Reconstruction of cogeneration plants equipped with LMZ R-50-130 steam turbines

The problems of how to use backpressure turbines underloaded for objective reasons at industrial cogeneration plants (CPs) are analyzed. The means of modernization of R-50-130 turbines implemented by the Teploenergoservis group of companies, which make it possible to meet the changed requirements for power and heat supply from a CP equipped with R-50-130 turbines and to increase productivity of CP fixed assets, are described.     

Selecting main technical solutions for heat supply systems equipped with nuclear cogeneration stations

Methodical principles for determining the yearly quantities of heat supplied from a nuclear cogeneration station are described, results from an analysis for selecting the optimal design cogeneration ratio and the parameters of heat carrier are presented, and matters pertinent to the operational reliability and safety of heat supply systems equipped with nuclear cogeneration stations are considered.     

Prospects for development of nuclear power stations equipped with VVER reactors

The prospects for further development in Russia of nuclear stations equipped with water-cooled water-moderated reactors are considered.     

Diagrams of regimes of cogeneration steam turbines for combined-cycle power plants

General considerations regarding the form of the steam-consumption diagram for a three-loop cogeneration-type combined-cycle plant are formulated on the basis of well-known approaches. According to these considerations the diagram should consist of the main chart and numerous corrections that must be taken into account in using the diagram. The steam-consumption diagram of the T-113/145-12.4 steam turbine for the PGU-410 combined-cycle plant at the Krasnodar cogeneration station is presented.     

Type T-130/130-12.8 cogeneration steam turbines with reheating

The design features and basic thermal scheme of the cogeneration turbines for a rated power capacity of 130 MW and steam parameters of 12.8 MPa and 540/540°C are considered. Figures characterizing the calculated economic effect from the use of steam reheating are presented.     

Retrofitting parts and assemblies of cogeneration steam turbines for improving their reliability

Typical flaws in cogeneration turbines produced by the Ural Turbine Works that revealed themselves under different conditions of their operation and due to which turbine failures occurred are determined. Generalized results obtained from investigations and approbation of a number of newly developed measures aimed at improving the reliability of the assemblies most susceptible to damages that were implemented in retrofitting or repairing cogeneration turbines are presented.     

Development of burners for afterburning chambers of heat-recovery boilers at cogeneration stations equipped with combined-cycle plants

Problems related to efficient afterburning of fuel in the medium of gas-turbine unit exhaust gases, as well as new design arrangements of gas-jet burners used in the chambers for afterburning fuel in heat-recovery boilers at cogeneration stations equipped with combined-cycle plants, are considered. Results obtained from comparative experimental investigations of different gas-jet flame stabilizers at a test facility are presented, and the advantages of jet-ejector stabilizers are demonstrated.     

Condensers of large steam turbines for thermal and nuclear power stations

Designs and technical characteristics of the condensers of large steam turbines for thermal and nuclear power stations operating in Russia and abroad are described. New technical solutions used in designing them are considered.     

Retrofitting of T-100/110-12.8 cogeneration steam turbines

Problems relating to replacement and retrofitting of steam turbines that have worked through their service life are considered, and methods for extending their service life are discussed. Concrete activities carried out at Ural Turbine Works in the course of renovating and retrofitting T-100/110-12.8 turbines are presented.     

Reserves for improving the utilization efficiency of regenerative extractions from turbines at cogeneration stations

It is shown that considerable reserves for improving energy efficiency are available at the majority of Russian cogeneration stations, because the arrangements using which heat is supplied for the needs of water treatment plants are far from being optimal. New solutions are proposed that allow heat to be supplied to these loads in a more economically efficient manner with the use of low-potential regenerative extractions from cogeneration steam turbines, as well as technologies for improving the efficiency of combined-cycle plants the exhaust gases from which are discharged into a boiler.     

Investigation of thermohydraulic processes in steam generators for nuclear power stations equipped with VVER reactors

The results obtained from experimental investigations and mathematical simulation of horizontal steam generators are considered. Recommendations for continuing these works are given.     

Controlling the startup modes of cogeneration steam turbines operating as part of combined-cycle power plants

The results obtained from investigations of combined-cycle power plants produced by the Ural Turbine Works aimed at achieving high maneuverability, reliability and longevity of cogeneration steam turbines taking into consideration the possibilities of modern automated process control systems are presented. The dynamic models for simulating the heating of a steam turbine cylinder??s parts with the use of limited computation capacities are developed.     

配置储热罐后热电联产机组运行优化

储热罐作为一种蓄能技术可在一定程度上实现热电联产机组热电解耦,提高热电联产机组深度调峰能力。针对目前热电联产机组配置储热罐后的运行优化问题,本文采用Ebsilon软件搭建热电联产机组运行优化分析模型,对某电厂亚临界2×330 MW热电联产机组配置储热罐后运行方式及优化效果进行分析计算。结果表明,配置储热罐后,在单台机组对外供热负荷250 MW时,调峰容量最小提高了额定容量的15.2%,最大提高了额定容量的24.2%。同时,为提高热电联产机组的运行经济性,建议在热电负荷一定时,采取电负荷平均分配、热负荷不均匀分配的运行方式。在此基础上,当该电厂3、4号机组热电负荷处于供需平衡时,运行优化后机组总体热耗率可降低76.1 kJ/(kW·h);当热电负荷处于供需不平衡时,运行优化后机组总体热耗率可降低12.9 kJ/(kW·h);整个采暖季总节煤量为1 618.2 t,总经济收益为129.5万元。该研究结果可为热电联产机组配置储热罐后的安全经济运行提供指导。     

Consideration of field experience in developing new projects of steam generators for nuclear power stations equipped with VVER reactors

The main problems encountered during the operation of horizontal steam generators are considered. Design features of the new PGV-1000MK and PGV-1500 steam generators are analyzed.     

A calculated study of wet steam flow in the combined exhaust from steam turbines at nuclear power stations

Results from a study of the behavior of polydispersed moisture with a high fraction of large droplets in the flow path of a turbine equipped with a combined exhaust are presented.     

Some methods for making cogeneration stations more maneuverable

The possibility of using the inertia of cogeneration systems for periodically reducing the supply of heat from cogeneration stations during the hours of maximum electric loads is considered. The technical and economic effects from using this approach are determined. A circuit solution is proposed, the use of which will make it possible to obtain a considerable economic gain while retaining reliable and high-quality supply of heat to consumers.     

Tariffs for electricity and heat from cogeneration stations

We describe our opinions regarding different methods for distributing the amounts of fuel consumed for generation of electricity and heat at cogeneration stations [1]. Certain advantages and drawbacks of these methods are shown. Comments are given on a proposed new procedure for the formation of tariffs for electricity and heat from cogeneration stations under present-day market conditions [2]. It is proposed that the method of extraction efficiencies be used for separating the consumption of fuel.     

Prospective steam turbines for combined-cycle plants

The design features and basic thermal scheme of the steam turbines developed on the basis of series-produced steam turbines of ZAO Ural Turbine Works for combined-cycle plants are presented, and their efficiency during operation as part of these plants is considered.     

试论汽轮机的遮断方式

汽轮机的遮断方式是涉及到整个机组安全的重要功能,而危急遮断器是实现汽轮机遮断的重要部件。但随着科技的发展,部件可靠性的增强,新建和改造的系统是否设置低压遮断电磁阀、保留低压遮断器成为问题的焦点。鉴于此,通过对汽轮机遮断方式的论述,分析了传统汽轮机挂闸的概念,对危急遮断器是否保留进行了探讨,并指出了国外发展趋势。     

The T-100-12.8 family of cogeneration steam turbines: Yesterday, today, and tomorrow

The T-100-12.8 turbine and its versions, a type of cogeneration steam turbines that is among best known, unique, and most widely used ones in Russia and abroad, are considered. A list of turbine design versions and quantities in which they were produced, their technical and economic indicators, design features, schematic solutions used in different design versions, and a list of solutions available in a comprehensive portfolio offered for modernizing type T-100-12.8 turbines are presented. Information about amounts in which turbines of the last version are supplied currently and supposed to be supplied soon is given.