羧酸型减水剂与水泥的相容性研究

选用含有亲水性羧基、酸酐基、磺酸基、聚环氧乙烷侧链的单体共聚合成了3种羧酸型减水剂,针对4种不同产地的P.O 42.5水泥,测定了在较低水灰比（mw/mc=0.29）下水泥净浆流动度及30 min经时变化,混凝土坍落度及180 min经时变化.净浆流动度30 min损失小于13.8%,混凝土坍落度60 min损失小于15%.3种羧酸型减水剂与不同水泥均具有良好的相容性.     

羧酸型减水剂与水泥的相容性研究

选用含有亲水性羧基、酸酐基、磺酸基、聚环氧乙烷侧链的单体共聚合成了3种羧酸型减水剂,针对4种不同产地的P.O 42.5水泥,测定了在较低水灰比(mw/mc=0.29)下水泥净浆流动度及30 min经时变化,混凝土坍落度及180 min经时变化.净浆流动度30 min损失小于13.8%,混凝土坍落度60 min损失小于15%.3种羧酸型减水剂与不同水泥均具有良好的相容性.     

多元聚羧酸高效减水剂的合成及性能研究

与传统减水剂相比,聚羧酸减水剂具有减水率和净浆流动度高及坍落度损失小等特性.基于分子结构设计理论和自由基聚合理论,以两种不同分子量的甲代烯丙基聚乙二醇(TPEG)为大单体,马来酸酐(MAn)、甲基丙烯磺酸钠(MAS)、丙烯酰胺(AM)等为小单体,在引发剂过硫酸铵(APS)的作用下多元共聚合成聚羧酸减水剂.系统地研究了反应温度,反应时间,引发剂和单体用量对减水剂净浆流动度、减水率、坍落度等性能的影响,并探讨了聚羧酸减水剂结构与性能之间的关系.结果表明:与普通聚醚类减水剂相比,该聚羧酸高效减水剂具有较高的净浆流动度、减水率、强度等.当减水剂掺量为0.5％时,其净浆流动度达到315 mm,而减水率可达35％.     

早强型聚羧酸减水剂的合成及性能研究

以丙烯酸(AA)、异丁烯醇聚氧乙烯醚(HPEG)、甲基丙烯磺酸钠(SMAS)等为单体,分别采用丙烯酰胺(AM)、羟甲基丙烯酰胺(HAM)取代部分丙烯酸,通过水溶液聚合法制备出具有早强功能的聚羧酸系减水剂,并探讨了合成条件对水泥净浆流动度的影响.研究结果表明:在单体摩尔比n(AA)∶n(HPEG)∶n(SMAS)=4∶1∶0.36、反应温度为80℃、过硫酸铵(APS)用量为单体总质量的3%时,制备出的聚羧酸减水剂的分散性能较优.当AM取代为18%时,对提高混凝土的早期强度效果较佳,AM比HAM具有更好的早强效果.     

聚羧酸减水剂在水泥和泥土表面的吸附行为

采用有机碳测定仪研究了水泥、泥土和水体系中聚羧酸减水剂吸附量与吸附时间、减水剂浓度、体系温度的关系。同时,对减水剂吸附模型和吸附热进行了分析,探讨了聚羧酸减水剂在水泥、泥土颗粒表面的吸附特性。结果表明:水泥和泥土对聚羧酸减水剂的吸附量随时间延长不断增加,最后达到平衡,同时,泥土比水泥对减水剂的吸附量要大,泥土的掺入量为0.5%就会大大降低水泥净浆的流动度;聚羧酸减水剂的吸附基本符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,水泥和泥土对减水剂的饱和吸附量分别为3.7mg/g和10.1mg/g;水泥和泥土对聚羧酸减水剂的吸附量随温度的增大而减小,其吸附是一个放热过程。     

不同黏土对掺减水剂水泥净浆流动度影响

目的 研究4种不同黏土对掺聚羧酸减水剂及萘系减水剂水泥净浆流动度的影响规律并从黏土的吸附性能角度探究其影响机理.方法 采用水泥净浆流动度试验方法比较了4种黏土对掺聚羧酸减水剂水泥净浆流动度的影响,通过TOC总有机碳测试仪测定了4种黏土对聚羧酸减水剂的吸附量.结果 4种黏土对水泥净浆流动度的影响差异较大,其中钙基蒙脱土和钠基蒙脱土的掺量为2％时,掺聚羧酸减水剂水泥净浆已基本没有流动度,掺萘系减水剂的水泥净浆流动度也有所下降,但降幅稍小,而伊利土和高岭土对掺减水剂水泥净浆流动度无明显负面影响;钙基蒙脱土和钠基蒙脱土对聚羧酸减水剂的吸附量较大,伊利土、高岭土对聚羧酸减水剂的吸附能力和水泥相当.结论蒙脱土对掺聚羧酸减水剂水泥净浆流动度负面影响极为严重,而伊利土和高岭土对掺减水剂水泥净浆基本没有负面影响.     

减水剂在水泥-水界面的吸附现象

目的 研究水泥与减水剂在水介质中的一系列界面物理化学现象,分析水泥与减水剂的相互作用机理,确定系统中界面物理化学现象,指导混凝土外加剂的生产实践.方法 实验选用了萘系减水剂(UNF-5)、氨基磺酸盐系减水剂(AS)、聚羧酸系减水剂(PC-1,PC-2)4种减水剂和基准水泥,研究减水剂在水泥-水界面的吸附现象,通过吸附现象分析减水剂对水泥-水界面动电性质的改变,同时根据吸附量、ζ电位讨论减水剂对水泥净浆流动度的影响.结果 在吸附平衡时,吸附量由大到小排列为UNF-5＞AS＞PC-1＞PC-2.随着吸附量的增加,水泥颗粒表面ζ电位随之增大,最终导致水泥净浆流动度也随着增大.结论 减水剂在水泥-水界面的吸附等温线为双平台型(LS),属于多分子层吸附.阴离子型减水剂皆会通过静电斥力使水泥颗粒得到分散,其中氨基磺酸盐系减水剂和聚羧酸系减水剂通过静电斥力和空间位阻双重作用使水泥颗粒得到分散,从而使水泥的净浆流动度得到提高.     

聚羧酸型高效减水剂的制备

采用多元共聚,通过实验优化,确定最佳原料配比及最优反应条件,合成一种新型聚羧酸高效减水剂.试验结果表明,该聚羧酸类高效减水剂对水泥具有高度的分散作用,掺加量为0.5%时,水泥净浆流动度可达214 mm,具有掺量低,减水率高,塌落度保持性好等优点.     

木质素磺酸钠聚羧酸减水剂的制备研究

以木质素磺酸钠作为聚羧酸减水剂的合成原料,在水溶液中与聚羧酸减水剂单体进行接枝共聚反应,制得木质素磺酸钠聚羧酸减水剂,并对其制备工艺进行优化,得到最优实验方案为:木质素磺酸钠质量分数为16%,PEG-1000和MA的物质的量比为0.9∶1.0,丙烯酸与马来酸酐物质的量比为2.8∶1.0,聚合时间为3h,酯化时间为4h,最优条件下制得的产品的水泥净浆流动度(掺量为0.2%,水灰质量比为0.29)为241mm。红外测试表明木质素磺酸钠分子结构上成功接上了聚氧乙烯基、酯基、羧酸基及酰胺基等官能团。     

一种聚羧酸系高效减水剂的试验研究

主要研究以烯丙醇聚氧乙烯醚、丙烯酸、马来酸酐和甲基丙烯磺酸钠为主要原料的聚羧酸系减水剂的合成工艺,探讨了影响减水剂性能的各种因素,得到最佳工艺条件,并对减水剂的性能进行测试。结果表明,该聚羧酸减水剂具有低掺量、高分散性、高减水率等特点。在掺量为0.25%时,初始水泥净浆流动度达310 mm,减水率高达30.5%,混凝土的抗压强度得到大幅度的提高,适宜配制高性能混凝土。     

The Competitive Adsorption Characteristics of Welan Gum and Superplasticizer in Cement Mortar

Welan gum has been widely used in oil cement and grouting materials for its excellent rheological properties and anti-bleeding,and most of all,being friendly to the environment.However,when welan gum was added,the fluidity of mortar decreased sharply,so it should be used together with a superplasticizer to enable good workability.With its powerful charge density in the molecular structure,the competitive adsorption between welan gum and other admixtures happened remarkably during the addition process.Consequently,we experimentally studied on the bleeding rate and rheological properties of cement slurry,fluidity and mechanical properties of mortar with welan gum mixed with superplasticizer,aiming at understanding the competitive adsorption phenomenon by application of welan gum mixed with superplasticizer.By measuring the hydration heat and zeta potential,the mechanism of interaction of welan gum with superplasticizer was deduced and explained.The results showed that it could ensure a good dispersion effect when welan gum is mixed with the two kinds of superplasticizer.Welan gum had little impact on the naphthalene superplasticizer,but did have a substantial influence on polycarboxylate.In practice,adding welan gum after PCE acted with cement for 2 min could effectively avoid the competitive adsorption and then achieve better performance.On this viewpoint for mortar with PCE,new delay release welan gum needs further research and development.     

葡萄糖酸钠与聚羧酸减水剂的复合效应研究

研究了聚羧酸减水剂与葡萄糖酸钠的复合使用对水泥浆体的凝结时间、净浆流动性、强度、水化热的影响,并采用XRD分析水泥水化产物的变化。结果表明:适量的葡萄糖酸钠能显著提高聚羧酸减水剂的分散性和分散保持性,改善水泥与聚羧酸减水剂的适应性,延长凝结时间,并使3 d7、d强度有所提高;单掺葡萄糖酸钠使水泥水化第2放热峰出现时间延迟2 h,但温峰值及水化热与空白样基本持平,1 d、7 d CH的生成量减少。复合使用葡萄糖酸钠与聚羧酸减水剂时,水泥净浆水化温峰出现时间延迟15 h,水化温峰提高,1 d、7 d CH的生成量较单掺葡萄糖酸钠时有所增大。     

聚羧酸系高效减水剂PC的合成及性能研究

以甲基丙烯酸、聚乙二醇1000、对甲苯磺酸、对苯二酚、过硫酸铵和甲基丙烯磺酸钠为原料,采用两步法合成出新型聚羧酸系高效减水剂(简称PC)。将合成的PC与目前广泛使用的萘系高效减水剂(简称FDN)相比,具有更加优异的性能,具体表现为:在掺量很少情况下,水泥净浆就具有较高的流动度;当掺量相同时,其对水泥净浆流动度远超FDN。此外,它与水泥的相容性好,具有缓凝及明显抑制水泥净浆流动度经时损失性能,对混凝土也能表现出显著的减水增强性,是一种性能优良,适合于配制高强、超高强混凝土的高效减水剂。     

Influence of Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer on Rheological Behavior in Cement Paste

Molecular structures of polycarboxylate(PCE) superplasticizer significantly affect the rheological properties of cement paste. Consequently, we employed self-synthesized PCE copolymers with different carboxylic densities to investigate their influence on the rheological behavior of cement paste. Three typical rheological models were applied to analyze the rheological properties, including Power-law model, Bingham model as well as Herschel-Buikley model. In addition, the thixotropical performances of cement paste in the presence of PCE with different carboxylic densities were investigated. The results show that the carboxylic density of PCE greatly influences the dispersing performance of PCE superplasticizers. As carboxylic density increases, the dispersing capability of PCE improves, and P(PEG1-AA6) possesses the strongest dispersing capability, the initial fluidity and 1 h fluidity of cement paste are both the highest, and cement paste has the lowest viscosity and the smallest hysteresis loop.     

Effect of PCEs with Different Functional Groups on the Performance of Cement Paste

The adsorption behaviors and dispersing properties of polycarboxylate superplasticizer(PCE) with different functional groups were systematically analyzed to reveal the theory and methods of modifying PCE molecular structures and regulating PCE performances. By substituting carboxylic groups with sulfonic groups, ester groups or acylamino groups, respectively, modified PCEs with different functional groups were synthesized. Results show that introducing low amount of ester groups or sulfonic groups into the PCE molecules has no negative effects on the fluidity of cement paste, while introducing acylamino groups into PCE molecules significantly weakens the fluidity of cement paste. At low amount(when the molar ratio of sodium methallyl sulfonate to TPEG is lower than 0.4), the rapid adsorption of sulfonic groups onto the cement particles contributes to the high dispersing performance of the sulfonic group modified PCEs. When the substitution ratio of acrylic acid by sulfonic acid is higher than 0.4, the viscosity and the yield stress of cement paste increases sharply. Redundant sulfonic groups lead to the excessive charge density of the PCE, which contributes to the inhomogeneous adsorption on the cement grains and hence results in the decline of the dispersing performance. Substitution of carboxylic group by acylamino group or ester group slightly changes the viscosity as well as the yield stress of cement paste. Introducing sulfonic group into PCE molecule improves the adsorption behavior of PCEs, while introducing ester group or acylamino group into PCE depresses the adsorption properties.     

Adsorption mechanism of polycarboxylate-based superplasticizer in CFBC ash-Portland cement paste

Circulating fluidized bed combustion （CFBC） ash exhibits the desirable pozzolanic activity which makes it a potential supplementary cementitious material to replace cement for concrete production. However, the high unburnt carbon content and porous surface structure of CFBC ash may adsorb water reducer and thereby significantly reduce the efficiency of water-reducing agents. The adsorption mechanism of polycarboxylate superplasticizer in CFBC ash-Portland cement paste was investigated by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, and the conception of ＂invalid adsorption site＂ of CFBC ash was presented. The results show that the adsorption behavior of polycarboxylate superplasticizer in coal ash-Portland cement paste can be described by Langmuir isothermal adsorption equation. The adsorption capacity of CFBC ash-Portland cement paste is higher than that of pulverized coal combustion （PCC） fly ash-Portland cement paste. Moreover, the adsorption amount of polycarboxylate superplasticizer increases with the ratio of ash-to-cement in the paste. At last, the fluidity of CFBC ash-Portland cement paste is lower than that of the PCC fly ash paste. This work suggests that when CFBC ash is used as concrete admixture, the poor flowability of the cementitious system due to the high adsorption of water and water-reducing agent should be taken into consideration.     

水泥沥青浆体中减水剂与乳化沥青的竞争吸附行为

为揭示水泥沥青砂浆(CA砂浆)中水泥对乳化沥青和减水剂的吸附规律,采用微量热仪分析了减水剂、乳化沥青(单掺及同掺)对水泥水化诱导期的延迟作用.采用"固含法"研究了减水剂种类对水泥-乳化沥青经时吸附规律的影响,以及减水剂在不同添加顺序时对水泥-乳化沥青经时吸附规律的影响.采用偏光显微镜对减水剂作用下水泥-乳化沥青的吸附行为进行了原位观测.结果表明:CA砂浆中的乳化沥青和减水剂均能显著延迟水泥的水化诱导期,两者同掺使延迟作用产生了明显的协同效应;聚羧酸减水剂与乳化沥青对水泥的吸附作用存在明显的竞争关系,两者同掺时水泥优先吸附减水剂分子,减水剂耗尽后,水泥再吸附乳化沥青.减水剂后掺时可使部分吸附的乳化沥青发生解吸附.