A(H1N1)流感病毒及抗病毒新药的筛选

A(H1N1)流感病毒是2009年3～4月在美国和墨西哥发现的一种流感病毒变异的新病毒株.这类流感疫情的蔓延引起了世界各国和世界卫生组织的严重关注.本文介绍了A(H1N1)流感新病毒株及感染这种病毒患者的症状,A(H1N1)流感病毒的致命力和传播,流感病毒变异对抗病毒药的抗药性,以及1918年流感大流行病毒聚合酶特性,人流感病毒和禽流感病毒聚合酶的结晶结构及其在感染中的作用.据此,提出了抗流感病毒药的筛选思路和研究方向,为抗流感病毒新药的设计和开发提供有益的参考.     

A(H1N1)流感病毒及抗病毒新药的筛选

A(H1N1)流感病毒是2009年3～4月在美国和墨西哥发现的一种流感病毒变异的新病毒株.这类流感疫情的蔓延引起了世界各国和世界卫生组织的严重关注.本文介绍了A(H1N1)流感新病毒株及感染这种病毒患者的症状,A(H1N1)流感病毒的致命力和传播,流感病毒变异对抗病毒药的抗药性,以及1918年流感大流行病毒聚合酶特性,人流感病毒和禽流感病毒聚合酶的结晶结构及其在感染中的作用.据此,提出了抗流感病毒药的筛选思路和研究方向,为抗流感病毒新药的设计和开发提供有益的参考.     

A(H1N1)流感病毒及抗病毒新药的筛选

A(H1N1)流感病毒是2009年3~4月在美国和墨西哥发现的一种流感病毒变异的新病毒株。这类流感疫情的蔓延引起了世界各国和世界卫生组织的严重关注。本文介绍了A(H1N1)流感新病毒株及感染这种病毒患者的症状,A(H1N1)流感病毒的致命力和传播,流感病毒变异对抗病毒药的抗药性,以及1918年流感大流行病毒聚合酶特性,人流感病毒和禽流感病毒聚合酶的结晶结构及其在感染中的作用。据此,提出了抗流感病毒药的筛选思路和研究方向,为抗流感病毒新药的设计和开发提供有益的参考。     

流感病毒的演变传播及抗病毒药物和疫苗的研究进展

A（H1N1）流感病毒是2009年3-4月在美国和墨西哥发现的一种流感病毒变异的新病毒株。这类流感疫情的蔓延引起了世界各国和世界卫生组织的严重关注。本文介绍了A（H1N1）流感新病毒株及感染这种病毒患者的症状,A（H1N1）流感病毒的致命力和传播,流感病毒变异对抗病毒药的抗药性,以及1918年流感大流行病毒聚合酶特性,人流感病毒和禽流感病毒聚合酶的结晶结构及其在感染中的作用。据此,提出了抗流感病毒药的筛选思路和研究方向,为抗流感病毒新药的设计和开发提供有益的参考。     

甲型流感H1N1病毒遗传进化关系分析

探讨研究当前流行性甲型流感H1N1病毒与已知人流感H1N1病毒、禽流感H1N1病毒,猪流感H1N1病毒之间的遗传进化关系,对7株甲型H1N1、32株已知人流感H1N1、18株禽流感H1N1、33株猪流感H1N1病毒的基因组各基因片段分别进行基因序列遗传进化分析,选取同源性高的毒株构建进化树.结果显示,新型人流感病毒A型H1N1中HA,MP、NA,NP、NS、PB1基因片段与猪流感病毒分离株有很高的同源性,而PA、PB2基因与禽流感病毒分离株同源性较高.     

预防流感，提高人体免疫力是关键

甲型H1N1病毒．从严格意义上讲也是一种人流感病毒。它属于是A型流感病毒。携带有H1N1亚型猪流感病毒毒株．包含有禽流感,猪流感和人流感三种流感病毒的脱氧核糖核酸基因片断．同时拥有亚洲猪流感和非洲猪流感病毒特征。简单地说,甲型H1N1病毒是“禽猪人流感三合一”进化型。     

H7N9对畜禽养殖业影响几何

一、HTN9禽流感在我国爆发2013年3月31日,国家卫生和计划生育委员会（简称“卫计委”）发布通报,上海和安徽发现三例人感染H7N9禽流感病例,其中两例上海患者死亡。一种新型的人感染禽流感病毒H7N9开始进入公众视野。此次在我国发现的人感染H7N9禽流感病毒,是全球首次发现的新亚型人感染流感病毒,此前全球共检出25株H7N9亚型流感病毒,均来自野鸟,从未在家禽中发现。     

H7N9禽流感病毒及抗病毒药物研究进展

1997年发现H5N1禽流感病毒（H5N1 AIV）跨越物种障碍使人感染,致死率60%,表明H5N1是一强致病力的流感病毒。H7N9禽流感病毒是2013年3月在我国上海和安徽发现并感染人的一种新的禽流感病毒株。我国立即采取了重大措施加以控制。H7N9禽流感的出现受到了世界许多国家和世界卫生组织的严重关注。本文介绍了禽流感病毒的分类和命名法,及以往H7禽流感的流行和人感染病例,讨论了H7亚型致病力的机制,综述了H7N9流感病毒及抗病毒药物研究进展,为H7N9禽流感的预防、治疗的研究和新药开发提供有益的参考。     

琐琐葡萄总黄酮在体外对乙型肝炎病毒的影响

目的：考察琐琐葡萄总黄酮体外抗乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)的效果。方法：用HBV DNA转染人肝癌细胞所得的HepG 2.2.15细胞株为模型,ELISA法测定用药后8d细胞培养上清液中HBsAg和HBeAg含量,计算琐琐葡萄总黄酮对HBsAg和HBeAg分泌的抑制率,荧光定量PCR法测定HBV DNA的变化,MTT比色法检测细胞毒性。结果：琐琐葡萄总黄酮在12.5～100μg/mL范围内,均能不同程度地减少细胞培养上清液中HBsAg和HBeAg的含量,且细胞毒性小,半数中毒剂量(TC50)为284.91μg/mL,对HBsAg半数有效剂量(IC50)为327.56μg/mL、对HBeAg为215.34μg/mL,对HBsAg治疗指数(TI)为0.87、对HBeAg治疗指数为1.32;总黄酮质量浓度100μg/mL时对HBV DNA的抑制率为47.63%。结论：琐琐葡萄总黄酮具有一定的体外抗HBV作用。     

甲流应采取主动防御措施——通过一次临床试验对病毒性流感前期药物防疫效应的思考

根据已公布的国内几家疾病控制中心2006年对流感病毒的检测分型报告显示,我国该年4—7月所爆发的流感病毒出B型病毒外,其中有部分是H1N1型病毒和HINI亚型病毒;回顾2006年复方三黄胶囊治疗艾滋病临床试验中,现场近200名受试者在流感爆发期间基本未受到流感病毒感染;以上现象可能与该品种能提高人体细胞免疫机能和一定的抗病毒药效相关联。     

Short communication: Antiviral activity of subcritical water extract of Brassica juncea against influenza virus A/H1N1 in nonfat milk

Subcritical water extract (SWE) of Brassica juncea was studied for antiviral effects against influenza virus A/H1N1 and for the possibility of application as a nonfat milk supplement for use as an “antiviral food.” At maximum nontoxic concentrations, SWE had higher antiviral activity against influenza virus A/H1N1 than n-hexane, ethanol, or hot water (80°C) extracts. Addition of 0.5 mg/mL of B. juncea SWE to culture medium led to 50.35% cell viability (% antiviral activity) for Madin-Darby canine kidney cells infected with influenza virus A/H1N1. Nonfat milk supplemented with 0.28 mg/mL of B. juncea SWE showed 39.62% antiviral activity against influenza virus A/H1N1. Thus, the use of B. juncea SWE as a food supplement might aid in protection from influenza viral infection.     

Effects of yogurt containing probiotics on respiratory virus infections: Influenza H1N1 and SARS-CoV-2

Respiratory virus infections are an escalating issue and have become common worldwide. Influenza and COVID-19 are typical infectious respiratory diseases, and they sometimes lead to various complications. In a situation in which no established drug or treatment exists, consumption of proper food might be beneficial in maintaining health against external infections. We studied the potential effects of mixtures of probiotic strains on various viral infections. The purpose of this study was to assess the ability of yogurt containing probiotics to reduce the risk of respiratory viruses such as influenza H1N1 and SARS-CoV-2 infection. First, we performed in vitro tests using infected Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) and Vero E6 cells, to evaluate the potential effects of yogurt containing high-dose probiotics against influenza H1N1 and SARS-CoV-2 infection. The yogurt significantly reduced plaque formation in the virus-infected cells. We also performed in vivo tests using influenza H1N1-infected C57BL/6 mice and SARS-CoV-2-infected Syrian golden hamsters, to evaluate the potential effects of yogurt. Yogurt was administered orally once daily during the experimental period. Yogurt was also administered orally as pretreatment once daily for 3 wk before viral infection. Regarding influenza H1N1, it was found that yogurt caused an increase in the survival rate, body weight, and IFN-γ, IgG1, and IL-10 levels against viral infection and a decrease in the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6. Although the SARS-CoV-2 copy number was not significantly reduced in the lungs of yogurt-treated SARS-CoV-2-infected hamsters, the body weights and histopathological findings of the lungs were improved in the yogurt-treated group. In conclusion, we suggest that consumption of yogurt containing probiotics can lead to beneficial effects to prevent respiratory viral infections.     

甲型H1N1流感病毒三维空间结构预测

采用从头计算思想,用改良的遗传算法对甲型H1N1流感病毒的蛋白质空间结构进行预测研究。基于蛋白质空间结构的HP模型,构建甲型H1N1流感病毒蛋白质空间结构的3DHP模型,并利用改良的遗传算法找到最小自由能结构,从而预测得到甲型H1N1流感病毒蛋白质三维空间结构。利用蛋白质空间结构数据建立距离矩阵,通过相关性分析和显著性检验,表明预测结构与已知结构存在高度的一致性。该模型提供了一种快速预测甲型H1N1流感病毒结构的方法。     

低浓度金属离子体外抗病毒研究

采用细胞病变效应(CPE)抑制实验观察和分析低浓度Zn2+、Cu2+和Mn2+金属离子对病毒的抑制作用。低浓度Zn2+在体外有较好的抑制单纯疱疹病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒和副流感病毒的致病作用;低浓度Cu2+和Mn2+在体外有较好的抑制副流感的致病作用。研究表明,将金属离子进行复合不但可以提高抑制作用,而且可以降低单一离子的浓度。     

Mumefural and related HMF derivatives from Japanese apricot fruit juice concentrate show multiple inhibitory effects on pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus

Fruit-juice concentrate of Japanese apricot (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.) has been shown to be effective against influenza A infection in MDCK cells. In this study, we isolated five components from the fruit-juice concentrate of Japanese apricot, 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-formylfuran (HMF), 1-[5-(2-formylfuryl)methyl]dihydrogen 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate (mumefural, MF), 2-[5-(2-formylfuryl)methyl]dihydrogen 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate (MF‘), 1-[5-(2-formylfuryl)methyl]hydrogen 1-hydroxyethane-1,2-dicarboxylate (MA1) and 2-[5-(2-formylfuryl)methyl]hydrogen 1-hydroxyethane-1,2-dicarboxylate (MA2), and investigated their inhibitory activities against the novel influenza A/Narita/1/2009 (H1N1) pandemic virus hemagglutinin and neuraminidase functions, which are essential for viral attachment and budding, respectively. An hemagglutination inhibition assay indicated that MF and MF‘ were effective at minimum hemagglutination concentrations of 3.1 and 6.3 mM, respectively. An inhibition study for sialidase activity of the neuraminidase spike showed that MF was the most active anti-sialidase compound with an IC₅₀ value of 0.21 ± 0.01 mM, followed by MA2 (IC₅₀, 0.71 ± 0.09 mM), MA1 (IC₅₀, 1.64 ± 0.31 mM) and MF‘(IC₅₀, 1.62 ± 0.22 mM). Furthermore, MF was shown to inhibit the growth of the pandemic virus in a dose-dependent manner (62 ± 3% inhibition at 5 mM). The results suggest that MF, a citric acid ester linked to HMF at the 1-position of the propane backbone, might be a lead compound for the development of anti-influenza A inhibitors.     

Characteristic features of InfA-15 monoclonal antibody recognizing H1, H3, and H5 subtypes of hemagglutinin of influenza virus A type

Hemagglutinin molecule is an envelope protein of influenza virus and plays an important role in the infection to human cells. Many mutations are observed in the molecule, which generates sixteen subtypes (H1–H16) of the hemagglutinin molecule for influenza virus A type. The subtypes such as H1, H2, H3, and H5 out of the sixteen are underlined molecules, which are responsible to Spain, Asia, Hong Kong, and Avian Flu, respectively. Based on the sequence analysis, three short sequences, which are highly conserved in the subtypes of influenza virus A type, were extracted. The sequence peptides were chemically synthesized and conjugated with BSA for immunization into Balb/c mice. A sequence GMVDGWYG located at the domain of fusion protein in the hemagglutinin molecule exhibited a high immuno-response, resulting in the production of a monoclonal antibody (mAb; InfA-15). The unique features of InfA-15 mAb were investigated from the viewpoint of immunological reaction, the binding affinity, the steric conformation, etc. The InfA-15 mAb could react with the H1, H3, and H5 subtype of hemagglutinin molecule of influenza virus A type. ELISAs using InfA-15 mAb suggested a wide reaction spectrum for the hemagglutinin of many important influenza viruses A type.     

Microassay for measuring thermal inactivation of H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus in naturally infected chicken meat

A precise, reproducible microassay was developed to measure thermal inactivation of high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) virus in chicken meat. Small pieces of breast or thigh meat (0.05 g) from chickens infected with A/chicken/Pennsylvania/1370/1983 (H5N2) (PA/83) or A/chicken/Korea/ES/2003 (H5N1) (Korea/03) HPAI viruses were tested for inactivation in the heating block of a thermocycler. Korea/03 infected thigh and breast meat had higher virus concentrations (10(6.8) and 10(5.6) mean embryo infectious doses [EID(50)]/g, respectively) compared to PA/83 infected thigh and breast meat (10(2.8) and 10(2.3) EID(50)/g, respectively). The samples were ran through a ramp-up cycle from 25 to 70 degrees C, and meat samples were removed and examined for virus infectivity at 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 degrees C, and after treatment for 1, 5, 10, 30 and 60 s at 70 degrees C. The reduction in virus infectivity titers was dependent on virus concentration and no HPAI virus was isolated after 1 s of treatment at 70 degrees C. A change in coloration from pink-tan to white was associated with a loss in recovery of infectious virus. The microassay provided a predictable and reproducible method to measure thermal inactivation of HPAI virus in chicken meat.