无人艇全分布式动态事件触发编队控制

针对通信资源受限的多无人艇(USV)编队控制问题, 本文提出了一种动态事件触发数据传输机制以降低通信频率, 减少控制算法对系统带宽的占用. 首先, 基于滑模和自适应控制算法设计一种全分布式编队控制器, 使得所有编队成员在保持预设队形的同时能够完成对期望轨迹的跟踪. 与现有编队控制器相比, 该控制器不需要通信网络的全局信息. 然后, 基于Lyapunov稳定性理论证明了编队跟踪误差以及所有闭环信号都能达到稳定状态. 此外,该算法能够保证触发时间序列不表现出Zeno行为. 最后, 通过数值仿真验证了全分布式编队控制器的有效性     

无人水面艇复合自适应轨迹跟踪控制

针对存在模型参数不确定性和极易受到风、浪、流等时变干扰的欠驱动无人水面艇的轨迹跟踪控制问题,根据扰动观测器能对不确定项和外界干扰进行估计和补偿且具有鲁棒性特点,提出一种基于复合扰动观测器的自适应轨迹跟踪控制。该复合自适应观测器利用跟踪误差和估计误差共同调节自适应参数,在不激励高频未建模动态的情况下,该复合自适应闭环控制系统可得到更快的收敛速度和更高的跟踪精度。理论分析和仿真实验证明了所提出的无人水面艇复合自适应控制的有效性。     

无人水面艇航迹跟踪控制仿真

针对模型参数不确定、存在外界风浪流干扰的欠驱动无人水面艇的航迹跟踪问题,为提高无人水面艇自主航行能力,减小航迹跟踪过程中的轨迹偏差与跟踪迟滞,提出了一种分层控制结构的方法;由外至内采取航迹、航向、舵角三层控制,外环航迹控制层使用过渡目标点策略,根据无人水面艇的偏航距确定实时目标点,中环航向控制层使用最小转角策略,根据无人水面艇艏向角与目标方向角之差确定偏转打角,内环舵角控制层使用模糊自适应整定PID控制器,对模型参数的动态变化进行补偿;基于MATLAB GUI进行无人水面艇航迹跟踪控制仿真试验,结果表明,模糊自适应整定PID控制器提高了舵角的控制响应速度,无人水面艇在航行过程中的直线行驶、连续折线行驶均能得到较好的航迹跟踪控制。     

基于PCI8602的无人水面艇控制系统设计

介绍一种基于PCI8602数据采集卡的无人水面艇(USV)控制系统设计方法,硬件方面分为USV载体、岸基监控系统和无线传输系统,USV载体核心为工控机及PCI8602数据采集卡,它是通过数据采集卡控制直流电机和采集各类传感器数据,差分定位系统通过RS232串口与工控机相连,岸基监控系统由PC机组成,无线传输系统通过RS232串口与工控机、PC机相连,实现数据无线传输。软件方面可用Visual Basic编写,无需编写各层之间复杂的通信协议,各子系统之间易集成。最终实验结果表明,USV控制系统能够实时采集和发送相应测量数据,并且能够实现USV的远程控制。     

基于动态事件触发机制的网络化系统有限频域故障检测

针对通信带宽受限的网络环境,引入一种基于动态事件触发机制的数据传输策略,研究了一类非线性网络化系统在随机网络攻击下的有限频域故障检测问题。首先,在考虑故障灵敏性和扰动鲁棒性的前提下,利用状态增广的方法将原系统的故障检测问题转换成H-/H∞滤波问题;然后,在考虑扇区有界非线性和随机网络攻击的情况下,将故障的有限频域特性考虑到H-性能指标的设计中,并结合有限频输入特性,给出有限频故障输入下的故障检测滤波器与动态事件触发机制的联合设计算法;最后,通过搅拌釜式反应器系统的仿真算例验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于有限时间扰动观测器的无人水面艇精确航迹跟踪控制

针对复杂航行环境下的无人水面艇系统,提出一种基于有限时间扰动观测器的无人水面艇精确航迹跟踪控制策略.该控制方法具有以下显著特点:能够精确补偿未知海洋干扰,可实现精确跟踪控制;相比传统的渐近收敛控制算法,有限时间稳定性确保跟踪控制系统具有更快的收敛速度和更强的扰动抑制能力;能够同时确保扰动观测误差和航迹跟踪误差在有限时间内精确收敛到零.仿真结果验证了所提出控制方法的有效性和优越性.     

无人水面艇嵌入式基础运动控制系统研究

从硬件和软件两方面详细地讨论了无人水面艇嵌入式基础运动控制系统的体系结构.该运动控制系统采用了便于调试和监控的底层工控机和顶层控制机相结合的模式.同时详细阐述了无人水面艇基础运动控制系统的控制任务划分、运动控制实现、控制算法等流程.最后通过仿真试验表明,整个嵌入式基础运动控制系统满足可行性和可靠性要求.     

多无人水面艇协同海上溢油羽流监测

本文讨论多无人水面艇协同海上溢油污染羽流监测问题,其中羽流扩张过程是由二维空间对流–扩散方程描述.本文的主要目标是为水面无人艇构建基于领导–跟随–锚的协同控制算法,实现其对羽流边界的动态合围与实时跟踪,其中羽流边界是一个预先设定阈值的水平集合.为此,选择两艘无人水面艇分别将其设定为边界领导艇和边界锚艇,并将其余艇设定为...     

基于模糊控制的无人水面艇直线路径跟踪方法

针对直流电机驱动固定双桨的无人水面艇,提出一种基于模糊控制的直线路径跟踪方法;利用无人水面艇到目标路径的垂直距离以及无人水面艇的实际航向与给定路径方向的差值来确定无人水面艇的当前状态,根据模糊推理的方法实时调整左右两侧推进电机的输入电压,进而改变无人水面艇的运动状态,实现无人水面艇自主直线路径跟踪;模糊控制器采用双输入双输出的控制结构,无需建立精确的控制器模型,在无人水面艇初始位置相对于跟踪直线的不同位置关系情况下进行了仿真实验,并与PID控制器的性能进行了比较,仿真结果表明:在初始航向偏差角较大时,如2π/3、π时,该方法克服了采用固定参数PID控制方法时出现的大迴转现象;在初始航向偏差角较小时,如π/4、3π/7、π/2时,该方法在超调量以及调节时间方面的直线跟踪性能优于固定参数PID控制方法。     

动态事件触发的无人机非线性系统故障检测

本文在Hi/H1优化框架下, 研究基于动态事件触发的无人机非线性系统故障检测问题. 高空、长航时无人 机需要通过通信网络与地面站进行数据交互, 以实现故障检测等复杂功能. 为了充分利用有限的通信资源, 采用动 态事件触发机制决定是否将测量输入输出数据传送给故障检测模块, 若传输数据不满足触发条件则被丢弃, 因此, 故障检测性能不仅受到干扰和故障影响, 还受到非事件触发时刻数据与实际系统数据误差影响, 即事件触发传输误 差影响. 为此, 针对无人机非线性系统, 提出一种新的动态事件触发Hi/H1故障检测方法. 该方法可以在动态事件触 发条件下, 实现故障检测滤波器残差与事件传输误差完全解耦, 能够避免连续通信和Zeno现象. 在Hi/H1优化框架 下, 通过Riccati方程递归计算, 得到动态事件触发故障检测滤波器的最优解. 最后, 以无人机非线性姿态控制系统为 例, 验证所提方法的有效性和可行性.     

Model predictive and non-cooperative dynamic game fault recovery control strategies for a network of unmanned underwater vehicles

In this paper, the problem of control and fault recovery for a team of autonomous underwater vehicles in the presence of loss of effectiveness (LOE) actuator faults is addressed. Towards this end, two different fault recovery control strategies based on the model predictive control technique as well as the dynamic game theory are proposed and developed. Given the allowable information that can be exchanged among the agents, both centralised and semi-decentralised recovery control schemes are considered and their associated corresponding fault recovery strategies are developed. The proposed active fault recovery control strategies incorporate both the online inaccurate as well as delayed actuator fault estimates to reconfigure the nominal (healthy state) controllers. The effectiveness of the proposed semi-decentralised fault recovery control schemes is quantitatively investigated through extensive simulation case studies considering various LOE actuator fault severities in one or more unmanned vehicles as well as fault detection and isolation module imperfections such as fault estimation error and time delays in detecting the faults. The simulation results demonstrate and illustrate that our proposed semi-decentralised recovery control scheme can maintain acceptable degraded tracking and formation keeping performance of both the faulty and healthy agents in the team with lower computational and communication bandwidth requirements as well as lower or fairly close control effort cost as compared to the centralised control recovery scheme.     

Passivity-based event-triggered fault tolerant control for VTOL with actuator failure and parameter uncertainties

This paper investigates passivity based fault tolerant control (FTC) for Vertical Take-off and Landing aircraft system subject to actuator failure under event-driven transmission mechanism. Firstly, a polytopic model is proposed to describe the aircraft dynamics with parameter uncertainties, which is more general in practice. In order to process the lose efficacy of actuator, the failure of actuator is modelled as multiplicative fault model. In addition, the hybrid event trigger transmission mechanism is introduced in FTC to save communication resource. The proposed design method not only ensures the closed-loop system is strictly passive with a prescribed passivity performance index, but also gets rid of Zeno phenomenon fundamentally, which may exist in continuous event trigger scheme. Finally, simulation results are presented to show the validity and application of the proposed method.     

Flocking control of a fleet of unmanned aerial vehicles

Current applications using single unmanned vehicle have been gradually extended to multiple ones due to their increased efficiency in mission accomplishment, expanded coverage areas and ranges, as well as enhanced system reliability. This paper presents a flocking control method with application to a fleet of unmanned quadrotor helicopters (UQHs). Three critical characteristics of formation keeping, collision avoidance, and velocity matching have been taken into account in the algorithm development to make it capable of accomplishing the desired objectives (like forest/pipeline surveillance) by safely and efficiently operating a group of UQHs. To achieve these, three layered system design philosophy is considered in this study. The first layer is the flocking controller which is designed based on the kinematics of UQH. The modified Cucker and Smale model is used for guaranteeing the convergence of UQHs to flocking, while a repelling force between each two UQHs is also added for ensuring a specified safety distance. The second layer is the motion controller which is devised based on the kinetics of UQH by employing the augmented state-feedback control approach to greatly minimize the steady-state error. The last layer is the UQH system along with its actuators. Two primary contributions have been made in this work: first, different from most of the existing works conducted on agents with double integrator dynamics, a new flocking control algorithm has been designed and implemented on a group of UQHs with nonlinear dynamics. Furthermore, the constraint of fixed neighbouring distance in formation has been relaxed expecting to significantly reduce the complexity caused by the increase of agents number and provide more flexibility to the formation control. Extensive numerical simulations on a group of UQH nonlinear models have been carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Cooperative actuator fault accommodation in formation flight of unmanned vehicles using relative measurements

In this article, the cooperative fault accommodation in formation flight of unmanned vehicles is investigated through a hierarchical framework. Three levels are envisaged, namely a low-level fault recovery (LLFR), a formation-level fault recovery (FLFR) and a high-level (HL). In the LLFR module, a recovery controller is designed by using an estimate of the actuator fault. A performance monitoring module is introduced at the HL hierarchy to identify a partially low-level (LL) recovered vehicle due to inaccuracy in the fault estimate which results in violating the error specification of the formation mission. The HL supervisor then activates the FLFR module to compensate for the performance degradations of the partially LL recovered vehicle at the expense of the other healthy vehicles. Both centralised and decentralised control approaches are developed for our proposed cooperative fault recovery technique. A robust H _∞ controller is designed in which the parameters of the controller are adjusted to accommodate for the partially LL-recovered vehicle by enforcing that the other healthy vehicles allocate more control effort to compensate for the performance degradations of the faulty vehicle. Numerical simulations for a formation flight of five satellites are provided in the deep space, which do indeed confirm the validity and effectiveness of our proposed analytical work.     

Simultaneous fault detection and control for stochastic time-delay systems

This paper is concerned with the simultaneous fault detection and control problem for Itô-type stochastic time-delay systems. A full-order dynamic output feedback controller is designed to achieve the desired control and detection objectives. The main contributions of this paper are as follows: (1) for stochastic time-delay systems, the controller design with multiple objectives can be addressed by employing the multiple Lyapunov functions approach, (2) the dynamic output feedback controller synthesis conditions described by linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) are derived and (3) within the proposed fault detection and control framework, a better integrated control and detection performance can be obtained. Some numerical examples including the comparison results are presented to show the advantages of the proposed method.     

无人机多机动目标自主探测与跟踪

无人机机载相机图像中机动目标尺寸较小而且会发生显著变化,加上大量的背景噪声干扰,给目标探测和跟踪带来很大困难.针对这些问题,本文提出了一种在无人机机载相机图像序列中自主探测与跟踪多个机动目标的方法.首先,提取目标的图像数字特征并采用级联分类算法进行特征分类,得到目标的强分类器,对目标进行自主探测搜索.然后,基于全局最优关联算法对探测回波进行关联滤波,实现对多个机动目标的跟踪与识别,其中最优关联代价矩阵融合了距离和方向信息,提高了关联和跟踪的鲁棒性.将无人机航拍图像序列中的地面坦克作为目标进行实验,结果表明本文算法可以实现对多个机动目标的自主探测和跟踪,并具有较好的跟踪鲁棒性.     

Simultaneous fault detection and control for switched systems with actuator faults

This paper is concerned with the fault detection and control problem for discrete-time switched systems. The actuator faults, especially ‘outage cases’, are considered. The detector/controller is designed simultaneously such that the closed-loop system switches under an average dwell time, and when a fault is detected, an alarm is generated and then the controller is switched to allow the norm of the states of the subsystem to increase within the acceptable limits. Thus, a switching strategy which combines average dwell time switching with event-driven switching is proposed. Under this switching strategy, the attention is focused on designing the detector/controller such that estimation errors between residual signals and faults are minimised for the fulfillment of fault detection objectives; simultaneously, the closed-loop system becomes asymptotically stable for the fulfillment of control objectives. A two-step procedure is adopted to obtain the solutions through satisfying a set of linear matrix inequalities. An example comprising of three cases is considered. Through these cases, it is demonstrated that the fault detection and control for switched systems using a two-stage switching strategy and asynchronous switching are feasible.