基于抛物方程的电波相位预测方法

针对大气波导和不规则地形等复杂环境下的电波传播相位预测,研究了基于抛物方程(PE)的相位计算方法,并通过与理想导体平面上自由空间条件下几何光学双射线模型计算的传播相位对比,对该相位计算方法进行了验证.在此基础上,利用PE方法计算的幅度和相位,研究了大气波导对脉冲信号传播的影响.     

蒸发波导A模型在我国海区的适应性研究

蒸发波导是海洋大气中一种常见的自然现象,受其影响,电磁波的传播轨迹会显著改变.利用近几年采集的我国海区的实测修正折射率剖面和气象水文数据,得出了A模型在我国海区的适用性结论.所得结果对波导模型的修正和蒸发波导条件下雷达最大探测距离的预测具有一定的指导意义.     

蒸发波导环境对雷达探测性能的影响

蒸发波导环境中电磁波传输特性与自由空间不同,给雷达的探测性能带来了很大影响.建立了基于蒸发波导环境的传输损耗和射线轨迹模型,分析了其对雷达探测性能、测角精度和测距精度等方面的影响,为雷达探测性能的评估和修正提供了参考.     

基于气象梯度仪的蒸发波导探测

蒸发波导是海洋大气中一种常见的自然现象,受其影响,电磁波的传播轨迹会显著改变。针对蒸发波导的探测,提出了利用岸基铁塔气象梯度仪进行蒸发波导探测法方法并进行了分析,同时与蒸发波导模型的结果进行了初步比较,表明梯度仪是蒸发波导探测的有效手段,对波导模型的修正和蒸发波导条件下雷达最大探测距离的预测具有一定的指导意义。     

海上蒸发波导电波传播特性预测

电磁环境计算是战场电磁环境预测仿真系统的核心,海面上温度的逆增和湿度随高度增加的剧烈递减,使得蒸发波导出现概率较高且持续时间较长。因此,海上蒸发波导具有较高的研究价值,给出一种基于PE模型的电场强度计算方法,引入修正折射指数描述不均匀大气结构,仿真分析了蒸发波导对电波传播的影响,仿真分析表明相比于标准大气结构的传播损耗,蒸发波导对电波传播产生了陷获作用,电波受大气折射,在波导层向下偏转,传播轨迹弯向地面,电波在波导层中传播损耗明显减小,形成超视距传播。     

一种蒸发波导预测的改进模型

利用大概率的近海面蒸发波导效应实现雷达超视距探测已成为目前岸基、舰船无线电测量系统的关键技术之一。在实际应用中,需要由蒸发波导参数建立大气修正折射率剖面的预测模型。针对目前常用的蒸发波导预测只含波导高度和海面修正折射率两个参数,没有考虑波导强度的影响,使得该模型存在一定的误差的现状,通过在原有模型的基础上增加波导强度的影响,建立了高精度的改进模型,使得蒸发波导预测模型的精度得到了有效提高,进而可进一步提高雷达超视距探测精度。实验验证表明,蒸发波导预测改进模型的精度远远高于常用的模型,且波导强度越强,则改正模型的精度越高。     

改进的近地谐波探测传播模型

对工作于近地条件的谐波探测系统，自由空间假设下导出的谐波雷达方程已经不足以预测和解释观测过程中的诸多现象，故本文基于目标特性和环境因素研究了这类系统的修正传播模型。一是引入目标谐波特性修正，使得接收谐波随距离的衰减率更加符合实际测量；二是引入基波和谐波的多径效应分析，使得模型具备预测和解释近地观测的接收功率振荡现象。此外进行仿真分析并搭设了测量系统，设计了室内近程和室外长程的实测实验，验证了传播模型所预测的探测盲区现象，并提出了对其加以缓解和利用的思路构想，对近地谐波探测系统设计和性能评估具有积极意义.     

海上蒸发波导PJ模型在我国海区的适应性初步研究

 本文简述了海上蒸发波导的测量方法,分析了气象水文参数测量误差对Paulus-Jesk(PJ)模型的影响,利用近两年海上实验采集的我国部分海区在各种气象条件下蒸发波导大气折射率剖面和海面气象水文数据,研究了PJ模型的适用条件,以及PJ模型估计出的蒸发波导高度与实测结果的偏差情况,可为蒸发波导模型的修正和蒸发波导条件下雷达最大探测距离的预测提供参考.     

粗糙海面建模及其在蒸发波导传播中的应用研究

海上蒸发波导微波超视距电波传播对舰载雷达的运行具有重要的影响. 本文基于粗糙海面电波散射特征和海面高度分布概率密度函数,提出了一种考虑海面遮蔽影响的海上电波传播计算方法,并与两种不包含遮蔽影响的粗糙海面建模的计算结果进行了模拟和试验对比. 计算结果为:1）随着计算频率和风速的增大,不同粗糙海面处理方法的计算结果差异增大,对应位置的路径损耗差异可达10 dB;2）基于试验数据的对比初步显示采用考虑遮蔽影响改进的抛物方程模型预测的路径损耗精度相对较高,粗糙海面对电波的遮蔽效应是蒸发波导传播损耗计算中的一个重要因素;3）试验结果为不稳定大气时采用NPS蒸发波导模型、稳定大气时采用PJ蒸发波导模型预测大气折射率剖面,所预测的路径损耗要优于采用单一蒸发波导模型的结果. 本文所得结果对海上电波传播计算和大气波导的反演等具有参考价值.     

蒸发波导条件下雷达探测距离的估计方法

雷达波在近海面传播时受到各种因素的影响,使得雷达探测出现异常现象,尤其在蒸发波导条件下,会形成波导传播。文中描述了通过气象水文信息得到蒸发波导折射率剖面,再由电波传播模型和修正的雷达方程估计出雷达在蒸发波导条件下的作用距离。并通过试验,初步验证了上述方法。     

Modeling of the Division Point of Different Propagation Mechanisms in the Near-Region Within Arched Tunnels

An accurate characterization of the near-region propagation of radio waves inside tunnels is of practical importance for the design and planning of advanced communication systems. However, there has been no consensus yet on the propagation mechanism in this region. Some authors claim that the propagation mechanism follows the free space model, others intend to interpret it by the multi-mode waveguide model. This paper clarifies the situation in the near-region of arched tunnels by analytical modeling of the division point between the two propagation mechanisms. The procedure is based on the combination of the propagation theory and the three-dimensional solid geometry. Three groups of measurements are employed to verify the model in different tunnels at different frequencies. Furthermore, simplified models for the division point in five specific application situations are derived to facilitate the use of the model. The results in this paper could help to deepen the insight into the propagation mechanism within tunnel environments.     

Radio propagation at 900 MHz in underground coal mines

This paper reports on experimental results of radio propagation in two underground coal mines. Measurements were performed at 900 MHz on horizontal and vertical polarization in typical coal mine operational zones. Values of propagation loss in dB/100 m are derived. Additional losses due to coal mine curvatures and common coal mining equipment obstructions are also presented. A hybrid tunnel propagation model consisting of the free space propagation model and the modified waveguide propagation model is used to explain some measurement results. Based on these results, we believe that microcellular radio communications systems are feasible in coal mines     

Novel model for propagation loss prediction in tunnels

Radio signal propagation in a tunnel exhibits distinct near and far regions with quite different propagation characteristics. This paper proposes a model that can distinguish these propagation regions and predict their respective propagation losses in the tunnel. The model relies on a break point to separate the propagation regions and a hybrid technique to calculate the propagation losses. The location of the break point is determined with the solution of a novel tunnel-propagation equation for the first time. The solution shows that the location of the break point depends strongly upon frequency, antenna position, and tunnel transversal dimensions. The model is compared with data measured in various tunnels at different frequencies (900 MHz, 1.8 GHz, and 2.448 GHz). The results show reasonable agreement between predictions and measurements.     

Measurements and Statistical Modeling of 900 MHz Radio Propagation Channels for Microcellular and Personal Communications in Tunnels

This paper reports the results of measurements of 900 MHz narrow-band radio wave propagation in four tunnels with pedestrians and vehicles. Analysis of the measured data files shows that the power distance factor ranges from 1.87 to 4.44. The power attenation rate with distance is insensitive to the location of the transmit antenna in the cross section of a tunnel, but the transmit antenna insertion loss is. The log-normal distribution fits slow variation of the received signals. The Racian distribution closely describes fast fading in the straight sections of tunnels. However, the Rayleigh distribution does not fit the fast fading in the curved sections of tunnels, as expected.     

介质加载型混合表面等离子体波导的损耗特性

为实现长距离传输及亚波长尺度的模式限制,在传统介质加载型表面等离子结构的基础上,设计了一种微孔介质加载混合表面等离子体波导,采用时域有限差分法(FDTD)对该波导模式场分布及传输特性进行了相应的研究。研究表明所设计的波导结构具有较强的局域场限制,通过在孔内填充增益介质,使混合等离子体波导的传输损耗得到了补偿,输出端的表面等离子激元实现了增益放大。结果表明,通过调整波导的几何参数和电磁参数,可以显著提高波导的场限制,降低波导本身的损耗,其中当孔与金属之间距离为44 nm时,波导的损耗达最小约为-13 dB/m。这一设计可以为光子器件集成提供一定的理论和实验借鉴价值。     

隧道内圆极化电磁波传播特性的研究

交通隧道的发展要求实现全程的无线通信。运用波导理论及格林函数法对圆极化电磁波在长直圆形隧道中的场分布及传播特性进行了研究,得到了轴向距离的电场分布计算表达式,与已有隧道内传播损耗模型的比较也表明此模型更准确有效,其结果对于隧道内通信网络的优化有一定的指导意义。     

3kW射频板条CO2激光器抛物面非稳波导腔研究

为了提高传统球面镜腔3kW射频板条CO2激光器光束质量,设计了新型抛物面镜负支非稳-波导混合腔;结合标量光束的瑞利-索末菲衍射理论与特征向量法,研究了大菲涅耳数下镜面类型对非稳波导混合腔光场传输特性的影响;利用矩形波导理论、1维近似分析得出了波导传输损耗及偏振情况。结果表明,将非稳方向输出镜和尾镜改为与光轴交点处曲率半径为R1=951.32mm和R2=1088.68mm的抛物镜面,能够避免尾镜漏光,可有效改善模式鉴别特性;常用波导电极镀膜材料中,镀铝电极内波导方向传输损耗最小,传输光场为x偏振的EH1模。采用电极镀铝的抛物面非稳波导腔能够降低损耗、提升光束质量。     

隧道中UHF窄带无线电波传播信道的特性

本文以在五个不同隧道中的实验数据为基础，分析了窄带ＵＨＦ无线电波在隧道中的传播特性，给出了表征空直隧道传播损耗的距离因子，并讨论了隧道中的行人、车辆及隧道弯曲度对传播特性的影响。研究表明，接收信号的慢衰落基本服从对数正态分布，快衰落在直遂道中满足Ｒｉｃｉａｎ分布，在弯曲隧道中Ｒａｙｌｅｉｇｈ分布并不能很好地模拟快衰落的分布。     

地面视距传播的临界距离

在地面视距传播中,可能会出现满足自由空间传播条件的情况,但自由空间模型的应用必须考虑传播距离的限制。对限制自由空间模型应用的临界距离进行了理论上的探讨,对临界距离的计算公式进行了推导,并对其物理意义和应用范围进行了分析说明。     

WCDMA downlink capacity of cigar-shaped microcells for long tunnels

In this paper, the Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) downlink capacity and the interference statistics of long tunnel cigar-shaped microcells are analyzed. The hybrid model of propagation is used in the analysis where a model of 10 cigar-shaped microcells is used. The downlink capacity is given for different sector radio R, break point distance R _b and propagation parameters (s and γ). It is found that the effect of changing the value of the propagation parameter s is very small. Also, it is noticed that, increasing the propagation parameter γ will increase the sector downlink. It is found that, the effect of changing the break point distance R _b is quasi null. Finally it is noticed that the imperfect power control reduces the downlink capacity by 4 %.