一种改进的双馈感应发电机低电压穿越控制策略

为提高双馈感应发电机的低电压穿越能力,对转子侧换流器考虑了电网故障时定子磁链变化对有功、无功解耦的影响,并将反映电流耦合及定子磁链变化的附加量作为前馈分量加入电流指令值,对传统矢量控制策略进行了改进。对网侧换流器,提出一种考虑直流环节两侧功率不平衡及电网电压突变的改进控制策略。仿真验证了改进方案对转子过电压、过电流及直流母线电压波动均有很好的抑制作用,有效提高了双馈机的低电压穿越能力。     

一种新型的风电场低电压穿越时撬棒电路设计与阻值选定

针对传统撬棒电路（Crowbar）在风电场低电压穿越时给电网带来无功负担问题,提出了一种新型的Crowbar保护电路,介绍了新型Crowbar的设计与阻值选定,并在PSCAD环境下搭建双馈式感应发电机（DFIG）模型,分析比较了无Crowbar保护电路、带有传统Crowbar保护电路和新型Crowbar保护电路时DFIG在电网电压跌落情况下的动态特性。结果表明,新型的Crowbar在有效保护风电场的同时减少了电网的无功负担,有效地弥补了传统Crowbar带来的电网无功负担。     

双馈感应风力发电系统低电压穿越控制

传统的双馈感应发电机(DFIG)矢量控制方案忽略了定子暂态磁通,导致当电网出现故障时控制性能恶化.为了提高电网故障下DFIG的不间断运行能力,将矢量控制与自抗扰控制器结合起来,利用扩张状态观测器估计出定子暂态磁通和电机参数误差对系统的影响并加以补偿.仿真结果表明该文提出的控制方法削弱了电网故障时DFIG的转子暂态电流峰值和电磁转矩波动,有效地保护了转子变频器和风力机机械结构,而且对电机参数误差具有鲁棒性.     

基于Crowbar保护的双馈感应发电机组的低电压穿越研究

分析了双馈感应发电机组在电网电压跌落时Crowbar阻值变化对电网的影响。根据双馈感应发电机(Doubly-FedInduction Generator,DFIG)的数学模型,推导出在发电机机端发生对称故障时,定子、转子电流的表达式,通过故障期间的最大转子电流,给出Crowbar阻值估算值。在EPSCAD/EMTDC软件中仿真分析不同的Crowbar阻值对系统的影响,验证公式推导的正确性,并通过仿真试验确定合理的Crowbar切除出时间。     

应用撬棒电路的双馈型风力发电机低电压穿越分析

风电场规模已经变得越来越大,风电机组的解列会严重影响系统的稳定性,这就要求风电机组具有低电压穿越能力以应对电网电压跌落。由于DFIG的定子侧直接与电网相联,在电网电压突然跌落时,定转子中会出现很大的电压和电流,需采用Crowbar电路（撬棒电路）来旁路转子侧变流器。文中分析了Crowbar电路的控制原理,然后在理论分析的基础上进行了仿真,仿真结果验证了Crowbar电路能够帮助DFIG在故障期间实现低电压穿越,最后进一步分析了Crowbar电路投切时间的选取。     

改善基于双馈感应发电机并网风电场的低电压穿越能力研究

为保持系统稳定,必须要求大规模并网风电场具有低电压穿越能力。双馈感应发电机（DFIG）低电压穿越功能已成为研究热点。介绍了串联制动电阻装置对双馈感应发电机暂稳特性贡献的机理。详细分析了在电网故障情况下,制动电阻装置对双馈风电场低电压穿越能力的贡献,分别就制动电阻接在风电场升压变处与接在双馈感应发电机机端对低电压穿越的改善效果进行分析。试验结果表明：故障期间投入适当大小制动电阻,能较好地提高双馈风电场低电压穿越功能;将制动电阻放置在风电场升压变处贡献效果优于将制动电阻装置放置在双馈感应发电机机端处。     

双馈感应异步风力发电机组的低电压穿越要求及技术分析

随着风电机组装机容量的持续高速增加,大规模风电场的建设,各个国家(地区)的电网对风电场的要求日趋严格。本文依据国内外的风电场接入电网规则,对风电场接入电网的低电压穿越(Low Voltage Ride Though,LVRT)要求做了详细介绍,并对目前风机主流机型双馈感应异步风力发电机组(Doubly-Fed Induction Generator,DGIG)的LVRT主要技术进行了综合分析与对比,最后对各技术进行改进并对该问题提出今后的研究方向。     

5 MW双馈风电机组低电压穿越的仿真分析

针对海上风力发电机组安全可靠运行要求的发展趋势,本文在阐述双馈风电机组控制原理的基础上,建立了双馈发电机及其变流器的控制模型。其次,在分析电力系统对并网风电机组低电压穿越原理基础上,比较分析了双馈风电机组低电压穿越的各种控制技术方案。最后,结合海上用5.0 MW双馈风力发电机组电气参数,对2种典型低电压穿越的转子电路保护措施进行了仿真比较。分析结果表明,采用二极管整流桥加IGBT和保护电阻构成斩波器的措施具有较好的暂态控制效果。     

基于深度神经网络的DFIG低电压穿越技术研究

[目的]双馈风机(DFIG)的低电压穿越(LVRT)性能在一定程度上依赖于控制参数的优化,而目前对控制参数的优化基本都是离线模式,原因在于优化算法难以满足实时控制对计算速度的要求.[方法]基于深度神经网络(DNN)原理,提出基于"离线训练、在线计算"思路的低电压穿越实时优化控制方法.首先针对含DFIG电网在不同运行方式...     

基于转子串联动态电阻的自适应双馈风电机组低电压穿越方案

针对基于转子串联电阻实现双馈风电机组低电压穿越的保护方式,在阻值选择时转子电流的限制效果与故障期间功率可控性之间存在矛盾的问题,通过对转子串电阻保护的理论分析,提出一种结合故障期间自适应选择转子串联电阻阻值和切换转子变换器控制模式的低电压穿越方案,能够实现根据电压跌落深度选择串联阻值且于不同故障区间内自适应切换阻值的串联动态电阻,使整个故障过程中风机处于受控状态,故障穿越更平稳,具有更好的暂态特性。PSCAD仿真结果表明,该方案具有较好的性能。     

适合于变速恒频双馈感应发电机的Crowbar对比分析

电网运行新规则要求变速恒频双馈感应发电机在电网电压跌落的情况下仍与电网相连接，为做到这一点需要安装低压旁路系统。综合分析了低压带来的负面影响以及低压旁路的具体实现方法；对比了多种Crowbar电路各自的优缺点；最后介绍了变速恒频双馈发电机相关保护控制策略和新型旁路系统。     

A control scheme to enhance low voltage ride‐through of brushless doubly‐fed induction generators

The use of brushless doubly‐fed induction generator has been recently proposed for wind turbines because of its variable speed operation with fractional size converter without the need to brush and slip ring. This paper introduces a control scheme to improve low voltage ride‐through capability of doubly‐fed induction generator considering grid code requirements. The proposed control strategy is based on analysis of flux linkages and back electromotive forces and intends to retain the control‐winding current below the safety limit (typically 2 pu) during severe voltage dips. The time‐domain simulations validate effectiveness of the proposed scheme to protect the converter against failure as well as support reactive power required by German grid code. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A novel line drop secondary voltage control algorithm for variable speed wind turbines

This paper addresses the design and implementation of the line drop secondary voltage control (LDSVC) for the doubly fed induction generator‐wind turbine (DFIG‐WT) complemented with reactive power allocation algorithm to achieve more efficient voltage regulation, reactive power compensation and to enhance the transient stability margin of the electric power system. The LDSVC is used to generate the local voltage reference, providing an improvement for overall voltage profile. The paper presents the influence of the integration of variable speed wind turbines‐based doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) while employing LDSVC for increasing the transient stability margin. This paper proposes an improved voltage control scheme, based on a secondary voltage controller complemented with an automatic gain controller (AGC). The scheme is applied to a wind energy system incorporating DFIG‐based wind turbines. The controller structure is developed and the performance of the self‐tuning AGC scheme is developed and analysed. The proposed controller is tested in response to system contingencies for different short circuit ratios. The performance of the secondary voltage control without and with AGC is verified. The influence of the AGC in improving the transient response and damping of voltage oscillations is verified. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

通过SVC和TCSC联合改善异步机风电场暂态电压稳定性研究

用静止无功补偿器(SVC)和可控硅控制串联补偿器(TCSC)进行联合补偿,以提高异步风机风电场的暂态电压稳定性。在Matlab/Simulink中搭建了风电场及相关电网模型,通过仿真计算验证了SVC和TCSC对异步机风电场与电网暂态电压稳定性的作用。研究结果表明:在风速随机波动的情况下,SVC能动态地补偿无功功率,保持系统的暂态稳定性;当接入电网发生三相短路的大扰动故障时,TCSC能够有效地恢复机端电压,提高了风电场的低电压穿越能力。     

工厂低压无功补偿方式优化的思考

对当前大多工厂的单一低压无功补偿方式利弊关系进行了分析,提出改革优化设想,采用无功就地补偿为主,车间补偿为辅,配电房集中弥补平衡全厂无功分级相结合的补偿方式。     

Buffer scheme with battery energy storage capability for enhancement of network transient stability and load ride-through

This paper examines a buffer scheme to mitigate the negative impacts of power-conditioned loads on network voltage and transient stabilities. The scheme is based on the use of battery energy-storage systems in the buffers. The storage systems ensure that protected loads downstream of the buffers can ride through upstream voltage sags and swells. Also, by controlling the buffers to operate in either constant impedance or constant power modes, power is absorbed or injected by the storage systems. The scheme thereby regulates the rotor-angle deviations of generators and enhances network transient stability. A computational method is described in which the capacity of the storage systems is determined to achieve simultaneously the above dual objectives of load ride-through and stability enhancement. The efficacy of the resulting scheme is demonstrated through numerical examples.     

DFIG sliding mode control fed by back-to-back PWM converter with DC-link voltage control for variable speed wind turbine

This paper proposes an indirect power control of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) with the rotor connected to the electric grid through a back-to-back pulse width modulation (PWM) converter for variable speed wind power generation. Appropriate state space model of the DFIG is deduced. An original control strategy based on a variable structure control theory, also called sliding mode control, is applied to achieve the control of the active and reactive power exchanged between the stator of the DFIG and the grid. A proportional-integral-(PI) controller is used to keep the DC-link voltage constant for a back-to-back PWM converter. Simulations are conducted for validation of the digital controller operation using Matlab/Simulink software.     

并网双馈风电机组低电压穿越能力研究

详细分析了双馈风电机组LVRT功能的实现原理,并在电力系统仿真分析软件PSASP中建立双馈风电机组的LVRT功能模型,采用地理接线图直观地表示风电场外部系统发生短路故障瞬间对风电机组端电压的影响．并以我国某地区电网为例来分析在风电场接入方式不同的情况下系统短路故障对风电机组的影响。根据仿真结果给出风电机组LVRT能力的最低电压限值要求。最后提出了利用串联制动电阻来提高风电机组的LVRT能力的新方法。分析结果表明,串联制动电阻能够可观地提高风电机组的低电压穿越能力。具有较高LVRT能力的风电机组。可以节省一定的投资费用,在一定程度上降低了风电的上网电价。     

Modelling and control of variable speed wind turbines for power system studies

Modern wind turbines are predominantly variable speed wind turbines with power electronic interface. Emphasis in this paper is therefore on the modelling and control issues of these wind turbine concepts and especially on their impact on the power system. The models and control are developed and implemented in the power system simulation tool DIgSILENT. Important issues like the fault ride‐through and grid support capabilities of these wind turbine concepts are addressed. The paper reveals that advanced control of variable speed wind turbines can improve power system stability. Finally, it will be shown in the paper that wind parks consisting of variable speed wind turbines can help nearby connected fixed speed wind turbines to ride‐through grid faults. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.