张量正交局部敏感判别式分析及其在人脸识别中的应用

针对人脸识别的特征提取问题,本文提出了一种张量正交局部敏感判别分析(Tensor-based Orthogonal Locality Sensitive Discriminant Analysis, Tensor-OLSDA)的人脸识别算法。张量正交局部敏感判别分析在保持了流形的局部几何结构的同时加强了全局判别结构,并克服了局部敏感判别分析算法中非正交性带来的度量失真和维数估计困难等问题,从而增强了数据的可分性,提高了识别效果。张量正交局部敏感判别分析首先将人脸数据表示成高阶张量形式,在进行特征提取时将高阶张量数据沿不同阶展开,再利用特征根之间的正交性约束条件,求解正交局部敏感判别式分析特征子空间,最后将高阶人脸数据投影于这个特征子空间,进行识别。在AT&T和YaleB人脸库上的实验结果表明,Tensor-OLSDA具有良好的分类性能,能获得较为理想的识别结果。      

基于张量模型的暴力音频检测研究

针对传统方法忽略时序信息的问题,提出了一种基于张量模型的暴力音频分类技术.该方法首先对音频样本提出矩阵特征,然后把同一类型的样本特征组成一个张量特征.采用ALS算法对张量进行分解,然后提出一个基于张量模型的分类器.实验结果表明,张量模型的特征对暴力音频分类问题具有一定提高效果,证明了保留时间维度上的信息是有意义的.     

基于图像隶属度的主分量分析人脸识别算法

提出了基于图像隶属度的主分量人脸识别算法.该算法首先用小波变换对人脸图像进行小波分解,形成低频小波子图,然后用主分量分析法构造特征脸子空间.计算训练样本和待测样本在人脸特征空间中的投影向量间的距离.引入图像隶属函数,作为识别分类器进行人脸识别.针对ORL人脸库的实验结果表明该方法具有良好的识别分离能力.     

基于小波变换的人脸识别方法

人脸识别技术是让机器具有人的智能,可以记忆、辨认人的一种前沿技术。它结合了计算机图形学,计算机图象处理和模式识别等多种学科领域。本文研究本文提出一种基于小波包和PCA变换相结合的特征及融合人脸识别方法,首先对人脸图像进行二维小波包分解,对融合后的高频子图再进行PCA分解,得低频主分量,足后对高低频主分量进行融合处理,得最终的鉴别特征。分别在ORL和YaleA人脸库上进行试验,试验结果表明该方法提高了识别率。     

基于Gabor小波与RBF神经网络的人脸识别新方法

在人脸识别中,高维、小样本是一个问题.对此,提出了一种基于Gabor小波与径向基函数(RBF)神经网络的人脸识别方法.首先对人脸进行Gabor滤波,选取有效的Gabor组合.进行小波分解,获取低频图像,构造特征矢量,采用主分量分析降低特征维数.接着,提出了一种聚类方法用于确定RBF神经网络的结构和初值,采用混合学习法训练RBF神经网络.用ORL人脸库进行试验,结果表明本文提出的方法具有优秀的学习效率和识别效果.     

抗年龄干扰的人脸识别

本文将人脸图像特征分解为身份特征部分和年龄干扰特征部分,并分别投影到两个独立的子空间.为了提高由字典张成的特征子空间的表征能力和区分能力,字典学习过程中同时引入了人脸图像的重构误差约束项和类别约束项.因此,任意的人脸特征都可以由学习到的身份字典和年龄字典投影到对应的身份子空间和年龄子空间,然后再基于身份子空间进行人脸识别,从而使年龄的干扰得到了有效的抑制.通过在MORPH和FGNET数据库上的实验,证实了基于年龄不变的身份特征子空间学习方法能提升人脸识别性能.     

采用新型纹理特征的2DLDA人脸识别算法

针对现有基于纹理特征的人脸识别算法中纹理特征维数偏大且对噪声较敏感等不足,提出了用于描述人脸图像大尺度局部特征的中心四点二元模式（Center Quad Binary Pattern, C-QBP）和用于描述图像小尺度局部特征的简化四点二元模式（Simplified Quad Binary Pattern, S-QBP）两种互补的新型纹理特征。在此基础上,实现基于新型纹理特征的2DLDA人脸识别算法。首先对人脸图像进行多级分割,再对所产生的图像块提取C-QBP和S-QBP纹理特征,构建纹理特征矩阵。最后,采用2DLDA子空间学习算法实现基于新型纹理特征的人脸识别。实验结果表明,本文所提出的人脸识别算法的识别率明显高于其他基于纹理特征和子空间学习的人脸识别算法。当每一类训练样本数统一设置为5,特征维数为48×4时,在ORL人脸库上,本文所提出的人脸识别算法的识别率达98.68%;在YALE人脸库上,特征维数为48×36时,识别率达99.42%;在FERET人脸库上,特征维数为48×26时,识别率为91.73%。      

基于加权高阶奇异值分解的支持张量机图像分类

为了有效提高图像分类的准确率,充分利用图像本身的结构信息并压缩图像数据,首先构造三阶图像特征张量,利用非负矩阵分解(NMF)在张量子空间降维,提出了一种基于二维主成分分析(2DPCA)来得到NMF初始点的方法,保证了图像信息的有效利用.然后,为了保持降维后的张量子空间所在的流形空间的本征结构,根据图像类标构造权值矩阵,并把图像集合构造成四阶张量实现图像的分类.通过对两个图像数据库的实验,表明该方法能有效提升图像分类的准确率.     

核典型相关分析的融合人脸识别算法

为了更有效地映射图像数据样本到可分类特征空间,提高分类正确率,提出了一种新的基于核函数的典型相关分析的融合人脸识别算法.该方法首先把图像矩阵通过核函数影射到核空间,然后从核空间的行和列两个方向进行特征抽取,同时避免分解映射后的数据矩阵,简化了数据运算,获得了更具鉴别力的分类特征.在Ohio州立大学的OTCBVS可见/红外人脸数据库中进行了分类识别实验,实验结果表明:该方法可以获得90%以上的识别正确率,优于其他的典型相关分析的人脸识别方法的分类正确率.此外,对不均匀光照变化,表情变化等人脸识别的常见问题具有很好的抵抗能力.     

基于快速张量分解的波束空间MIMO雷达二维DOA估计算法

传统MIMO雷达由于采用全向发射模式导致目标增益损失严重,致使DOA估计算法性能较差.因此,本文提出基于波束空间MIMO雷达的张量模型和快速张量分解的二维DOA估计算法.波束空间MIMO雷达能够通过发射波束成形技术将发射能量集中到指定空域,弥补传统MIMO雷达的发射增益损失.通过高阶张量模型应用MIMO雷达多脉冲接收数...     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.