超白浮法玻璃生产过程中气泡与液流的特征及其相互关系

通过计算机模拟,分析了超白浮法玻璃生产中液流的特点:池深方向垂直温度梯度与黏度梯度明显小于普通浮法玻璃,上下液流流速差小,对流弱;玻璃液平均温度高,池底不动层变浅。结合玻璃液流和温度的特征,分析了超白玻璃生产过程中熔窑泡沫区长、玻璃的还原性增强的原因,讨论了超白玻璃生产中容易出现的几种气泡类型及其形成机理。     

卡脖深层水包在超白浮法玻璃生产中的使用方式探讨

由于超白玻璃和普通浮法玻璃在透过率及铁含量方面的较大差异,使得玻璃液在熔窑内液流及透热性能发生了较大改变,因此普通浮法玻璃卡脖深层水包的使用方式已不再适用于超白浮法玻璃的生产过程。本文论述了在超白浮法玻璃生产过程中卡脖水包的使用方式,同时采用荷兰TNO公司的GTM软件,通过数值模拟的方法,分析了卡脖深层水包不同压入深度对玻璃液流动方向上玻璃液温度梯度的影响和玻璃液液流的作用变化情况,找出了在设计拉引量下生产超白浮法玻璃时最佳压入深度;同时有针对性地对卡脖深层水包进行了改造,延长了卡脖水包的使用寿命,有效地改善了玻璃液的均化和澄清,提高了玻璃质量和产品品位。     

浮法生产中的深层卡脖水包

浮法玻璃生产中卡脖深层水包被广泛的应用,本文阐述了浮法玻璃窑内玻璃液的回流对生产的影响及卡脖水包如何通过影响液流来影响生产的。     

700 t/d浮法玻璃熔窑中玻璃液流动特性与澄清过程研究

从新的视角研究了浮法玻璃熔窑中玻璃液的流动与澄清。利用Ansys CFD软件,对浮法玻璃熔窑内玻璃液流场进行了模拟计算,分析了池窑内玻璃液温度分布和流动特性,在此基础上进一步分析了玻璃液气泡的澄清过程。结果表明,沿窑长方向,玻璃液表面与池底温度分别呈现两个山形分布,玻璃液在池窑内形成三个大范围环流,澄清部前进流和回流速度均先增大后减小。池深方向由液面到池底,玻璃液温度呈梯状递减,在离液面约400 mm深度处液流前进速度为0,热点以后此面以上液流向卡脖平稳流动,到达卡脖处的最短时间为418 s,在此时间内,直径大于1.2 mm的气泡在随液流到达卡脖前可排出,直径小于1.2 mm的气泡能否排出还需进一步研究气泡的上浮和变化规律。     

窑坎在超薄浮法玻璃生产中的应用

利用三维计算机模拟技术,研究了窑坎在超薄浮法玻璃生产中对稳定熔窑内玻璃液流的作用.为了在大幅度升降拉引量的条件下提高玻璃熔制质量,确定了窑坎的位置.     

熔化控制技术在超薄浮法玻璃生产中的应用

针对超薄浮法玻璃生产中不定拉引量的特点,采用合理的熔化控制技术,使得熔窑内玻璃液流在拉引量变化时不出现大的波动,确保超薄浮法玻璃产品实物质量的连续稳定.     

保温对玻璃熔窑内传热与流动的影响

建立了浮法玻璃熔窑内传热与流动的三维数学模型,研究了不同保温情况对玻璃液流场、熔窑热平衡及玻璃熔化质量的影响.对熔化部保温可以起到改善玻璃熔化质量、节能降耗的作用.     

超大吨位一窑两线浮法玻璃熔窑的数值模拟研究

一窑两线浮法玻璃熔窑技术对我国浮法玻璃产业的升级转型和“双碳”目标的实现具有重要意义。本文采用Glass Furnace Model软件,数值模拟分析了1 250 t/d非对称型一窑两线浮法玻璃熔窑的温度分布和玻璃液流规律,利用温度场和液流场,以及快速粒子运动轨迹、粒子的最小滞留时间和平均滞留时间等指标,研究了冷却部的偏心结构设计对出口玻璃液温度均匀性及液流稳定性的影响。结果表明:主线冷却部的玻璃液回流进入支线的比例增加会导致支线冷却部入口玻璃液的温度降低;支线通道长度增加会导致支线流道出口玻璃液温度的降低;采用合适的偏心结构冷却部设计,主线和支线流道出口玻璃液在池窑内的滞留时间差异缩小,玻璃液在均化冷却阶段的横向温度差异减小,主线和支线冷却部玻璃液的液流稳定性提高。     

浮法玻璃熔窑内液流运动和传热三维数学模拟

本文从流动力学和传热学原理出发，结合浮法玻璃熔化作业特性，提出了浮法玻璃熔窑的三维液流运动及配合料熔化数学模型，建立了火焰与配合料和玻璃液之间的传热过程的半经验模型，通过计算，研究了浮法玻璃熔窑内液流运动特性，发现在投料池中存在一个独特的循环液流，并发现在配合料层覆盖下的上层玻璃液帻两侧池壁流向中心线，与热点处清情况刚好相反。     

超薄浮法玻璃熔窑中窑坎的设计

本文利用三维计算机模拟技术，研究了窑坎在超薄浮法玻璃生产中叶稳定熔窑内玻璃液流的作用；为了在大幅度升降拉引量的备件下提高玻璃熔制质量，确定了窑坎的位置和高度。     

乙苯,苯乙烯的生产及合成乙苯,苯乙烯催化剂的研究进展

苯乙烯是重要的石油化工原料。本文介绍了国内外苯乙烯生产的发展概况，合成乙苯，苯乙烯所用的催化剂种类，并就苯乙烯生产及催化剂的发展趋势提出了自己的观点。     

Synthesis and characterization of homopolymers and copolymers of various acrylates and acrylonitrile

Various homopolymers and copolymers of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and acrylonitrile in different feed ratios were synthesized. These were characterized by IR, ¹³C-NMR, DSC, DTA, and TGA. Spectroscopic characterization helped in differentiating copolymers of different mol ratios. Thermal analysis revealed different degradation patterns for homopolymers and copolymers. The temperature and energy changes associated with various phase transitions were dependent on the chemical composition of homo- and copolymers, as expected. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

生物质气化及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用

总结了生物质原料的特点及生物质单独气化的缺点;介绍了国内外生物质气化技术及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用现状;分析了在此领域国内外的发展趋势与前景;概括了开展生物质与煤共气化技术研发的意义。     

Electronic structures and reactivities of monometallic and bimetallic clusters of Au and Cu

The variation of the Au 4f binding energy of Au clusters with the cluster size has been established by measuring the binding energies of clusters whose size distributions were independently determined by HREM and STM. The binding energy increases significantly when the cluster size is less than 2 nm. Au-Cu bimetallic clusters of the composition Cu₃Au have been deposited for the first time on carbon substrates. The shifts in the core level binding energies of the bimetallic clusters show the effect of alloying in the case of large clusters, but show effects of both alloying and cluster size in the case of the small clusters. The interaction of CO with Cu₃Au clusters is stronger than with a bulk Cu metal. The interaction of CO with small Cu clusters also seems to be stronger than with bulk Cu or with large Cu clusters.     

钾盐资源及钾肥供需情况分析及预测

阐述了国内外钾盐资源及钾肥生产现状,对国内外钾盐的供需形势进行了分析及预测,从资源、原材料、国际市场三方面提出了解决我国钾盐短缺的措施。     

Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Mono- and Polyacetals

Abstract

Kinetics and mechanisms of oxidation of 6 acetals by molecular oxygen and ozone in liquid phase have been studied. Reaction with molecular oxygen (70°C, 15–16 hr) leads to the formation monoethers of the corresponding glycols with 68–90% selectivity. Salts of metals and complexes with crown-ethers have increased the reaction rate significally. Ozone have reacted with acetals with formation similar products. The mechanisms of intermediate stages have been proposed.     

Comparison of the Adhesion and Cohesion of Triblock and Random Copolymers of Styrene and Butadiene

A substantially greater detachment energy is required to strip a polyethylene tereph-thalate (Mylar) film from a styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) triblock copolymer compared to that for peeling from a random styrene-butadiene (SBR) copolymer. This is true even though the intrinsic interaction between the Mylar and each elastomer is expected to be similar because of their virtually identical chemical composition. It is proposed that this difference in peel strength (between the SBS and SBR) is a consequence of the much higher dissipative capacity of the former elastomer. Another manifestation of this is the higher cohesive tear strength of the SBS compared to the SBR. Extents of energy dissipation within each elastomer during detachment of the Mylar adherend are consistent with the hypothesis that the average maximum stress experience before detachment is some similar fraction of each elastomer's tensile strength.     

Wetting properties of homopolymers and copolymers of pentafluorostyrene and methylacrylate and homopolymer blends

Polypentafluorostyrene (PPFS), polymethylacrylate (PMA), and poly(pentafluorostyrene-co-methylacrylate), poly(PFS-co-MA) were prepared and the wetting characteristics of polymer blends of PPFS and PMA were compared with that of poly(PFS-co-MA) via contact angle measurements. The critical surface tension of polypentafluorostyrene was found to be 22.6 dyne/cm, which is comparable to the value reported for polytrifluoroethylene (22 dyne/cm). The critical surface tension of poly(PFS-co-MA) is not linearly related to its composition. The polymer blends of PPFS and PMA exhibit significant surface enrichment of the fluoropolymer. The harmonic-mean method¹ was employed to determine surface tensions of these polymers and many known polymers. It is found that the method produces useful surface tension data provided the contact angle values are derived from testing liquids of dissimilar polarity.     

责任和责任心的涵义与结构

责任是人应主动承担的角色义务和对其因过失所造成后果应承担的责罚.有两层涵义:一是义务;二是后果.责任心是个体自觉做好分内事务和履行道德义务的心理倾向,是个性心理品质成分中自我特征维度上的重要内容.责任心具有两个方面的涵义:一是角色分内职责;二是角色道德义务.责任心是一种通过责任认知、责任个性和责任适应的动态形式表现出来的静态品质,责任心是责任心过程结构与责任心关系结构相互制约、相互影响的统一体.     

二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵和丙烯酰胺的合成及应用

用复合引发体系(过硫酸盐-偶氮类引发剂)和脂肪胺类氧化还原体系引发,在实验室获得了单体转化率≥98%,特性粘数高于13.6 dL/g的阳离子共聚物PDA,探讨了控制聚合物分子量的影响因素.