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超临界CO_2反相微乳体系的介观模拟研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究水/表面活性剂/超临界CO2(ScCO2)的结构自组装对于设计和应用基于ScCO2流体的反胶束微乳化过程有着重要的理论指导意义。文中采用耗散粒子动力学(DPD)模拟方法,对双链离子型表面活性剂[琥珀酸酯磺酸钠(d i-HCF4)]+水+CO2(溶剂)体系进行介观模拟。模拟观测了在ScCO2中表面活性剂不同组成下的聚集形态,以及反相微乳结构形成的动态过程,同时考察了微乳体系的相形态与温度和压力的关系。模拟结果表明:温度升高,有利于反相微乳结构的形成;压力升高,会破坏反相微乳结构。 相似文献
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研究了十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)/正丁醇/正庚烷/水(或氯化镁与硝酸铝混合水溶液或氢氧化钠溶液)四组分形成稳定微乳液的条件。考察了表面活性剂与助表面活性剂的质量比、温度、pH值、盐浓度对该体系稳定性的影响及水与表面活性剂的摩尔比(ωo)对水核粒径的影响。结果表明,m(SDS)∶m(正丁醇)=4∶6时,反相微乳液最稳定,对温度变化不敏感,pH值为7~13时,具有较好的稳定性,随着镁铝混合盐溶液浓度的增加,反相微乳区域急剧缩小,水核粒径随着ωo增大而增大,在稳定微乳液区域内制备了分布较均匀,尺寸范围30~70 nm的粒状纳米颗粒。 相似文献
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为了探索绿色、无污染的微乳法合成途径,采用水包油微乳法制备了氧化铝纳米粒子。Tween-80和醇作为表面活性剂和助表面活性剂,用超纯水来代替反相微乳液中大量的有机相,既经济又环保。研究了反应温度和反应物的浓度对反应产物的影响。实验结果表明:用水包油微乳液制备的氧化铝纳米粒子粒径小、分散性好。 相似文献
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采用电导率法,测定了以表面活性剂丁二酸-2-乙基己基磺酸钠(AOT)与甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)和水构成的反相微乳液体系的稳定性,考察了油相极性、表面活性剂浓度、分散相浓度及离子价态、助乳化剂丙烯酰胺(AM)对反相微乳液体系的影响,确定了反相微乳液体系体系的局部相图,初步表征了反相微乳液体系的相结构。结果表明,以极性单体作为油相的微乳液体系电导率与增溶水量的变化关系中不存在突变点,有别于一般的以低极性或非极性烷烃(或混合烷烃)作为油相的微乳液体系。当体系中AOT浓度0.1~0.3 M,分散相(盐溶液)浓度≤0.05 M,增溶水量([H2O]/[AOT]摩尔比)w≤9时,可以得到稳定的反相微乳液体系,AM的存在能够增大体系的增溶能力。 相似文献
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探讨了用于制备氧化铈纳米粒子的反相微乳体系组成及稳定性,以溴化十六烷基三甲基铵/正丁醇/环己烷/水构成了用于制备纳米氧化铈的W/O微乳液,通过测定体系的电导率的方法确定相点,绘制了溴化十六烷基三甲基铵和正丁醇-环己烷-水反相微乳区拟三元相图.结果表明,表面活性剂与助表面活性剂质量比,即溴化十六烷基三甲基铵与正丁醇的质量比等于1.6时为制备纳米粒子的最佳值,加入硝酸铈会使微乳液的区域减小,随着温度的升高微乳区域略微减小.按实验确定的条件,制备出纳米氧化铈,XRD分析结果表明,纳米氧化铈粒径为19~22 nm. 相似文献
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十六烷基三甲基溴化铵/正丁醇/正辛烷/水油包水型微乳体系的相行为 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
文中分别考察了助表面活性剂(正丁醇)、有机溶剂(正辛烷)、温度、钨酸钠溶液浓度对十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)/正丁醇/正辛烷/水油包水(W/O)型微乳区域形成的影响,并对该微乳体系的结构进行了电导研究,确定了微乳液体系形成区域及最佳比例配方。研究表明:助表面活性剂、有机溶剂、盐溶液质量浓度对该微乳液体系的微乳区域都会产生影响,温度对该微乳区域几乎没有影响;且当CTAB/正丁醇质量比为1∶2,(CTAB+正丁醇)/正辛烷质量比为4∶6时(滴加蒸馏水前),能够得到较大且稳定的微乳区域。该研究从热力学相图原理上为纳米粒子可控制备提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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研究了以十二烷基磺酸钠(NaLS)为表面活性剂与不同油性溶剂及不同助表面活性剂制成的微乳状液在4-(2-吡啶偶氮)—间苯二酚(PAR)体系中用分光光度法测定痕量镍离子Ni(Ⅱ)从水相或料相到微乳的迁移情况,并以试剂空白为参比,得出了以NaLS为表面活性剂,正庚烷为油性溶剂、正丁醇为助表面活性剂的适宜于痕量镍离子迁移的最佳微乳组成和最佳迁移条件,结果令人满意。 相似文献
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目的:优化模型药物Y147微乳处方中油相用量及乳化剂/助乳化剂的比例。方法:运用星点设计-效应面法,以微乳的粒径、多分散系数、乳化时间等为评价指标,优化Y147微乳处方中油相用量(重量百分比)、表面活性剂和助表面活性剂的比值。结果:处方中油相百分比为14%,表面活性剂和助表面活性剂的比值为2时,制备的处方各评价指标均较好。结论:星点设计-效应面法可以较好的用于Y147微乳处方优化,结果更加直观。 相似文献
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J. Klier R. S. Suarez D. P. Green A. M. Kumar M. Hoffman C. J. Tucker B. Landes D. Redwine 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1997,74(7):861-867
Single-phase hydrocarbon-based microemulsions with low volatile organic carbon levels can help deliver solvent-like cleaning
properties while allowing formulators to meet regulatory requirements. The rheology and petroleum jelly solubilization properties
of model microemulsion systems that contained equal volumes of hydrocarbon solvent and water were evaluated as a function
of microemulsion structure and composition. Single-phase microemulsions with low surfactant contents and broad formulation
flexibility were obtained through the use of efficient anionic surfactants and low electrolyte levels. The microemulsion structure
was advanced from solvent-continuous to water-continuous by varying the solvent alkane carbon number or the electrolyte content,
whereas the liquid crystal content was controlled via cosurfactant concentration. Both microemulsion structure and viscosity influenced solubilization rates. Low-viscosity, solvent-continuous
microemulsions showed solubilization rates comparable to those found with solvent-based systems, while water-continuous microemulsions
showed relatively poor solubilization rates. Microemulsions containing dispersed liquid crystals exhibited high viscosity
and low solubilization rates. 相似文献
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农药新剂型--微乳剂 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
随着人们对保护环境的重视,国内外农药的剂型正朝着绿色化的方向发展。目前,我国的农药剂型研究比较落后,老剂型乳油(EC)和可湿性粉剂(WP)两者占主要,而且剂型比较单一。本文首先介绍了我国农药剂型加工使用现状及其发展方向,然后介绍了一种以水为介质的新剂型———微乳剂,对其特性、结构类型、研究方法、形成理论、质量指标及优缺点进行了介绍。同时,还简述了国内微乳剂型的现状和发展趋势。 相似文献
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Suryakant Pradhan Satish S. Sagiri Vinay K. Singh Kunal Pal Sirsendu S. Ray Dillip K. Pradhan 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2014,131(6)
This study has been designed to develop palm oil (PO) based organogels using span 80/tween 80 mixture (OG) as a gelator system by fluid‐filled structure mechanism. The results suggested formation of organogels, emulsions, and microemulsions as the proportions of PO, OG and water were varied. The emulsions were found to be thermodynamically unstable as compared to the organogels and the microemulsions. Accelerated thermal stability test suggested that all the microemulsions and the organogels of only eight compositions were stable. The organogels showed viscoelastic property while the microemulsions showed viscous flow behavior. Both the organogels and the microemulsions were found to be highly hemocompatible and nonirritant. The antimicrobial efficiency of the ciprofloxacin HCl‐loaded formulations showed equivalent efficiency as compared to marketed formulations. The rates of drug release from the organogels were found to be relatively slower as compared to the microemulsions. The preliminary studies suggested that the developed organogel and microemulsion‐based formulations may be tried for topical delivery of antimicrobials. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2014 , 131, 39979. 相似文献
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介绍泰安抽水蓄能电站可控硅变频起动装置的结构、特点和主要设备及其原理,描述调试过程,阐述SFC系统起动机组的过程,展示SFC变频起动装置的优越性。 相似文献
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M. S. Miskandar Y. B. Che Man M. S. A. Yusoff R. Abdul Rahman 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2002,79(9):931-936
The effects of scraped-surface tube cooler temperatures on the isothermal solid fat content (SFC) of palm oil margarine during
processing and on margarine consistency (yield value, g/cm2), SFC, and polymorphic changes in storage were studied. SFC was measured in the mixing tank after leaving the tube cooler
and the pin worker. The SFC at the tube cooler exit was proportional to the amount of cooling; a higher SFC was produced by
more extreme cooling treatment. The SFC of all margarines were reduced in the pin worker, and the reduction was related to
the initial SFC profile of palm oil. Margarine samples were stored at 28°C for 28 d and tested daily. Margarine processed
at 25°C in the tube cooler had the highest consistency and the least change in SFC, but by the second week crystals had transformed
into the β form. Uniform product consistency and SFC were observed in margarines processed at 20 and 15°C. These margarines
retained the β′ crystal form for 3 and 4 wk, respectively. The best palm oil margarine was obtained with a tube cooler temperature
of 15°C and a residence time of 1.8 min. 相似文献
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选用神府主焦煤(SFC)作为原煤,通过行星球磨机制备超细煤粉,用氯化铁(FeCl3.6H2O)过渡金属盐对超细样品进行机械力化学固相改性,制备出活性煤粉,以不同配比与低密度聚乙烯(PE-LD)共混制备复合材料。利用差示扫描量热仪等分析测试手段,探讨了SFC、PE-LD以及PE-LD/SFC复合材料的热解反应性和热解动力学。结果表明,Kissiger法和Flynn-Wall-Ozawa法在热分析动力学允许的范围内,计算结果具有一致性;SFC在340~380℃时活化能为113kJ/mol,520~550℃时热解活化能为149kJ/mol;添加10%(质量分数,下同)和20%铁改性SFC的PE-LD/SFC复合材料,在低温区(120~135℃)的热解活化能分别为182.87、250.62kJ/mol;铁改性SFC含量为10%时,煤与PE-LD的反应性较好,两组分之间存在一定协同作用。 相似文献
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以TritonX 10 0 正己醇 环己烷 水制成W O微乳反胶团体系 ,通过测定体系的电导率和观察液晶相的出现确定相点绘制了各体系的拟三元相图 ,研究了温度、盐浓度和油相组分对W O微乳液体系稳定性的影响 .实验发现助表面活性剂与表面活性剂的配比对微乳液的稳定性有显著影响 .随着温度的升高 ,W O微乳液稳定区域减小 ,可通过升高温度对微乳液进行破乳 ;与以纯环己烷为油相的体系相比 ,油相中含有少量正己烷的体系具有更优异的性质 .所得结果为利用该W O微乳液体系制备纳米颗粒提供了基础数据 相似文献