The parameters of slug flow in small-diameter tubes under bubbling conditions

We present the results from an experimental investigation of slug flow in a vertical tube having an inner diameter of 21 mm in a bubbling mode. The obtained parameters of the slug flow are presented, including the timing weight of slugs, the void fraction in the slug passage stage and in plugs, slug repetition frequency, slug and plug lengths, and others.     

The interrelation between the parameters pertinent to the structure of developed slug flow in small-diameter tubes under bubbling conditions

We present a model for the structure and the velocities of phases that correlates all the statistical parameters pertinent to a developed slug flow under bubbling conditions. The proposed model was used to calculate the velocities of the film flowing down around a slug and the liquid in a liquid plug.     

厚壁小径管对接焊缝的超声波探伤方法探讨

为确保600 MW机组的锅炉水冷壁系统在高温高压下能够正常工作,水冷壁系统的凝渣管道使用了厚壁小径管,为此,针对厚壁小径管对接焊缝采用超声波探伤时其壁厚在规程范围之外的问题,提出了用直射法超声波进行探伤的建议,并通过对不同规格探头的近场区长度、灵敏度余量及其能查到的焊缝厚度范围等的计算,对其可行性进行了探讨,并就其优缺点进行了分析.     

The parameters of a two-phase flow at which the occurrence of an intermittent flow pattern in vertical tubes is ruled out

Flow-pattern charts of a two-phase flow and the boundaries of a quasi-slug (intermittent) flow in a vertical channel are analyzed. Recommendations are proposed for calculating the limiting mass flowrates and steam qualities at which an intermittent flow structure characterized by a high pulsation level of parameters does not occur.     

多联产鼓泡流化床内气固流动特性数值模拟研究

为了深入探究流化床内的气固流动规律,以浙江大学1 MW循环流化床热电气多联产试验台为研究对象,使用开源软件MFiX对多联产系统热解炉在不同热解温度（500、600、700 ℃）时稳态的气体组分分布和炉内固体颗粒相体积分数的变化规律进行了数值模拟。模拟过程使用计算流体力学中被广泛应用于流化床数值模拟的欧拉双流体模型和Gidaspow曳力模型,采用Fortran语言编写热解反应子程序,基于OpenMpI技术实现了三维流化床热解炉的并行化模拟。结果表明:数值模拟结果能准确预测稳态运行时炉膛出口的气体组成以及炉内轴向固相体积分数呈近“S”型分布的环-核结构现象。     

Stratified gas-liquid two-phase electrohydrodynamics in horizontalpipe flow

Stratified gas-liquid two-phase electrohydrodynamics in pipe flow has been studied experimentally and numerically. Experimental studies were conducted using 1.27 and 1.9×10^-2 m-inner diameter horizontal tubes with air-water two-phase flow for the range of gas surface velocity of 10±²-10 m/s, liquid surface velocity of 10^-2-2×10^-1 m/s, and applied voltage of 0-20 kV. Experimental results are analysed by an area-averaged two-fluid one-dimensional model. The results show that the effect of the applied electric field is significantly influenced by the flow regime transition boundaries between stratified smooth-to-wavy and stratified wavy-to-intermittent flow. However, the time-averaged void fraction was not observed to be significantly influenced by applied electric fields     

细颗粒鼓泡流化床内气固流动特性数值模拟研究

大型循环流化床锅炉的外置或内置式流化床为细颗粒鼓泡流化床,其流化特性与主燃烧室内存在较大差异。本文采用欧拉-欧拉双流体模型,结合颗粒动理学理论,对不同回流方式及受热面布置方式的细颗粒鼓泡流化床内的固含率、颗粒速度及颗粒边界层厚度等分布进行了模拟。结果表明:在典型工况下,部分数值模拟结果与试验结果进行了对比,验证了数值模型的准确性;当颗粒入口与颗粒出口位于细颗粒鼓泡流化床对侧时,其内部的颗粒运动更为剧烈;当换热管布置方向与颗粒从回流口流出的方向垂直时,换热管对细颗粒鼓泡流化床内颗粒流动的扰动增强,对侧墙颗粒边界层的形成起到了抑制作用。     

PEMFC气体扩散层的双层结构和两相流

气体扩散层(GDL)是质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)的散层中水和反应气的传质、GDL的双层结构、微孔层的"水管理"机制以及GDL的研究进展.     

Heat transfer in two-phase flow at high reduced pressures

It is shown that heat transfer that takes place in vapor-liquid flows in the region of high reduced pressures is mainly due to the nucleate boiling mechanism even at high values of vapor quality. At relatively low heat fluxes, a noticeable enhancement of heat transfer is observed as vapor quality increases. A procedure for calculating heat transfer is proposed, which is confirmed by a comparison of calculated results with experimental data on the boiling of carbon dioxide and other liquids in channels.     

含沙水流定常边界层的流动特性研究

本文在推导固液两相流动边界层数学模型的基础上 ,采用泊松 (Poisson)方程来生成网格 ,使网格的生成得到较好的控制 ,同时对方程进行适体坐标变换并利用有限差分法对之进行离散求解。为固液两相流动的流场计算提供了一个可行的方法     

Modeling the distribution of liquid between the flow core and film in adiabatic annular two-phase flows

The numerical simulation of adiabatic steam-water flow performed using the droplet entrainment model developed by the authors reflects the experimentally observed regularities of liquid flow rate variation in the film over the channel length. A procedure of calculating the fraction of entrained liquid is proposed for the conditions of dynamic equilibrium between the droplet entrainment and deposition processes. The results from application of the proposed procedure are consistent with the available experimental data.     

Determination of void fraction by electrically sounding two-phase flow

The main sources contributing to the error of the electric sounding method are analyzed, and a procedure for determining void fraction with a minimal error is presented.     

Numerical simulation of electric field distributions in electrohydrodynamic two-phase flow regimes

In electrohydrodynamic (EHD) flow boiling and condensation heat transfer applications an interdependence exists between two-phase flow patterns and the applied voltage, and subsequently the electric field distribution established. Unlike single-phase flow, in liquid/gas or phase change processes the electric field established is continuously changing as the flow pattern changes due to interfacial vaporization or condensation. To further complicate the variation in this dynamic field effect, the interaction between the electric field and the fluid introduce an electrical force that can also cause a redistribution of the phases. In an effort to understand and analyze this interaction, the electric field distribution must be determined. To contribute to this effort, the evaluation of the static electric field distribution is performed for various flow regimes to provide a qualitative assessment regarding the direction of phase migration and possible flow pattern transition and,to determine the net EHD force acting on the flow for an instant in time, i.e. for a given phase distribution.     

水力旋流器中水沙两相流动三维数值模拟

运用基于颗粒动力学理论的欧拉-欧拉液固多相湍流模型,对水力旋流器内的高浓度水沙两相三维流动进行了数值模拟研究.研究内容包括水力旋流器内的水相和颗粒相速度分布、不同粒径颗粒浓度分布和分离效率等.模拟结果表明,水力旋流器内颗粒浓度分布是不均匀的,对于粒径5μm、15μm的泥沙颗粒,主要分布在内旋流区域;而对于30μm的泥沙颗粒,主要分布在外旋流区域.在旋流器锥体空间,颗粒相与水相的切向和轴向速度分布曲线基本重合,而径向速度分布曲线有明显的差值.最后与混合模型颗粒分离效率的计算结果进行了比较.     

Void fraction in vertical tubes under low pressure of steam-water flow

Results of an experimental study of void fraction φ in two vertical tubes of different diameters and lengths under low pressure of steam-water flow are presented. The region of high values of φ is considered. Generalizing correlations are presented.     

Determination of the density and flow rate of the two-phase mixture under steady and emergency conditions

Methods for measuring the density and the flow rate of the two-phase mixture are discussed. The known drawbacks and merits are shown. The method for determining the flow rate of the two-phase mixture by means of a hydrostatic densitometer and the integrating pressure tube is described.     

平行管超临界流体流动不均匀特性试验研究

为了解超临界循环流化床（CFB）锅炉炉膛中悬吊屏平行管束内工质流动不均匀性,基于流体模化理论,设计超临界工质平行管束试验系统,以R-134a模化超临界水蒸气进行试验研究。试验在工质质量流率500~700 kg/(m2·s),入口温度503~543 K,入口压力4.0~4.3 MPa,CFB颗粒浓度3.9~15.0 kg/m3下进行,研究了上述参数对平行管束中工质流动不均匀性的影响。结果表明:影响工质在管束内流动不均匀性的主要因素包括管外的换热特性、管内的换热特性和管内压降;工质入口温度增加,其在平行管束内的流动不均匀性降低;当工质入口压力高于其临界压力时,入口压力变化对工质整体流动不均匀性影响较小;工质质量流率增加,其流动不均匀性增加;管束外侧颗粒浓度增加,工质流动不均匀性增强;试验条件下,平行管束两侧流动不均系数相对较小。     

基于静电传感的气固两相流测量及研究装置

气固两相流参数的测量是国际公认的难题,针对静电传感原理的测量方法,从该方法用于气固两相流测量的发展现状和支撑该研究的装置建设两方面进行了综述.对于测量方面的研究现状,分别从颗粒速度的测量、颗粒浓度的测量和静电传感器的模型及测量机理研究3个方面进行了介绍.对于研究装置,从模拟和实流装置两方面进行了介绍,最后,指出了应用该...     

气液两相流动粒子成像测速技术(PIV)研究进展

粒子图像测速技术(PIV)作为一种全新的无扰、瞬态、全场速度测量方法,已被广泛应用于液体或气体的单相流流速场测定。对于两相流PIV技术,目前还处于起步与发展阶段。本文对近年来两相PIV技术的发展及取得的成就进行了回顾,简要地分析了PIV技术在两相流测量中的潜在优势及存在的困难,着重对目前两相流PIV技术中的关键技术-相分离方法进行了较为详尽的总结与评述,并对PIV技术在分散相颗粒尺寸及浓度测量方面的应用进行了讨论。     

导流结构和电极结构对全钒液流电池性能的影响

设计了平直并联和蛇形流道以及平整式和开孔式电极结构,比较了它们对全钒液流电池(VRB)性能的影响.在单体电池的充电电压为1.6 V,放电电阻为1 Ω的情况下,蛇形流道和开孔式电极能够有效提升VRB的性能.能量效率分别比平直并联流道和平整式电极提高11.0%和8.7%.