Professor R. N. Parkins Receives Whitney Award from N.A.C.E.

Abstract

In situ metallography has been used to study the effect of temperature on the microstructural changes on the outside surface of primary reformer tubes, used for the production of reformed gas suitable for ammonia synthesis in a 200 tonnes per day capacity ammonia plant. The outside skin temperature varied in the range of 860° to 1050°C. The studies indicated marked changes with increasing temperature in the size of grains and carbide morphology, i.e., the pattern and distribution of primary and secondary carbides.     

艾福表面处理技术（上海）有限公司

阿可／舍舍夫、Tufftride／Tenifer／Melonite／QPQ是法国H．E．F．集团和其Durferrit子公司开发的盐浴表面技术，经过不断发展现已成为无污染的可控液体离子渗氮CLIN（Controlled Liquid Ionic Nitriding）技术。适用于提高钢铁工件表面硬度，耐磨性，抗咬合，抗疲劳性和耐腐蚀性场合。     

Steelmaking / U.S.A.

The history of steelmaking in the United States is a fascinating story of determination, sudden tragedy, exploitation, and inventive genius rolled into one gigantic plot. Mr. Reinartz’ flowing interpretation of the progress made in the last one hundred years is being presented in a series of four articles.     

Steelmaking / U.S.A.

Part II of a four-part series on the history of steelmaking in the US, points out the inadequate safety and living conditions that existed in steel mills at the turn of the Century. Also defined are furnace and process developments.     

Steelmaking / U.S.A.

This is the fourth and final installment of Leo Reinartz’ summation of the steelmaking industry over the first one hundred years.     

Steelmaking / U.S.A.

Part III of a four-part series on the history of steelmaking in the US, describes furnace developments, improvements during the last few decades, and the contribution of the AIME.     

A 19F.N.M.R. study of graphite fluorosulfates

Graphite fluorosulfates, C_nSO₃F, with n = 7 for stage-one materials, are ideally suited for ¹⁹F n.m.r. studies due to the unambiguous identity of the intercalate and its axially symmetric nature. The intensity of the signal shows a clear dependence on the orientation of the c axis with respect to the oscillating radio-frequency field H₁. The chemical shift value, however, is affected by the orientation of the c axis with respect to H₀. The powder spectrum of the stage-one material C₇SO₃F extends from 10 to 100 ppm at low temperatures, while motional narrowing at room temperature contributes to a sharp signal at the lower field end of the powder spectrum, corresponding to an axially symmetric chemical shift tensor. Angular dependence studies on C₇SO₃F samples made from HOPG indicate that the majority of the intercalated SO₃F⁻ ions are oriented with their molecular C₃ symmetry axes parallel to the c axis of graphite, or normal to H₀. Multi-staged samples made from HOPG demonstrate the stage dependence of the chemical shift of intercalated SO₃F⁻ ions. The chemical shift of the stage-one material is observed in the region of 10 – 12 ppm, while higher-staged materials show resonances at less shielded regions.