GAC对水中内分泌干扰物双酚A的吸附特性及动力学研究

研究了颗粒活性炭(GAC)对水中内分泌干扰物双酚A(BPA)的吸附容量、吸附动力学及其影响因素.结果表明,GAC吸附容量大,吸附等温线符合Langmuir和Freundlich模型;吸附容量受GAC粒径的变化影响较大.Langmuir模型的最大吸附容量qm与粒径dp关系为:ln(qm)=-0.507 5×ln(dp) 14.07;Freundlich模型Kf与dp关系为:ln(kf)=-1.078 ln(dp) 18.307.GAC对BPA为单分子层吸附,400 min基本可达到平衡,且吸附速率变化符合拟二级动力学模型,dp与速率常数k2之间符合ln(k2)=-1.039 ln(dp)-9.014;BPA初始浓度C0与k2关系式为1/k2=529.7 C0-35 979.     

粉末活性炭对水中灭草松的吸附性能研究

研究了粉末活性炭对灭草松的去除效果以及吸附时间、投炭量和水质对粉末活性炭吸附性能的影响。结果表明,粉末活性炭对灭草松有一定的去除率,吸附规律符合Langmuir吸附等温线和Freundlich吸附等温线;吸附时间为60min时,吸附率已达到45%以上;随着投炭量的增加,灭草松的去除率提高,粉末活性炭的吸附容量降低;在不同水质条件下,粉末活性炭的吸附等温线可能不同,因此在应急处理中,首先应该确定该水质下的吸附等温线,然后求出投炭量。     

活性炭纤维吸附水中卤代烃的研究

试验采用4种活性炭纤维(ACF)和1种GAC在308K条件下对三氯甲烷和四氯化碳进行吸附速率和吸附等温线研究。此外，就四氯化碳的不同初始浓度对吸附等温线的影响也进行了研究。结果表明，在吸附低浓度(×10     

不同吸附材料对水中高氯酸盐的去除效果比较研究

首先通过高氯酸盐的吸附平衡实验,比较8种不同吸附材料的吸附能力。实验结果表明:对高氯酸盐吸附,Langmuir模型拟合效果要优于Freundlich模型,吸附类型主要为单层吸附。对不同吸附材料的高氯酸盐吸附自由能计算也得出,高氯酸盐的吸附主要为化学吸附。8种材料吸附能力由大到小依次为:阴离子交换树脂>木质活性炭>椰壳活性炭>煤质活性炭>壳聚糖>沸石>膨润土>颗粒氢氧化铁。研究中还对高氯酸盐的吸附动力学进行探讨。并对吸附动力结果进行了一级和二级动力学方程拟合。二级拟和的线性相关系数明显高于一级。说明不同材料对本研究中所使用的高氯酸盐的吸附更符合二级动力学方程。对吸附速率的比较则得出,阴离子交换树脂和活性炭的吸附速率要明显高于其他吸附材料。     

纳米铁/活性炭新型材料的制备及其对铜离子的吸附性能研究

以活性炭为载体,采用沉淀法制备纳米铁/活性炭新型材料,对活性炭的结构变化进行BET和TEM表征分析,研究纳米铁负载前后活性炭对水中铜离子的吸附能力以及p H值、起始浓度、吸附时间等因素对吸附性能的影响,同时考察其再生性能。结果表明:纳米铁成功负载于活性炭上,随着p H值的增加,吸附容量逐渐增大,当p H=6时,纳米铁/活性炭的最大吸附量为18.73 mg/g,与活性炭相比提高了150%。新型材料对铜离子的吸附过程符合Langmuir和Freundlich吸附模型,对铜离子的吸附量随时间变化的规律符合准二级动力学模型,由于负载的纳米铁阻碍了铜离子向材料表面扩散,其吸附速率仅为0.002 g/(mg·min),与活性炭相比下降了60%左右。新型材料再生效率高,具有较好的应用前景。     

颗粒活性炭吸附饮用水中卤乙酸特性研究

采用颗粒活性炭(GAC)对饮用水消毒副产物卤乙酸中的三氯乙酸(TCAA)和二氯乙酸(DCAA)的吸附特性进行了研究和对比。研究结果表明:在单底质条件下,活性炭对卤乙酸的吸附等温线最符合修正的Freundlich方程,浓度小于200μg/L时,活性炭对卤乙酸基本表现为单层吸附。活性炭投加量为1600mg/L时,GAC对TCAA和DCAA的去除率分别达到98.49%和98.01%。活性炭对TCAA的吸附能力高于DCAA,当平衡浓度为0.3μmol/L时,其对二者的摩尔吸附容量比为1.17∶1。酸性条件下有利于活性炭吸附卤乙酸。多底质共存条件下,两种卤乙酸之间存在竞争吸附,与单底质条件下相比,活性炭对TCAA的吸附受影响程度低于DCAA。同时吸附速率比较表明活性炭对DCAA的吸附速率较快。     

玉米秸秆制备活性炭纤维及其对水中荧光素的吸附能力研究

玉米秸秆经高温碳化为炭纤维,采用1mol/L H3PO4活化制备成活性炭纤维吸附剂,荧光素为吸附质,研究ACF吸附性能的影响因素,并对吸附机理进行了探讨。研究结果表明:碳化温度为750℃,投加量为0.2 g,pH为3时,ACF对溶液中的荧光素具有较强的吸附能力;ACF对低浓度荧光素溶液具有显著吸附效果,Langmuir方程能很好地描述等温吸附特征,吸附强度因子a为正值,表明吸附过程在本试验条件下可自发进行,根据Langmuir方程计算的理论饱和吸附量为19.608mg/g;吸附在8 h后达到平衡,带入试验数据校对得出准二级动力学模型能更好的描述ACF对水中荧光素的吸附动力学过程。实验结果和吸附机理表明,玉米秸秆高温碳化ACF能有效处理含荧光素废水。本研究从影响因子、吸附动力学以及吸附热力学方面探讨了玉米秸秆活性炭纤维对荧光素的吸附过程,以期为吸附法处理此类废水提供理论基础。     

Pb2+在天然泥炭上的吸附特征研究

研究了泥炭吸附水中Pb2 的吸附动力学和吸附等温式.考查了泥炭用量、Pb2 初始浓度、溶液pH值和温度对吸附反应的影响.结果表明,泥炭对Pb2 具有较强的吸附性能;其吸附动力学符合Langmuir准二级反应速率模型;其吸附等温式符合Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附模型,且其吸附过程为热力学吸热和自发过程.     

Pb^2＋在天然泥炭上的吸附特征研究

研究了泥炭吸附水中Pb^2＋的吸附动力学和吸附等温式。考查了泥炭用量、Pb^2＋初始浓度、溶液pH值和温度对吸附反应的影响。结果表明,泥炭对Pb^2＋具有较强的吸附性能;其吸附动力学符合Langmuir准二级反应速率模型;其吸附等温式符合Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附模型,且其吸附过程为热力学吸热和自发过程。     

溴酸盐和溴离子在活性炭上的竞争吸咐研究

高溴离子原水经臭氧氧化后同时存在溴酸盐和溴离子。考察了溴酸盐和溴离子的单组分和双组分活性炭吸附等温线及吸附动力学曲线。研究表明,溴酸盐和溴离子同时存在时会产生竞争吸附,活性炭对溴酸盐的吸附速率大于溴离子。应用动力学模型对双组分竞争吸附进行了拟合,双组分条件下活性炭对溴酸盐和溴离子的吸附过程用Langmuir动力学模式描述是合适的。活性炭对溴酸盐和溴离子的去除受pH和有机物的影响较大,较低pH和较低的有机物含量有利于活性炭的吸附。     

净水厂应对突发乙苯污染的应急处理中试研究

乙苯是净水厂原水突发水质污染的高风险物质之一.通过中试研究了应对原水突发乙苯污染的应急处理工艺.结果表明,常规工艺难以去除水中乙苯,向原水中投加粉末活性炭(PAC)与强化常规工艺联用可有效去除水中乙苯,保证处理后水质达到《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)要求;PAC与原水混合阶段是乙苯去除的主要阶段,去除率为78.9％～97.4％,强化常规工艺可进一步去除水中低浓度乙苯,颗粒活性炭滤柱作为安全余量,是水质安全保障的最后关口.基于中试结果,给出了应对原水突发乙苯污染时PAC对乙苯的吸附能力.     

S水厂粉末活性炭去除微囊藻毒素的应急技术研究

微囊藻毒素-LR(MC-LR)是蓝藻暴发期常见的毒素,其毒性大、分布广、结构稳定,难以通过常规工艺去除。S水厂原水取自太湖,蓝藻暴发期存在MC-LR污染。研究了木质、竹质、椰壳、煤质粉末活性炭对MC-LR的吸附特性。选取吸附性能较好的木质和竹质粉末活性炭,在高藻期开展生产试验,考察了S水厂净水工艺对MC-LR的应急去除效果。结果表明,在沉淀池后投加活性炭可使MC-LR去除50%~70%;当原水中MC-LR浓度较高时,还应考虑采用臭氧或光氧化等深度处理技术以保障饮用水供水安全。     

Performances of a hybrid adsorption/submerged membrane biological process for toxic waste removal.

This study focuses on a hybrid process, which combines adsorption on powdered activated carbon (PAC), membrane separation using immersed hollow fibers and biological activity. The first part shows that PAC addition in a complex system (containing dissolved molecules and biological particles) can reduce membrane fouling. In that system, DMP removal is function of the activated carbon concentration. Then, respirometric experiments allowed comparison of toxic sensitivity and biological degradation of different bioreactors (membrane bioreactor (MBR), adsorptive membrane bioreactor (PAC-MBR) and classical activated sludge bioreactor (AS)). Results point out that MBR sludge is less sensitive to the toxic than the AS. For high toxic concentration, PAC addition in the MBR decreases rapidly the toxic concentration under the EC50 in the bioreactor, which allows a better biodegradation of the toxic compound. DMP assimilation is completed more rapidly with the PAC-MBR than the MBR.     

Efficient taste and odour removal by water treatment plants around the Han River water supply system.

Seven major water treatment plants in Seoul Metropolitan Area, which are under Korea Water Resources Corporation (KOWACO)'s management, take water from the Paldang Reservoir in the Han River System for drinking water supply. There are taste and odour (T&O) problems in the finished water because the conventional treatment processes do not efficiently remove the T&O compounds. This study evaluated T&O removal by ozonation, granular activated carbon (GAC) treatment, powder activated carbon (PAC) and an advanced oxidation process in a pilot-scale treatment plant and bench-scale laboratory experiments. During T&O episodes, PAC alone was not adequate, but as a pretreatment together with GAC it could be a useful option. The optimal range of ozone dose was 1 to 2 mg/L at a contact time of 10 min. However, with ozone alone it was difficult to meet the T&O target of 3 TON and 15 ng/L of MIB or geosmin. The GAC adsorption capacity for DOC in the three GAC systems (F/A, GAC and O3 + GAC) at an EBCT of 14 min is mostly exhausted after 9 months. However, substantial TON removal continued for more than 2 years (>90,000 bed volumes). GAC was found to be effective for T&O control and the main removal mechanisms were adsorption capacity and biodegradation.     

Adsorption reversibility and bioregeneration of activated carbon in the treatment of phenol.

This study aims to clarify the effect of adsorbability, desorbability, biodegradability and activated carbon type on the extent of bioregeneration in the treatment of phenol. For this purpose, four different activated carbon types; one thermally activated and one chemically activated powdered carbon (PAC), and their granular countertypes (GAC) with similar physical characteristics were used. Adsorption isotherms showed that the thermally activated carbons, either in powdered or granular form, were better adsorbers for phenol than the chemically activated ones. However, adsorption was more irreversible in the case of thermally activated carbons. Bioregeneration of chemically activated carbons were found to be higher in accordance with their higher reversibility of adsorption showing that bioregeneration was controlled by the reversibility of adsorption. Bioregeneration efficiencies for the thermally activated carbons were much higher than their efficiencies of total desorbability. This indicated that some exoenzymatic reactions might have occurred so that phenol was bioregenerated more than expected.     

锰砂与粉末活性炭对印染废水脱色的研究

利用除铁用锰矿砂(PGM)为处理剂进行罗丹明B与甲基橙模拟废水的静态脱色试验,并与粉末活性炭(PAC)进行对比。结果表明:PAC与染料的作用机理是物理吸附,脱色率受pH影响较小,对甲基橙和罗丹明B分别符合Langmuir和Freundlich方程。PGM在酸性条件下对染料的脱色是氧化与吸附的综合作用,较低的pH、较高的投量和恰当的反应时间可提高PGM的脱色效能,pH是影响PGM脱色能力的关键因素,pH=1.2时,符合Langmuir方程。酸性条件下较大的吸附容量和较短的平衡时间使PGM有可能应用于染料废水深度处理。     

高效低耗活性炭水处理工艺设计方法的优化

介绍活性炭吸附工艺设计的基本步骤和方法,说明如何建立高效低耗的活性炭水处理工艺,并通过吸附容量实验与连续流穿透实验获得工艺设计的基本参数。以吸附性能指标选炭法、微型快速穿透实验及生物活性炭系统的案例,论述活性炭塔中生物活性炭现象、活性炭催化/降解功能以及再生炭应用等高效低耗的功效,以达到进一步降低活性炭水处理成本的目的。     

负载纳米水合氧化铁活性炭去除水中铅的实验研究

通过共沉淀法制备一种负载纳米水合氧化铁活性炭,研究其对铅的吸附性能、负载前后活性炭的结构的影响,并进行TEM和XRD表征分析。利用动态小柱实验探究不同p H值、进水浓度和空床接触时间对铅吸附能力的影响,同时比较负载前后活性炭处理实际河道水中铅的吸附穿透曲线。结果表明:无定型的纳米水合氧化铁成功负载于活性炭上,负载后的活性炭显著提高了铅的吸附性能,其对铅的吸附容量随p H值、空床接触时间的增大而增加,进水浓度的变化基本不影响铅的吸附容量。以实际河道水为处理对象,得出负载前后的活性炭穿透点运行的床体积分别为1233和11004,显著提高了9倍,表明负载纳米水合氧化铁活性炭可以有效去除实际水体中的铅,具有良好的应用前景。     

Rapid adsorption pretreatment with submicrometre powdered activated carbon particles before microfiltration.

Manufacturer-supplied powdered activated carbon (PAC) was ground to produce submicrometre particles (0.8 and 0.6 m median diameter) for use as an adsorbent before microfiltration (MF) for drinking water treatment. Batch tests revealed that the microground PAC adsorbed natural organic matter (NOM) much more rapidly and had a higher adsorptive capacity than ordinary PAC. The water samples pretreated with the submicrometre PAC were subjected to MF, and the results of experiments with different PAC contact times revealed that a 1 min retention time was sufficient for adsorptive removal of NOM. The use of submicrometre PAC permitted not only shorter PAC contact times but also a 75% reduction in dose.     

饮用水深度处理中活性炭的筛选试验研究

目前国内生产的适合于不同水源水质的饮用水处理的活性炭品种较多,性能不一。研究表明,用作饮用水深度处理的活性炭的选炭工作至关重要,要针对所处理的水质进行吸附等温线测定、动态吸附柱试验和对实际有机物的去除效果试验测定后经综合分析、合理评定才能选择确定合适的活性炭,而不能单采用碘值及亚甲蓝值。