理厂对非生物资源消耗较大,但在大气酸化、光化学氧化以及全球变暖等方面的影响较小;相对于五阶段Bardenpho工艺,A2／O工艺对水体富营养化具有较大影响,但在非生物资源消耗、全球变暖、光化学氧化、大气酸化等方面影响较小。     

Simultaneous wastewater treatment and biological electricity generation.

It is possible to directly generate electricity using bacteria while accomplishing wastewater treatment in processes based on microbial fuel cell technologies. When bacteria oxidize a substrate, they remove electrons. Current generation is made possible by keeping bacteria separated from oxygen, but allowing the bacteria growing on an anode to transfer electrons to the counter electrode (cathode) that is exposed to air. In this paper, several advances are discussed in this technology, and a calculation is made on the potential for electricity recovery. Assuming a town of 100,000 people generate 16.4 x 10(6) L of wastewater, a wastewater treatment plant has the potential to become a 2.3 MW power plant if all the energy is recovered as electricity. So far, power densities are low, resulting in power generation rates of 150 kW/m2. Progress is being made that we believe may result in as much as 0.5 MW from wastewater treatment. The generation of electricity during wastewater treatment may profoundly affect the approach to anaerobic treatment technologies used in wastewater treatment.     

污水处理系统的集成控制策略研究

以实现河流水质目标为前提,充分利用河流纳污能力,根据不同环境与气候条件调节污水处理厂运行状况和排水管网的污水排放量,可有效保护河流生态质量。基于城市污水处理系统集成仿真平台,提出了4种以河流水质为目标的城市污水处理系统集成控制方案,通过对排水管网和污水处理厂的协调控制,实现了河流水质的改善。仿真结果验证了集成控制策略的有效性。     

集成膜技术工业废水深度处理回用试验研究

试验采用超滤+反渗透集成膜分离技术,目的是研究其集成工艺处理有色冶金工业废水的合理性和可行性。超滤试验主要测试了在不同水质情况下超滤膜的相关运行参数,主要测定指标有超滤系统的进水、产水和反冲洗水的水量,运行压力,出水浊度,SDI值等;反渗透试验主要测定指标有电导率,反渗透系统的进、出水量,运行压力等。试验研究表明:以预处理+超滤+反渗透组成的集成膜处理工艺,能够满足有色冶金工业废水处理回用的要求。     

Phenol wastewater remediation: advanced oxidation processes coupled to a biological treatment.

Nowadays, there are increasingly stringent regulations requiring more and more treatment of industrial effluents to generate product waters which could be easily reused or disposed of to the environment without any harmful effects. Therefore, different advanced oxidation processes were investigated as suitable precursors for the biological treatment of industrial effluents containing phenol. Wet air oxidation and Fenton process were tested batch wise, while catalytic wet air oxidation and H2O2-promoted catalytic wet air oxidation processes were studied in a trickle bed reactor, the last two using over activated carbon as catalyst. Effluent characterisation was made by means of substrate conversion (using high liquid performance chromatography), chemical oxygen demand and total organic carbon. Biodegradation parameters (i.e. maximum oxygen uptake rate and oxygen consumption) were obtained from respirometric tests using activated sludge from an urban biological wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The main goal was to find the proper conditions in terms of biodegradability enhancement, so that these phenolic effluents could be successfully treated in an urban biological WWTP. Results show promising research ways for the development of efficient coupled processes for the treatment of wastewater containing toxic or biologically non-degradable compounds.     

生物助剂在制浆废水处理中的应用研究

对某制浆厂生产废水处理系统投加由多种酵素混合而成的生物助剂前后的运行效果进行详细分析.结果表明:在工艺运行参数不变的条件下,使用生物助剂能够提高生物处理系统的生物活性,增加活性生物量,使生物处理系统对CODCr、SS、色度去除率分别提高16%、17%、27%,降低了化学处理单元药剂使用量,增强了生物处理系统的耐冲击负荷能力,降低了水处理成本,对生物助剂在制浆废水处理中应用具有重要的推动作用.     

城镇污水处理厂项目环境影响评价重点的研究

城镇污水处理厂作为一项环境保护工程,在发挥环境效益的同时,运行过程中排放的尾水、产生的恶臭和污泥等污染物对环境将产生不利影响。在进行污水处理厂项目环境影响评价时,应识别评价重点,目的是使环境影响预测和评价具有针对性,以发挥更大的环境效益。根据污水处理厂的工程特性,结合江门市江海污水处理厂工程环境影响评价的实践经验,提出污水处理厂环境影响评价应重点关注厂址环境合理性分析、污水处理工艺比选、尾水排放对水环境影响、恶臭对大气环境影响、污泥处置对环境影响等问题。     

Automatic control for do and pH in the activated sludge process in a coke wastewater treatment plant

The objective of this study is to develop an automatic control system for dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH of the activated sludge process in a coke wastewater treatment plant. A discrete type autotuned proportional-integral (PI) controller using an auto-regressive exogenous (ARX) model as a process model was developed to maintain the DO concentration in aerators by controlling the speed of surface aerators. Also a nonlinear pH controller using the titration curve was used to control the pH of influent wastewater. This control system was tested in a pilot scale plant. During this pilot plant experiment, there was small deviation of pH and the electric power consumption of surface aerators was reduced up to 70% with respect to the full operation when the DO set point was 2 mg/1. For real plant operation with this system, the discrete PI controller showed good tracking for set point change. The electricity saving was more than 40% of the electricity consumption when considering surface aerators. As a result of maintaining the DO constantly at the set point by the automatic control system, the fluctuation of effluent quality was decreased and overall improvement of the effluent water quality was achieved.     

空气曝气与纯氧曝气生物滤池应用于污水深度处理的研究

采用两种不同气源的曝气生物滤池对污水处理厂二级出水进行深度处理中试研究.结果表明,空气曝气和纯氧曝气生物滤池对COD_(Mn)的去除率相近,分别为30.5%和30.9%;以纯氧为气源的生物滤池硝化能力远强于空气曝气生物滤池,氨氮总去除率77.4%,出水氨氮为2.1～6.3 mg/L;纯氧曝气提高了滤池上部氨氮去除效果,维持滤池内溶解氧在6 mg/L以上,沿水流方向使pH逐渐下降.纯氧曝气生物滤池是污水深度处理中去除氨氮的有效工艺.     

Energy analysis of conventional and source-separation systems for urban wastewater management using Life Cycle Assessment

This study investigates the cumulative energy demand (CED) of different systems for the management of urban wastewater, following the methodology of Life Cycle Assessment. In a hypothetical case study for an urban area (5,000 inhabitants), all relevant processes for wastewater collection and treatment and the construction of infrastructure are described in a substance flow model. The conventional system requires 1,250 MJ/(pe*a), with the operation contributing 45%, the infrastructure 7%, and the system expansion (production of mineral fertilizer and electricity) 48% to the total CED. The separation systems have a CED of 930-1,182 MJ/(pe*a) depending on their configuration. Results of the impact assessment show that recovering energy from the organic matter of toilet wastewater and household biowaste in a digestion process can decrease the cumulative energy demand by 13-26%. Energetic benefits of mineral fertilizer substitution are relatively small compared to the energy recovered from organic matter. Decisive parameters for the energy analysis are the amount of biowaste which is co-digested with toilet wastewater and the energy demand of the vacuum plant.