螺旋波纹波导回旋行波管和返波管的色散特性研究

螺旋波纹波导的特殊结构使TE11和TE21相互耦合,其色散特性相对于圆波导发生了极大的改变,使电磁波能够在宽频带内与电子注耦合,因此需要对其色散特性进行研究。通过理论分析和数值计算,得到了螺旋波纹波导的行波模式、返波模式的色散方程和色散曲线,着重分析了不同螺纹深度和螺纹周期对螺旋波纹波导行波模式色散特性和模式耦合的影响。研究表明,当螺纹深度变大时,螺旋波纹波导中的工作模式与非工作模式分离程度变大,对克服模式竞争比较有利;当螺纹周期变小时,工作模式1的线性变差,线性区域变得很窄,限制了螺旋波纹波导回旋行波管增益的提高。     

140 GHz螺旋波纹波导小回旋行波放大器的研究

针对140 GHz回旋行波管,采用三折螺旋波纹波导作为慢波结构,通过色散特性分析优化螺旋波纹波导结构参数,达成了抑制模式竞争和扩展带宽的目的;依据布拉格衍射机理设计了输入耦合器,能够确保电子束有效流通以及信号稳定输入,且在136.5~144 GHz范围内,S_(21)>-0.5 dB。以小回旋电子注为激励源对该螺旋波纹波导回旋行波放大器进行了PIC仿真,当输入信号的频率为140 GHz、功率为50 W时,输出信号功率为223 kW,增益为36.49 dB;在134~142 GHz的频率范围时,输出功率在113~223 kW之间,3 dB带宽大于8 GHz。本文将螺旋波纹波导结构应用于140 GHz并取得了高增益和大带宽,对后续在更高频率的研究和工程应用具有较高的参考价值。     

螺旋波纹波导在高功率微波领域中的应用研究

螺旋波纹波导是一种具有特殊结构的高功率微波源波导结构,螺旋波纹波导的特殊结构使得TE11和TE21两模式在角向耦合,耦合出的新工作模式具有良好的色散特性和模式选择特性,因此该波导具有广泛的应用价值。简要地介绍了螺旋波纹波导的结构原理,概述了该波导在高功率微波领域的工作原理。通过分析和模拟计算表明,螺旋波纹波导在高功率微波源中极具发展潜力,值得进一步研究。     

螺旋波纹波导中的返波

从螺旋波纹波导的一般性耦合波传输方程出发,根据螺旋波纹波导的模式耦合规则给出该波导内返波的耦合波方程和色散方程并分析其色散特性,由此分析螺旋波纹波导返波管的工作机理,并通过耦合波理论计算出本征模式中场的分布情况.     

螺旋波纹波导回旋行波管的模式耦合机制

从波导的等效边界条件出发,结合波导的激发方程组,通过数学推导说明了螺旋波纹波导回旋行波管的模式耦合机制。TE_1,1模会在螺旋波纹波导中耦合出TE_-2,1模,并且通过计算说明TE_-2,1模主要和TE_1,1模的空间-1次谐波发生耦合。     

（英）140GHz回旋行波管放大器准光学注入结构的设计

作为140GHz共焦波导回旋行波管放大器设计中的一个创新部分,关于准光学注入结构的设计方法将详细论述.归因于高斯光束对频率扰动的欠敏感特性,这样的注入结构具有比传统波导插入耦合器更大的带宽.注入系统包括耦合天线、镜面变换器和波纹波导三个部分,最终在高于50%功率注入水平下达到6.8GHz的带宽,并克服了可能的寄生模式振荡和由加工误差导致的注入效率迅速下降的问题.     

螺旋槽波导特性的计算与模拟研究

计算了螺旋槽波导的色散特性和群速度,用“准周期边界条件”方法和谐振法模拟计算了螺旋槽波导的色散特性,两种方法的模拟结果与计算都比较一致。此外,还模拟测试了渐变与规则螺旋槽波导连接的匹配性能、螺旋槽波导高频系统的传输特性。结果表明,螺旋槽波导是非常适用于回旋行波管的高频结构。     

140GHz回旋行波管放大器准光学注入结构的设计(英文)

作为140 GHz共焦波导回旋行波管放大器设计中的一个创新部分,关于准光学注入结构的设计方法将详细论述.归因于高斯光束对频率扰动的欠敏感特性,这样的注入结构具有比传统波导插入耦合器更大的带宽.注入系统包括耦合天线、镜面变换器和波纹波导三个部分,最终在高于50%功率注入水平下达到6.8 GHz的带宽,并克服了可能的寄生模式振荡和由加工误差导致的注入效率迅速下降的问题.     

0.14 THz大功率回旋行波管前级激励源粒子模拟研究

以折叠波导行波管作为大功率回旋行波管的前级激励信号源,利用电磁仿真软件HFSS和粒子模拟软件(CST粒子工作室),对0.14 THz微电真空折叠波导行波管慢波结构的色散特性、耦合阻抗进行计算分析,然后对折叠波导行波管束波互作用过程进行粒子模拟,最后通过粒子模拟得到该折叠波导行波管的增益、工作电压、电流等工作特性参数。在电压为13.9 kV、电流为16 mA,输入功率为5 mW的条件下,输出功率为5 W,线性增益为30 dB,带宽3.7 GHz,最大输出功率为6.2 W,该结果为0.14 THz大功率回旋行波管实现kW量级的功率输出提供功率足够的前级馈入信号奠定了基础。     

0.41 THz折叠波导慢波结构分析与设计

在0.14 THz,0.22 THz和0.34 THz折叠波导行波管研制的基础上,讨论了0.41 THz折叠波导行波管慢波结构设计与加工的可行性,分析研究了折叠波导慢波结构弯曲处直角弯曲与半圈弯曲、方形电子注通道与圆形电子注通道对色散特性、耦合阻抗、带宽、冷损耗和增益的影响。考虑了慢波结构中增加理想衰减器对该行波管带宽和增益的影响,得到了0.41 THz折叠波导行波管慢波结构的初步设计方案,为太赫兹折叠波导行波管的继续发展打下了一定基础。     

GAIN AND BANDWIDTH ANALYSIS OF A VANE-LOADED GYRO-TWT

Theoretical investigation of the peak-gain and 3-dB bandwidth of the vane-loaded gyro-traveling wave tube (gyro-TWT) amplifier in the small-orbit TE₀₁ waveguide mode configuration at 35 GHz has been presented. The vane-loaded gyro-TWT enjoys higher gain and bandwidth compared to that of the smooth-wall device. In the analysis, the azimuthal harmonic effects generated due to the angular periodicity of vanes in the wedge-shaped metal vane-loaded cylindrical waveguide interaction structure have been taken into account in the cold (beam-absent) dispersion relation only.     

Experimental investigation of a broadband dielectric-loadedgyro-TWT amplifier

The bandwidth of a gyrotron travelling wave amplifier has been broadened by incorporating a dielectric-loaded interaction waveguide to reduce the circuit's dispersion. This proof-of-principle experiment was designed for the X-band frequency range and operates in the fundamental mode of a rectangular waveguide loaded with dielectric Macor. The amplifier is zero-drive stable and demonstrates a peak output power of 55 kW, 11% efficiency, 27 dB saturated gain with an unprecedented untapered gyro-TWT constant-drive bandwidth of 11% and a saturated bandwidth of 14%. Its performance can be further enhanced by reducing the beam's axial velocity spread as shown by previous simulation studies     

A Stable 0.2-THz Coaxial-Waveguide Gyrotron Traveling-Wave-Tube Amplifier with Distributed Losses

For high-power operation, a THz gyrotron traveling-wave-tube (gyro-TWT) amplifier must operate in a high-order waveguide mode to enlarge the transverse dimension of an interaction waveguide. However, a gyro-TWT amplifier operating in a high-order waveguide mode is susceptible to spurious oscillations. To improve the device stability, in this study, we investigate the possibility of using a coaxial waveguide with distributed losses as the interaction structure. For the same required attenuation, all threatening oscillating modes can be suppressed using different combinations of losses of inner and outer cylinders. This provides flexibility in designing distributed losses when considering the ohmic loading of the interaction structure. We predict that the 0.2-THz gyro-TWT can stably produce a peak power of 14 kW with an efficiency of 23 %, a 3-dB bandwidth of 3.5 GHz, and a saturated gain of 50 dB for a 20-kV 3-A electron beam with a 5 % velocity spread and 1.0 velocity ratio.     

Effects of circuit loss and space charge in gyro-travelling-wave tubes

A modified dispersion relation of a gyro-TWT using a cylindrical waveguide excited in aT E _mn -mode is derived incorporating the effect of the transverse space charge forces. The relation is subsequently studied considering the circuit losses and interpreted for the conventional TWT-type gain equation. The second harmonic operation using theT E ₀₂ cylindrical waveguide mode resonated with the second beam-harmonic mode is found to be more sensitive to the Pierce's loss and space-charge parameters for a gyro-TWT than the fundamental operation using theT E ₀₁ cylindrical waveguide mode resonated with the first beam-harmonic mode. It is established that these parameters substantially influence the device gain and must be considered for the prediction of its accurate value. Furthermore, these parameters when properly controlled can also improve the device bandwidth.     

Modal Transition and Reduction in a Lossy Dielectric-Coated Waveguide for Gyrotron-Traveling-Wave Tube Amplifier Applications

A metal cylindrical waveguide coated with an inside layer of lossy dielectric which affects the propagation characteristics of a guided electromagnetic mode is investigated for gyrotron-traveling-wave tube (gyro-TWT) amplifier applications. This paper reveals a series of novel phenomena. The dispersion curve of a higher order mode has a turning point during its evolvement from the fast wave region to the slow wave region. An electromagnetic mode in the lossy dielectric-coated waveguide exhibits a transverse partial-standing-wave distribution. The dielectric loss induces modal transition which results in the dispersion curves of a pair of nearby modes crossing each other and interchanging mode structures. Modal reduction caused by strong dielectric loss merges a pair of nearby modes into one. In this one merged mode, the dielectric-coated waveguide is equivalent to a conventional cylindrical waveguide with imperfect conducting wall. This improved understanding of lossy dielectric-coated metal cylindrical waveguide is of value and usefulness for application toward gyro-TWTs capable of high-power and wide bandwidth.     

单模光纤声光滤波器带宽特性的研究

研究了基于匹配包层 (MC)、色散位移 (DS)和色散补偿 (DC)单模光纤的声光滤波器的带宽特性。研究结果表明利用具有比较强的波导色散的光纤可以实现窄带声光滤波器。为了描述光纤的色散特性与滤波器带宽的关系 ,定义了一个新的表征光纤色散特性的参数 N并提出了通过测量光纤声光滤波器峰值波长调谐度来测量色散参数N的新方法。采用商用DC光纤在实验上实现了带宽为 0 5 5nm的半高全宽 (FWHM)全光纤声光滤波器。     

Exploration of a double-tapered disc-loaded circular waveguide for a wideband gyro-TWT

The analysis of a disc-loaded circular waveguide interaction structure of a gyro-traveling-wave-tube (gyro-TWT) considering standing and propagating mode harmonics in the disc-occupied and disc-free regions, respectively, gave the beam-absent dispersion relation of the waveguide. The axial phase propagation constant predicted by the dispersion relation was substituted into the gyro-TWT gain-equation, the latter obtainable from the beam-present dispersion relation of the device. A method of double-tapering the structure dimensions was proposed that consists in tapering the disc-hole radius to distribute the midband frequency of amplification over a wide range of frequencies, and simultaneously tapering the waveguide-wall radius to compensate for gain reduction at band edges due to disc-hole radius tapering. The method has demonstrated wide device bandwidths at relatively large gain values.     

Analysis of an azimuthally periodic vane-loaded cylindrical waveguide for a gyro-travelling-wave tube

A cylindrical waveguide, provided with wedge-shaped metal vanes projecting radially inward from the wall of the guide, excited in the transverse electric (TE) mode, was analysed. The analysis was carried out considering the angular harmonics generated by the angular positioning of the vanes. A set of equations was generated in the Fourier amplitudes of field constants. The condition for nontrivial solutions for the field constants gave the dispersion relation of the structure. From the expression of power flow down the structure, its interaction impedance was also estimated. The shape of the dispersion characteristics and the value of the cutoff frequency as well as the interaction impedance characteristics of the waveguide were found to depend on the vane parameters their number as well as their radial and angular dimensions. The optimum vane parameters were obtained corresponding to the minimum variation of the slope of the ω-β dispersion plot, such parameters being useful from the standpoint of the bandwidth of a gyro-travelling-wave tube (gyro-TWT) using a vane-loaded cylindrical waveguide as the interaction structure. The dispersion and impedance characteristics, which were found typically for the TE₀₁ mode as defined for the structure, taking four vanes, were more sensitive to the number and angular width of the vanes than to their radial depth. The value of the interaction impedance, calculated at the potential beam position, was found to be higher for a loaded waveguide than for an unloaded one, and it depended on the frequency of operation relative to the cutoff. The interaction impedance also depended on the position of the beam relative to the waveguide wall where it was estimated, and hence the optimum beam position corresponding to the maximum interaction impedance was found. The theory was validated against the dispersion characteristics reported elsewhere typically for four-vane magnetron-like structures excited in the 2π mode. Although the present study was restricted to ‘cold’ analysis of the structure in the absence of the electron beam, it could provide important feedback for analysing a gyro-TWT, using a vane-loaded cylindrical waveguide, and hence for predicting the structure parameters for the wide-band performance of the device.     

Design and Simulation of an Ultra-Broadband Ku-BandGyro-TWT for Radar Applications

In this paper, the design of an ultra-broadband Ku-band gyro-TWT amplifier is presented in detail. The preliminary parameters of the interaction structure derived from the dispersion relationship and the linear theory of the gyro-TWT with distributed wall losses is optimized by the self-consistent nonlinear code. The performance of the designed gyro-TWT is simulated by the nonlinear code. The simulation results show that the gain and the bandwidth of the designed Ku-band gyro-TWT is about 36.5 dB and 2.1 GHz with 3 dB bandwidth (about 12.7%) respectively at the input power 19.0 W.