乳酸酯化催化剂比较

用ＦｅＣｌ３、ＳｎＣｌ２、ＳｎＣｌ４、ＮｉＣｌ２、ＡｌＣｌ３、ＣｒＣｌ３、Ｈ２ＳＯ４、ＣｕＳＯ４、ＺｎＳＯ４、强酸性离子离子交换树脂，固体 强酸在〈１００℃及元搅拌下进行的乳酸和乙醇催化酯化反应实验，结果表明各种不同均相催化剂催化的反应液中乳酸乙酯含量最低值为最高的７２％左右。相对而言效果最好的依次为Ｈ２ＳＯ４，ＳｎＣｌ４、ＡｌＣｌ３等。     

乙酸异丁酯合成中无机盐催化作用初探

研究了ＣｕＳＯ４．５Ｈ２Ｏ２、ＣｕＳＯ４、ＦｅＳＯ４、７Ｈ２Ｏ、ＦｅＣｌ３、６Ｈ２Ｏ、ＣｕＣｌ２．２Ｈ２Ｏ等５种盐对异丁醇与乙酸酯化反应的催化性能，结果表明ＦｅＣｌ３．６Ｈ２Ｏ和ＣｕＣｌ２．２Ｈ２Ｏ是较好的催化剂，酯转化率达８６－９３％。     

聚烯烃表面氧化处理的研究

研究了以高锰酸钾或重铬酸钾／水／浓硫酸＝５∶８∶１００（质量比）或２０％（质量分数）的过硫酸铵水溶液及氯化铁或硫酸铜作为催化剂对聚烯烃进行的表面氧化处理,并通过熔点和红外光谱及光电子能谱等方法对氧化反应和产品的结构进行了表征。研究表明,最佳氧化温度和时间分别为４５℃～６０℃与４５ｍｉｎ;用ＫＭｎＯ４／Ｈ２ＳＯ４／ＦｅＣｌ３／ＣｕＳＯ４,Ｋ２Ｃｒ２Ｏ７／Ｈ２ＳＯ４／ＦｅＣｌ３,Ｋ２Ｃｒ２Ｏ７／Ｈ２ＳＯ４／ＣｕＳＯ４体系对聚乙烯的氧化中,氧化深度依次减小,Ｃ原子的摩尔分数由未氧化时的８０．８０４％,分别降低为３１．９０７％、６９．９０５％和７８．６６９％;在ＦｅＣｌ３催化下,产品中Ｃｌ的含量普遍增加,而以ＫＭｎＯ４／Ｈ２ＳＯ４／ＦｅＣｌ３／ＣｕＳＯ４氧化时增加最多,但对Ｋ２Ｃｒ２Ｏ７／Ｈ２ＳＯ４／ＦｅＣｌ３氧化体系,Ｏ含量的增加相对较多     

常压转位制间二氯苯的研究

用对二氯苯在ＡｌＣｌ３ 、Ｈ２Ｏ催化下进行转位制取间二氯苯为主要产品的３种二氯苯异构体。反应是在ＨＣｌ和ＡｌＣｌ３存在下的异构化反应 ,因为ＡｌＣｌ３ 与Ｈ２Ｏ在一定温度下生成ＨＣｌ,所以无水氯化铝与水用量及两者用量之比是本反应的必要前提。我们选取ｎ（对氯苯）∶ｎ（氯化铝）＝０ ０５～１ ０,ｎ（氯化铝）∶ｎ（水）＝１～１０。经过实践 ,反应温度、反应时间及催化剂加入方式对本反应也起着重要影响 ,最终选定下述反应工艺 :对二氯苯１４７ｇ加氯化铝、水一定量 ,反应温度１６０～１７０℃ ,反应时间２～４ｈ ,得间二氯…     

有机锡试剂与芳卤化合物在Pd(Ⅱ)/γ-Al_2O_3催化下的偶联反应

制备了有机锡试剂Ｂｕ３ＳｎＰｈ、Ｂｕ３ＳｎＣＨ２Ｐｈ及催化剂Ｐｄ（Ⅱ）／γＡｌ２Ｏ３,催化剂对有机锡试剂与芳卤化合物的偶联反应有较高的活性。该反应条件温和,催化剂可重复使用,产率较高     

快速测定废水的COD

本文提出以ＭｎＳＯ４－Ｈ２ＳＯ４－Ｈ３ＰＯ４作催化溶液快速测定ＣＯＤ的方法，测定条件是：ＭｎＳＯ４ ０．２ｇ／２０ｍＬ，Ｈ２ＳＯ４：Ｈ３ＰＯ４＝５：１（体积比），回流１ｈ，用吸收装置吸收并用碘量法测定Ｃｌ２，从表观ＣＯＤ中扣去。本法具有较高的准确度和精密度。     

有机锡试剂与芳卤化合物在Pd（Ⅱ）／γ—Al2O3催化下的偶联反应

制备了有机锡试剂Ｂｕ３ＳｎＰｈ,Ｂｕ３ＳｎＣＨ２Ｐｈ及催化剂Ｐｄ（Ⅱ）／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂对有机锡试剂与芳卤化合物的偶联反应有较高的活性。该反应条件温和,催化剂可重复使用,产率较高。     

2-戊基蒽醌的合成研究

首次以苯和叔戊醇为基础原料经烷基化、酰基化和关环３ 步反应合成了２ 戊基蒽醌。改进和优化了各步合成工艺条件：在三氯化铝－ 硫酸双酸催化下,当ｎ（ＡｌＣｌ３）∶ｎ（Ｈ２ＳＯ４）＝ １∶１－２５,ｎ（Ｃ６Ｈ６）∶ｎ（ｔ Ｃ５Ｈ１１ＯＨ） ＝９∶１,温度６ ℃,反应４ ｈ 时,戊苯收率为７９－３％ ;在２ 甲基吡啶存在下,中间体２ （４′ 戊基苯甲酰） 苯甲酸收率为８０－２ ％ ;关环反应采用氯仿为溶剂,利用类似分水器的装置,有效控制反应温度使炭化减少,２ 戊基蒽醌收率为８１－４ ％ 。     

顺,反异构钼硫簇合物[（C2H5）4N]2[Mo2S4（SCH2CH2S）2]的合成,结构和性质...

用（ＮＨ４）２ＭｏＳ４，Ｃｏｃｌ２，ＮｉＣｌ２，ＨＳＣＨ２ＣＨ２ＳＨ和Ｅｔ４ＮＢｒ在ＣＨ３ＯＨＣＨ３ＯＮａ溶液中反应，得到了顺Ａ，反Ｂ异构体的原子族化合物「（Ｃ２Ｈ５）４Ｎ」２，ＰＭｏ２Ｓ４（ＳＣＨ２ＣＨ２Ｓ）２「的晶体。     

载体对Cu—Mn甲醇合成催化剂性能的影响

实验证实Ｃｕ－Ｍｎ甲醇合成催化剂的载体采用ＳｉＯ２比Ａｌ２Ｏ３性能更好，并探讨了催化过程的原理。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。