MIMS: Towards a Message Interface Based Memory System

The decades-old synchronous memory bus interface has restricted many innovations in the memory system, which is facing various challenges （or walls） in the era of multi-core and big data. In this paper, we argue that a message- based interface should be adopted to replace the traditional bus-based interface in the memory system. A novel message interface based memory system called MIMS is proposed. The key innovation of MIMS is that processors communicate with the memory system through a universal and flexible message packet interface. Each message packet is allowed to encapsulate multiple memory requests （or commands） and additional semantic information. The memory system is more intelligent and active by equipping with a local buffer scheduler, which is responsible for processing packets, scheduling memory requests, preparing responses, and executing specific commands with the help of semantic information. Under the MIMS framework, many previous innovations on memory architecture as well as new optimization opportunities such as address compression and continuous requests combination can be naturally incorporated. The experimental results on a 16-core cycle-detailed simulation system show that： with accurate granularity message, MIMS can improve system performance by 53.21% and reduce energy delay product （EDP） by 55.90%. Furthermore, it can improve effective bandwidth utilization by 62.42% and reduce memory access latency by 51% on average.     

Salient object detection using biogeography-based optimization to combine features

In recent studies, ontology related concepts have been introduced into FIPA ACL content language to convey information for agent communication. However, these works have only applied ontology-based knowledge representation in communication message and then demonstrated the advantage of this association. In fact, although ontology can represent semantic implications needed for decidable reasoning support, it has no mechanism for defining complex rule-based representation to support inference. The motivation of this study is to address this issue by developing a semantic-based infrastructure to integrate Semantic Web technologies into ACL message contents. This semantic-based infrastructure defines two different semantic frameworks: the three-tier knowledge representation framework for message content and the Multi-layer Ontology Architecture for content language. The former is developed based on Semantic Web stack to support ontology-based reasoning and rule-based inference. The latter is adopted to develop a Lightweight Ontology-based Content Language (LOCL) to describe agent communication messages in an unambiguous and computer-interpretable way Jena reasoner is used in an application scenario that exploits agent communication with LOCL as content language, OWL as ontology language, and SWRL as rule language to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed infrastructure.     

多媒体短消息实时阻断与分类系统

MMS(Multimedia Messaging Service)作为一种新兴的移动数据业务,因其支持图片、声音、动画等多媒体的传输,越来越受到用户青睐。用户每天利用该服务定制,传送和转发大量的实时媒体信息。如何对这些信息进行过滤和自动分类,在现实中具有重要意义。通常过滤应用系统可以根据信息的源地址和目的地址实现该消息的正常路由或阻断。提出的方法则能够根据多媒体信息中的图片内容来决定是否路由或阻断,同时对这些图片按语义进行自动分类,为在MMS服务中过滤和分类未经请求或订阅的垃圾媒体信息(如商业广告等)提供了新的方案。     

Development of an HL7 interface engine, based on tree structure and streaming algorithm, for large-size messages which include image data

A basic assumption of Health Level Seven (HL7) protocol is 'No limitation of message length'. However, most existing commercial HL7 interface engines do limit message length because they use the string array method, which is run in the main memory for the HL7 message parsing process. Specifically, messages with image and multi-media data create a long string array and thus cause the computer system to raise critical and fatal problem. Consequently, HL7 messages cannot handle the image and multi-media data necessary in modern medical records. This study aims to solve this problem with the 'streaming algorithm' method. This new method for HL7 message parsing applies the character-stream object which process character by character between the main memory and hard disk device with the consequence that the processing load on main memory could be alleviated. The main functions of this new engine are generating, parsing, validating, browsing, sending, and receiving HL7 messages. Also, the engine can parse and generate XML-formatted HL7 messages. This new HL7 engine successfully exchanged HL7 messages with 10 megabyte size images and discharge summary information between two university hospitals.     

Cryptanalysis of a sessional blind signature based on quantum cryptography

A digital signature is a mathematical scheme for demonstrating the authenticity of a digital message or document. A blind signature is a form of digital signature in which the content of a message is disguised (blinded) before it is signed to protect the privacy of the message from the signatory. For signing quantum messages, some quantum blind signature protocols have been proposed. Recently, Khodambashi et al. (Quantum Inf Process 13:121, 2014) proposed a sessional blind signature based on quantum cryptography. It was claimed that these protocol could guarantee unconditional security. However, after our analysis, we find that the signature protocol will cause the key information leakage in the view of information theory. Taking advantage of loophole, the message sender can succeed in forging the signature without the knowledge of the whole exact key between the verifier and him. To conquer this shortcoming, we construct an improved protocol based on it and the new protocol can resist the key information leakage attacks.     

基于图表示学习的消息回复关系判断方法

微信、QQ和钉钉等社交媒体都提供多对多聊天群组功能,这些聊天群组包含海量信息,对群组聊天内容进行有效分析,获取有价值的关联信息,是当前领域的研究热点。群组中用户间交互是群组实现的主要功能,用户间消息回复是用户间交互实现的方式,消息间的回复行为下隐藏着消息间和用户间的关系。群组消息间回复通常是隐式和非连续的,大部分群组消息间没有指定明确的回复关系,当前消息也不一定是上一条临近消息的回复,回复关系要根据具体的聊天场景确定。当消息间没有显示指定回复关系时,回复不易于分析和理解群组聊天内容,阻碍了对群组聊天内容的整体性分析。本论文针对群组消息间的回复关系,提出了基于图表示学习的消息回复关系判断方法,该方法不同于以往方法仅使用部分群组要素,是在综合学习消息的文本信息、发送消息的用户信息和上下文信息的基础上,根据群组内容构建群组图和生成自适应消息图,得到了多种群组要素信息和要素间关系组成的图结构,利用图模型在图结构上进行群组消息的表示学习,图模型输出群组消息的表示向量,拼接消息对的表示向量并进一步预测群组消息间的回复关系。在消息间回复关系的学习过程中,图模型通过任务学习更新图中消息节点,同时更新图中用户节点向量表示,经过用户向量分析实验验证了该模型输出的用户向量的有效性和合理性。在公开数据集和标注数据集上进行了对比实验和显著性检验分析,结果显示模型在多个评估指标上大幅优于对比模型,如在F1指标上,比单纯依赖BERT的句子对分类模型提高了接近20%。     

基于一般逻辑拓扑结构的广播通信研究和实现

在分布存储并行计算消息传递系统中,许多广播通信中的消息传递路径是对程序员透明的,程序员不能改变消息传递路径,但应用程序运行时的情况很复杂。程序员根据计算环境及应用程序特征选择消息传递路径,有助于提高广播通信的效能。在通信过程中,消息标志是用来区分消息的,以便接受进程能正确接受消息。然后,消息标志易导致应用程序出错,而且消息标志增加编制程序的复杂性。文中首先给出了逻辑拓扑结构的形式定义及基本性质,提     

基于Isomap的中文短信文本聚类算法

给出的算法思想是首先计算出中文短信的相似度,再通过使用Isomap方法得到短信在语义空间中的嵌入情况,然后将短信在低维嵌入上进行聚类分析。该算法克服了短信的传统聚类分析在表示层次上遇到的困难,也克服了词频统计法不能将内容意思相似的短信聚集在一起的缺点,实验表明该算法是行之有效的。     

网络并行计算系统的消息存储器网络接口设计

文中通过定性分析典型并行应用程序,提出产蒙义了消息传递无关因子Ｒ,即堆中的数据的传递在整个消息传递中所占比例,而且后在一个实际的ＮＰＣ环境中对一组典型并行应用程序进行踪迹统计,证实了Ｒ接近１的分析,根据这个定性分析以及定量统计结构,结合存储器技术的进展,在ＮＰＣ中的网络接口上引入了消息存储器,使得ＮＰＣ中各个结点可以直接访问其它结点的消息存储器,通过竣是出结论,在设置了消息存储器的网络接口的ＮＰＣ     

面向动画自动生成的中文短信关系抽取

手机短信3D动画自动生成系统是根据发送方短信的内容, 经过信息抽取、语义分析等一系列步骤, 最终生成一段与短信内容匹配的三维动画并发送给接收方. 信息抽取处于手机3D动画自动生成系统首要和关键的位置, 其目的是为3D动画自动生成系统的后续环节提供可动画的信息. 本文引入路径特征实现中文短信文本的关系抽取. 利用哈尔滨工业大学LTP-Cloud平台对短信进行预处理, 从处理结果中提取路径并泛化得到路径特征, 通过一阶归纳学习器组合特征, 得到匹配规则, 然后再通过匹配到的规则对短信进行预测, 从而抽取出短信中的关系类型及对应的关系组合.     

Emotion space model for classifying opinions in stock message board

The online stock message is known to have impacts on the trend of the stock market. Understanding investor opinions in stock message boards is important, and the automatic classification of the investors’ opinions is one of the key methods for the issue. Traditional opinion classification methods mainly use terms and their frequency, part of speech, rule of opinions and sentiment shifters. But semantic information is ignored in term selection, and it is also hard to find the complete rules. In this paper, based on the classification of human emotions proposed by Ekman, we extend the traditional positive–negative analysis to the six important emotion states to build an extremely low dimensional emotion space model (ESM). It enables the prediction of investors’ emotions in public. Specifically, we use lexical semantic extension and correlation analysis methods to extend the scale of emotion words, which can capture more words with strong emotions for ad hoc domain, like network emotion symbols. We apply our ESM on messages of a famous stock message board TheLion. We also compare our model with traditional methods information gain and mutual information. The results show that ESM is not parameter sensitive. Besides, ESM is efficient for modeling sentiment classifying and can achieve higher classification accuracy than traditional ones.     

Advancing racism with Facebook: Frequency and purpose of Facebook use and the acceptance of prejudiced and egalitarian messages

The present study examined the relationship between frequency of Facebook use and attitude toward negative racial messages that are presented via Facebook. White participants completed a measure of Facebook use and then read one of three persuasive messages regarding race: an egalitarian message, a negative message with a superiority focus, or a negative message with a victim focus. Participants indicated their attitude toward the message and their Facebook-related behavioral intentions. Results showed that frequency of Facebook use related positively to message acceptance, particularly messages with overt racist content. Facebook users who were motivated by information seeking needs discriminated the most between messages, accepting an egalitarian message and rejecting messages with racist content.     

Handling message semantics with Generic Broadcast protocols

Summary. Message ordering is a fundamental abstraction in distributed systems. However, ordering guarantees are usually purely “syntactic,” that is, message “semantics” is not taken into consideration despite the fact that in several cases semantic information about messages could be exploited to avoid ordering messages unnecessarily. In this paper we define the Generic Broadcast problem, which orders messages only if needed, based on the semantics of the messages. The semantic information about messages is introduced by conflict relations. We show that Reliable Broadcast and Atomic Broadcast are special instances of Generic Broadcast. The paper also presents two algorithms that solve Generic Broadcast. Received: August 2000 / Accepted: August 2001     

Online discussion processes: Effects of earlier messages’ evaluations,knowledge content,social cues and personal information on later messages

This study of the flow of online discussions examined how earlier messages affected later messages along five dimensions: (1) evaluations (agreement, disagreement, or unresponsive actions); (2) knowledge content (contribution, repetition, or null content); (3) social cues (positive, negative, or none); (4) personal information (number of visits); and (5) elicitation (eliciting response or not). Using sequential logit regressions and a structural equation model (SEM), this study analyzed 131 messages across seven topics in the mathematics forum of a university Bulletin Board System (BBS) Website. Results showed that a disagreement or contribution in the previous message increased the likelihoods of disagreements and social cue displays in the current message. Unlike face-to-face discussions, online discussion messages that disagreed with an earlier message were more likely to elicit responses. Together, these results support the claims that teachers can use and manage online discussions at the message level to promote critical thinking, facilitate discussion of controversial topics, and reduce status effects.     

基于D-S证据理论的微博客蕴含交通信息提取方法

微博客消息中经常蕴含大量实时交通信息,有望与现有实时交通信息采集方式形成互补。该文针对微博客消息语义模糊性及用户描述差异性问题,提出了一种微博客消息蕴含交通信息的D-S证据理论提取方法。该方法首先构建微博客消息蕴含交通状态信息评价体系,利用百科知识提高评价精度,然后定义微博客消息源的基本概率分配函数,通过证据合成与证据决策,实现微博客消息蕴含实时交通信息的甄别与融合。实验结果表明,该方法能够对微博客消息蕴含实时交通信息的可信度进行有效判断,并能够在最大程度上利用不同微博客用户发布消息的信息内容,且较之传统的文本聚类融合方法具有更高的准确率。     

Steganography via running short text messages

Steganography, or covert communication between two parties through public channels, has been received a lot of attention, since the mere existence of encrypted message might cause suspicion and could even provide useful information to eavesdroppers. In some cases, secret information needs to be covertly broadcast to receivers in multiple locations at the same time. In this paper, we propose a novel steganographic scheme, which covertly sends secret message to multiple receivers via a stream of running short text messages displayed on a media output screen, assuming appropriate optical character recognition (OCR) functionality at the decoder. We use Thai language short text messages as a case study. We analyze the characteristics of Thai short text messages and introduce some effective message-to-bit transformation methods. We find that one Thai short text message can be transformed into multiple secret bits. In principle, the proposed transformation methods can be applied to short text messages in any language. We use a provably secure construction that guarantees covertness, privacy, and authenticity of the secret data against active attacks. In an experimental evaluation, we show that four secret message bits can be embedded in each short text message. In addition, we find that the embedded bits can be retrieved correctly and easily by human observers without OCR functionality at the decoder. Thus, the scheme is practical and effective for covert communication from one sender to multiple receivers over public channels.     

Considerate home notification systems: A user study of acceptability of notifications in a living-room laboratory

Recent field experiments on acceptability of notifications in the home showed that people generally want to be informed of urgent messages as soon as possible, whereas non-urgent messages should not be presented at all. A possible way to improve the acceptability of a notification might be to adjust the presentation mode and the timing of notifications to the message content and to the state of the user. For example, acceptability might be improved by considering user activities when selecting the best time to present the message. The relation between acceptability, presentation mode and timing has not been formally studied in a controlled home setting before. This paper presents the results of a user study, in which 10 participant couples were asked to engage in everyday home activities, and to subjectively rate factors that were expected to influence acceptability. The study was situated in a living-room laboratory in which the user activities and the timing of notifications were controlled. Questionnaire data was evaluated using cluster analysis in order to construct a semantic model that describes the relationship between user, system and environment. The key findings in the present study are: (1) acceptability could be improved by adjusting the level of intrusiveness of the presentation to message urgency: urgent messages should be presented intrusively, medium-urgent messages unobtrusively, and (2) non-urgent messages should be postponed until the message urgency has increased, or skipped if the message urgency never exceeds the predefined presentation threshold. Surprisingly, the user activities at the time of notification were not found to influence acceptability. These findings have resulted in a model of acceptability of notifications for the design of future home notification systems.     

Combining rule-based learning and memory-based learning for automatic word spacing in simple message service

Short message service (SMS) is a widely used service in modern mobile phones that allows users to send or receive short text messages. Current SMS, however, has two problems of inconvenient input and short message length. These problems can be resolved if a phone has an ability of automatic word spacing. This is because users need not put spaces in sending messages and longer messages are possible as they contain no space. Thus, automatic word spacing will be a very useful tool for SMS, if it can be commercially served. The practical issues of implementing it on the devices such as mobile phones are small memory and low computing power of the devices. To tackle these problems, this paper proposes a combined model of rule-based learning and memory-based learning. According to the experimental results, the model shows higher accuracy than rule-based learning or memory-based learning alone. In addition, the generated rules are so small and simple that the proposed model is appropriate for small memory devices.     

Effects of redundancy in the comparison of speech and pictorial displays in the cockpit environment

Synthesised speech and pictorial displays were compared in a spatially compatible simulated cockpit environment. Messages of high or low levels of redundancy were presented to subjects in both modality conditions. Subjects responded to warnings presented in a warning-only condition and in a dual-task condition, in which a simulated flight task was performed with visual and manual input/output modalities. Because the amount of information presented in most real-world applications and experimental paradigms is quantifiably large with respect to present guidelines for the use of synthesised speech warnings, the low-redundancy condition was hypothesised to allow for better performance. Results showed that subjects respond quicker to messages of low redundancy in both modalities. It is suggested that speech messages with low-redundancy levels were effective in minimising message length and ensuring that messages did not overload the short-term memory required to process and maintain speech in memory. Manipulation of phrase structure was used to optimise message redundancy and enhance the conceptual compatibility of the message without increasing message length or imposing a perceptual cost or memory overload. The results also suggest that system response times were quicker when synthesised speech warnings were used. This result is consistent with predictions from multiple resource theory which states that the resources required for the perception of verbal warnings are different from those for the flight task. It is also suggested that the perception of a pictorial display requires the same resources used for the perception of the primary flight task. An alternative explanation is that pictorial displays impose a visual scanning cost which is responsible for decreased performance. Based on the findings reported here, it is suggested that speech displays be incorporated in a spatially compatible cockpit environment because they allow equal or better performance when compared with pictorial displays. More importantly, the amount of time that the operator must direct his vision away from information vital to the flight task is decreased.     

Chat with illustration

Instant messaging service is an important aspect of social media and sprung up in last decades. Traditional instant messaging service transfers information mainly based on textual message, while the visual message is ignored to a great extent. Such instant messaging service is thus far from satisfactory in all-around information communication. In this paper, we propose a novel visual assisted instant messaging scheme named Chat with illustration (CWI), which presents users visual messages associated with textual message automatically. When users start their chat, the system first identifies meaningful keywords from dialogue content and analyzes grammatical and logical relations. Then CWI explores keyword-based image search on a hierarchically clustering image database which is built offline. Finally, according to grammatical and logical relations, CWI assembles these images properly and presents an optimal visual message. With the combination of textual and visual message, users could get a more interesting and vivid communication experience. Especially for different native language speakers, CWI can help them cross language barrier to some degree. In addition, a visual dialogue summarization is also proposed, which help users recall the past dialogue. The in-depth user studies demonstrate the effectiveness of our visual assisted instant messaging scheme.