抗菌纤维素纤维对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌过程

通过表面接枝的方法,在纤维素纤维表面引入具有抗菌功能的季铵盐聚合物,考察了抗菌纤维对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌过程特性.接枝抗菌材料可在短时间内迅速降低溶液中细菌的活菌量.采用TTC活性和菌体耗氧测定法与扫描电镜观察法研究了抗菌过程.结果表明,其抗菌过程由吸附、抑制活性和破裂杀灭3个步骤构成,被抗菌纤维吸附的金黄色葡萄球菌不具有繁殖能力.     

季铵盐型抗菌纤维素纤维的辐射接枝聚合

固相表面接触抗菌材料应用于水的表面接触消毒是一项新的水处理技术,提高材料表面抗菌基团含量将有利于抗菌性能的提高。本研究采用直接辐射接枝和预辐射接枝两种方法,在纤维素纤维表面引入具有抗菌功能的季铵盐聚合物,详细探讨了两种辐射接枝聚合技术以及温度、时间、单体浓度、辐射剂量等具体辐射接枝聚合工艺参数对接枝聚合反应的影响。利用红外光谱（FTIR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对接枝纤维素纤维进行了表征。结果表明,采用预辐射接枝技术可制得接枝率55%以上的高接枝率抗菌纤维素纤维。     

银纳米微粒接枝木纤维的制备及抗菌性能研究

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为稳定剂和分散剂,硼氢化钠为还原剂制备了聚乙烯吡咯烷酮-银纳米微粒(PVP-Ag NPs),并将其通过硅烷偶联剂接枝到木纤维上,得到了具有抗菌活性的木纤维。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和傅里叶-红外光谱(FT-IR)对PVP-Ag NPs接枝的木纤维进行了结构形貌的表征,并且通过热重分析仪(TG)分析其热稳定性能。结果表明,PVP-Ag NPs接枝木纤维的最佳反应条件是硅烷偶联剂用量4%、偶合时间5 h及接枝时间10 h,此条件下得到PVP-Ag NPs接枝木纤维的接枝率为5.8%;PVP-Ag NPs接枝的木纤维对革兰氏阳性菌金黄色葡萄球菌、蜡状芽疱杆菌、革兰氏阴性菌大肠埃希氏菌以及耐药性细菌耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌这4种菌种的抑菌率均大于95%,此外,PVP-Ag NPs接枝到木纤维板上的抗菌效果也较好。     

剑麻基抗菌纤维的制备及其结构与性能

在 0 .2 m ol/L 的硝酸溶液中 ,以 0 .0 5 mol/L 高锰酸钾为引发剂先合成剑麻接枝聚丙烯腈纤维。然后用水合肼进行功能化改性 ,合成了一种新型的天然剑麻基抗菌纤维 ,并测定了它的抗菌消臭性能。结果表明 :剑麻纤维经接枝聚丙烯腈改性功能化后 ,其表面含有多种含氮、含氧、杂环等官能团 ,对不同菌类具备优异的杀菌活性 ,并且具有广谱抗菌 ,作用时间持久和效率高等特点。     

含铜抗菌纤维

含铜抗菌纤维是一种功能性纤维,具有阻断疾病传播、消除异味、修复皮肤等效果,是新型的抗菌纺织品,目前流行于欧美等国。主要介绍了含铜抗菌纤维的分类、特点,着重陈述了以卡普龙含铜纤维为代表的接枝改性抗菌纤维的抗菌机制及优势。     

光催化抗菌纤维的制备

将制备锐钛矿TiO2纳米无机粒子工艺与纤维化学改性工艺相结合,以钛酸四丁酯为原料,由纳米粒子表面的羟基与纤维的活性羧基发生酯化反应而接枝在纤维表面,制备出光催化抗菌纤维。本文研究了钛酸四丁酯酯溶液浓度、pH值、温度和时间对接枝率的影响,结果表明,接枝率越高,抗菌性越强,反应物浓度为0.1 mol/L、pH值为4、温度为75℃、时间为2 h时,接枝率达到16.40%。     

抗菌蔗渣浆纤维的制备及其性能研究

以漂白蔗渣浆为原料、3-氯-2-羟基丙基三甲基氯化铵为抗菌剂,在碱性条件下发生醚化反应,制备具有广谱抗菌性能的抗菌蔗渣浆纤维。研究了接枝率、接触时间、菌液浓度、洗涤次数对抗菌蔗渣浆纤维抑菌率的影响,试验表明:当接枝率为3%时,抗菌蔗渣浆纤维对大肠埃希菌、金黄葡萄球菌、白念珠菌的抑菌率均为100%;且经过20次洗涤后,抗菌蔗渣浆纤维的抑菌率仍在90%以上,耐洗涤性能好。抗菌蔗渣浆纤维可用于制备具有抗菌性能的食品包装纸,进而实现蔗渣浆纤维的高值化利用。     

抗菌粘胶纤维结构性能研究

通过在粘胶纤维表面进行接枝预处理,采用耐酸耐碱型表面活性剂APG作为载银纳米SiO2抗菌剂的乳化分散剂,以两种不同工艺方法分别制备抗菌粘胶纤维,测试制得的抗菌粘胶纤维的抗菌性能及力学性能。结果表明,粘胶纤维经接枝过渡层预处理后,纳米抗菌剂渗入接枝过渡层,形成一层抗菌功能层,与未经预处理制得的抗菌纤维相比,该工艺制得的抗菌粘胶纤维具有更好的抗菌效果及耐洗涤性,且其力学性能有利于后处理加工。     

抗菌聚丙烯的制备及其抗菌性能

采用熔融接枝法将反应性有机抗菌剂接枝到聚丙烯上得到抗菌聚丙烯.通过控制有机抗菌剂的添加量,成功制备了一系列抗菌聚丙烯,研究了其对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌性能以及持久抗菌效果,并与采用共混法制备的抗菌聚丙烯进行比较.结果表明:采用熔融接枝法制备的抗菌聚丙烯的抑菌效率大于99％,所需最低抗菌剂含量为1％(w);通过反...     

烷基化聚乙烯亚胺接枝SiO_x抗菌剂用于聚乙烯的性能

以纳米SiOx粉体为载体,通过共价接枝修饰,制备出烷基化聚乙烯亚胺接枝SiOx纳米抗菌剂,将其添加到高聚物中制备出抗菌聚乙烯(PE)塑料。实验结果表明:纳米SiOx粉体已经成功接枝上了有机高分子基团,添加3%这种抗菌剂制备的抗菌PE塑料对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌率都大于96%,达到了强抗菌效果,并且制备的抗菌PE塑料具有良好的抗菌长效性。     

Structure and properties of composite antibacterial PET fibers

Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) had been compounded with antibacterial materials for preparing antibacterial masterbatch using a twin‐screw extruder. Composite antibacterial PET fibers were prepared using the antibacterial masterbatch and pure PET resin by high‐speed melt‐spinning device, with spinning rate 3500 m/min. The antibacterial PET fibers of 5 wt % antibacterial materials were very effective against tested germs, with antibacterial ratios more than 90%, and had well mechanical properties. Scanning electron microscopy micrograph shows that antibacterial materials have been well dispersed in PET matrix. Microstructure of composite antibacterial fibers was studied by X‐ray diffraction, and the nucleating effect of antibacterial materials in the cooling crystallization process of PET was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Result of thermogravimetry (TG) result shows that the addition of antibacterial materials accelerated the degradation of PET. The aged properties of antibacterial fibers were evaluated. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

天然及改性抗菌纤维的现状及发展

介绍了天然抗菌纤维以及改性抗菌纤维的概况、抗菌机理、国内外研究的现状;详述了改性抗菌纤维的加工方法及工艺条件;指出了天然及改性抗菌纤维的发展前景,今后应进一步关注银系抗菌剂稳定性研究、螯合抗菌纤维的开发以及抗菌剂的复配.     

聚己内酯/纳米氧化锌抗菌静电纺丝膜的制备及性能表征

利用静电纺丝技术制备聚己内酯（PCL）/纳米氧化锌（ZnO）超细纤维,通过扫描电子显微镜、差示扫描量热仪研究了静电纺丝电压和ZnO用量对复合纤维的直径、热性能和结晶性能的影响,并通过抗菌实验研究了PCL/ZnO复合纤维膜的抗菌性能。结果表明,随着纺丝电压的升高,PCL的直径先减小后增加,熔点（Tm）和片晶厚度（Lc）呈现先增加后减小的趋势;随着ZnO用量的增加,PCL/ZnO复合纤维的直径在不同电压下均逐渐增加,Tm和结晶度（Xc）也逐渐增加;当ZnO的含量为2.0 %时抗菌性能最强,并在放置60 d后抗菌性能依旧没有明显下降。     

Preparation and characterization of polypropylene/silver nanocomposite fibers

Bicomponent sheath‐core fibers were prepared by a general melt‐spinning method with polypropylene chips and silver nanoparticles. The melt‐spun fibers were characterized by DSC, WAXS and SEM. The antibacterial effect was evaluated by an AATCC 100 test, a quantitative method. The results of the DSC thermogram and the intensity pattern of X‐ray diffraction indicated that the crystallinity of polypropylene including silver nanoparticles was slightly decreased compared with that of pure polypropylene fibers. SEM micrographs showed that the average diameter of the silver nanoparticles was approximately 30 nm and some particles had aggregated. The fibers, which contained silver in the core part, did not show antibacterial effects. Fibers with added silver in the sheath part, however, exhibited excellent antibacterial effects. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry     

Antibacterial properties of raw and degummed silk with nanosilver in various conditions

This article is concerned with the effects of nanosized silver colloids on the antibacterial properties of silk fibers against two kinds of bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Different concentrations of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs; 10, 25, 50, and 100 ppm) were applied to silk fibers by an exhaust method. The effect of medium pH on the Ag NP uptake on the fibers was studied. Also, sodium carbonate and sodium chloride were added to the liquor as auxiliaries. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the morphology of the silk fibers. The antibacterial activity was examined by a bacterial counting method. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy was also used to show the elements on the surface of the silk fibers. We observed that the antibacterial activity increased with silver treatment. It also increased with decreasing pH, especially for the raw silk. The use of NaCl improved the uniformity of the Ag NPs on the fiber surface and increased the antibacterial activities. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

Synthesis of modified poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers with antibacterial properties and their characterization

Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers were grafted with vinyl monomers by utilizing benzoyl peroxide. Grafted PET fibers were modified in optimized conditions with several functional groups such as amine, chlorine, hydrogen peroxide_, and triclosan to gain antibacterial feature. The second part of this study comprised examination of the antibacterial features of PET fibers via use of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) bacteria. Kirby-Bauer test is used to study antibacterial properties. The longest zone diameter for Trc-GMA-g-PET fibers was 56?mm for E. Coli whereas the biggest diameter for S. aureus bacteria was 130?mm with Trc-MMA-g-PET fibers.     

生物质石墨烯改性聚酰胺纤维的制备及性能表征

采用聚合物熔融共混纺丝方法制备含有不同比例的生物质石墨烯的改性聚酰胺复合纤维,通过对其力学性能、远红外性能和抗菌性能的表征,发现随着生物质石墨烯含量的不断增加,复合纤维的力学性能、远红外发射率和抗菌性能得到改善;当生物质石墨烯质量分数为1%时,纤维的抗菌性能达到最佳。     

静电纺丝抗菌聚氨酯纳米纤维的结构与性能

在聚氨酯/四氢呋喃-N,-二甲基甲酰胺(PU/THF-DMF)溶液中分别添加质量分数为5%的TiO_2-Ag,HM-98,三氯均二苯胺(TCC),4-氯-3,5-二甲基苯酚(PCMX),2,4,4'-三氯-2'-羟基二苯酚(DP 300),ε-聚赖氨酸(ε-PLYS)抗菌剂通过静电纺丝技术制备了PU抗菌纳米纤维,并对其性能和结构进行了研究。结果表明:含ε-PLYS,HM-98,TiO_2-Ag,DP300抗菌剂的抗菌PU纳米纤维对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抗菌效果较为优良,抗菌率均达到了99.9%以上,TCC、PCMX抗菌剂的抗菌效果较差;添加HM-98抗菌剂降低了纺丝溶液的可纺性,但纤维直径有所下降;抗菌剂在PU中的分散性好。     

Fabrication of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) starch-based ultrafine fibers: Investigation of fundamental and antimicrobial properties

Micro/nano-based fibrous membranes loaded with antibacterial agents have been widely studied in the medical field. In this research, we describe the development of a new environmentally friendly medical dressing based on centrifugally spun cassava starch-based ultrafine fibers loaded with nanosilver (Ag). For this purpose, the spinnability of amylopectin-rich native cassava starch in a centrifugal spinning system was investigated. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was applied to improve the water stability and mechanical properties of the starch-based fibers, and the water stability of the fibers was further improved by posttreatment with formic acid. The morphology, structure, thermal, and tensile properties were studied. The results indicated that the native cassava starch showed excellent spinnability in the centrifugal spinning system. The tensile strength and water stability of the obtained fibrous membranes were improved by adding PVA and further improved after the posttreatment. The antibacterial properties of fibers loaded with Ag were evaluated through a bacteriostatic zone test, and the results showed that the fibers presented good antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli. Therefore, the obtained fibers have great potential for application in the medical dressing field.