基于Z参数的微波晶体管高频噪声网络分析方法

利用Z参数噪声网络等效电路的分析方法,得到了用器件Z参数表示的微波双极晶体管噪声参数的表达式,通过对微波低噪声双极晶体管的高频参数进行测试和分析,并把器件的网络参数和物理参数相结合,来对器件的最小噪声系数进行计算和分析.     

异质结双极晶体管高频噪声建模及分析

提出了一个T等效异质结双极晶体管高频噪声电路模型.该模型是对通常用在硅双极晶体管中的Hawkins噪声模型进行改进得到的,主要的改进包括发射极理想因子、发射极电阻、内部BC结电容、外部BC结电容和其它寄生元素对器件噪声性能的影响.为了从等效噪声电路模型中计算出精确的噪声参数,采用了噪声相关矩阵法来计算噪声参数,从而避免了在等效电路变换中可能产生的简化和复杂的噪声测量.进一步利用该模型分析了等效电路元素对器件最小噪声系数的影响,分析计算结果和物理解释一致.同时通过基于异质结双极晶体管器件物理的公式,给出了器件参数对器件最小噪声系数的影响.     

异质结双极晶体管高频噪声建模及分析

提出了一个T等效异质结双极晶体管高频噪声电路模型.该模型是对通常用在硅双极晶体管中的Hawkins噪声模型进行改进得到的,主要的改进包括发射极理想因子、发射极电阻、内部BC结电容、外部BC结电容和其它寄生元素对器件噪声性能的影响.为了从等效噪声电路模型中计算出精确的噪声参数,采用了噪声相关矩阵法来计算噪声参数,从而避免了在等效电路变换中可能产生的简化和复杂的噪声测量.进一步利用该模型分析了等效电路元素对器件最小噪声系数的影响,分析计算结果和物理解释一致.同时通过基于异质结双极晶体管器件物理的公式,给出了器件参数对器件最小噪声系数的影响.     

砷化镓肖特基势垒场效应晶体管X和Ku-波段放大器

一、引言近年来GaAs工艺有了很大的进展,目前已能制造栅长小于1微米的GaAs肖特基势垒场效应晶体管(MESFET)。这种器件的最高振荡频率要比双极晶体管高得多。本文只对中描述的MESFET的特性进行简单的讨论,并对低温下MESFET的噪声特性给予评价。其目的是为了证明,GaAs MESVET非常适合于X和Ku波段的宽带运用。利用测得的器件的散射参数,宽带放大器已用比较简便的互作用计算机程序完成了设计。这种计算表明,用简单的匹配网络可得到具有较大带宽的MESFET放大器。除了此最佳的微波双极晶体管有更好的噪声和增益特性之外,     

微波功率双极晶体管热分布的二维数值模拟及功率密度非均匀设计

利用双极晶体管的热电耦合模型对微波功率双极晶体管进行了二维直流稳态模拟 ,并且提出了功率密度非均匀的设计方法 .模拟和实验的结果说明 ,采用微波功率晶体管功率密度非均匀设计可有效提高器件电流密度的均匀性和结温的均匀性 ,从而整体提高器件的可靠性.     

微波功率双极晶体管热分布的二维数值模拟及功率密度非均匀设计

利用双极晶体管的热电耦合模型对微波功率双极晶体管进行了二维直流稳态模拟,并且提出了功率密度非均匀的设计方法.模拟和实验的结果说明,采用微波功率晶体管功率密度非均匀设计可有效提高器件电流密度的均匀性和结温的均匀性,从而整体提高器件的可靠性.     

硅脉冲微波功率器件增益退化机理研究

介绍了硅双极型微波功率晶体管的发展历史和应用现状.针对硅脉冲微波功率器件增益退化的失效模式,通过对硅脉冲微波功率器件直流参数的统计分析,初步得出了其失效机理.     

三端口S参数用于晶体管电路设计

微波领域中广泛应用的场效应晶体管(FET)、双极型晶体管(BPT)以及近年来正在开发的性能优越的高电子迁移率晶体管(HEMT)均系三端器件。早在1968年文献[1]己指出宜用三端口S参数来表征晶体管特性并进行电路设计。但是由于具体分析计算的复杂性,直至今日一般仍沿用一端接地的两端口S参数来分析这种三端口电路。这样在分析并联反馈或串联反馈的晶体管电路(例如反馈放大器或振荡器等)时必须通过S参数与Y参数或Z参数之间的转换关系     

微波晶体管的进展

这里主要介绍三端的微波半导体器件。三端微波器件可分为双极晶体管和场效应晶体管两大类。在微波频率范围内,这两类器件都可用于微波低噪声放大和微波功率源。微波双极晶体管已有较长的发展史,早已得到普遍应用,但到目前为止,只能用于C波段以下,而场效应晶体管在C到Ku波段还保持良好的微波性能。从电路应用来说,一般用双极晶体管较为简单,在放大器中容易作到宽带匹配,而用场效     

双极晶体管g－r噪声模型与深能级分析

本文根据发射结空间电荷区深能级缺陷诱生ｇ－ｒ噪声机构，建立了双极晶体管ｇ－ｒ噪声定量分析模型，从而对实验上观察到的双极晶体管ｇ－ｒ噪声的偏置特性作出了合理的解释．基于该模型，提出了一种利用ｇ－ｒ噪声测量确定双极型器件深能级参数的新方法．     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks