储热式真空管太阳热水器

太阳热水器通常由太阳集热器和贮水箱两部分组成,而闷晒式热水器则将集热器与贮水箱合二为一,构成一种结构比较简单的热水器.若将真空管集热器与贮水箱合为一体,组成的太阳热水器称之为储热式真空管热水器,俗称真空闷晒式热水器.储热式真空管热水器既保留了真空管集热器固有的优良热性能,又可省去附加的贮水箱,其结构紧凑,安装使用方便,外形也比较美观.     

新型贮热水箱的热性能研究

对太阳热水器贮热水箱的结构进行改进,并从平均日效率和平均热损系数两个方面对太阳热水器进行实验研究。结果表明:与常规系统相比,采用新型贮热水箱的太阳热水系统平均热损系数下降1.35~3.42 W/(m2·K),平均日效率提高2.37%~4.02%。     

振荡流热管在太阳热水器上的应用

通过室内实验,研究柱型振荡流热管的传热特性。实验结果表明:加热功率越大,热管的传热性能越好。在相同加热功率下,热管的当量导热系数随倾角的增大先增大后减小,热阻随倾角的增大先减小后增大,在倾角为60°时传热性能最好。倾角为60°加热功率为65 W时,当量导热系数为23406.67 W/(m·K),热阻为0.61 K/W。对玻璃真空管振荡流热管太阳热水器进行室外热性能实验,实验结果表明,太阳热水器平均日效率为56.9%,平均热损系数为3.08 W/K。     

聚氨酯预制直埋保温管道散热损失研究

针对聚氨酯预制直埋保温管道散热损失开展实验与数值模拟研究。通过实验测试了聚氨酯预制直埋保温管道的散热损失,同时对输送介质温度、聚氨酯导热系数、土壤温度及其导热系数进行了测试,对影响聚氨酯预制直埋保温管散热损失的相关因素进行分析。并根据实验数据开展数值模拟研究,分析了不同条件对聚氨酯预制直埋保温管道散热损失的影响。研究结果表明:聚氨酯预制直埋保温管道散热损失随输送介质温度的升高而增加,保温管道周围土壤温度与保温管道径向距离成反比,聚氨酯保温材料导热系数对保温管道的散热损失影响较大,土壤导热系数在1.082-1.561 W/m·K时,土壤导热系数与保温管道散热损失成正比,但对保温管道散热损失产生影响较小。     

一种新型全玻璃真空管太阳热水器

一种新型全玻璃真空管太阳热水器雅安全玻璃真空太阳集热管具有透过率和吸收率高，热发射率低，对流热损小，全年使用时间长等优良特性，同时制造工艺简便，技术成熟可靠，成本较低，全玻璃真空管太阳热水器的使用日益广泛。但是，目前这种热水器存在管内存水过多，管内水...     

真空管型太阳热水器传热特性的数值分析

建立模拟真空管太阳热水器内流动与换热的数值模型来研究气候参数和技术参数对真空管型太阳热水器性能的影响,数值模型与实验结果吻合较好。研究结果表明,集热管越长,水箱内平均水温越高,但同时从集热管损失的热量越多,这反而会导致热水器效率下降。在该文的研究范围内,当管长由1.5 m增至2.1 m时,水箱内平均水温升高10.5%~31.9%,同时效率降低了3.1%~11.0%。此外研究结果还表明,从集热管散失的热量占真空管型热水器总热损的80%。     

专利信息

光热利用集热真空管带有聚光反射层的太阳能热水器申请号:200420107759.1公开号:CN2769777申请人:海宁市爱家伟业电器有限公司本实用新型为一种集热真空管带有聚光反射层的太阳能热水器。它包括保温水箱、集热真空管和支架。集热真空管由外玻璃管、真空层、内玻璃管组成,集热真空管的内玻璃管外表面附有吸收涂层,其特征为:集热真空管的外玻璃管下部的内表面镀有金属镀层。金属镀层为真空镀铝或镀银。本专利     

闷晒式全玻璃真空管太阳能热水器

太阳能热水器主要由集热器与水箱两部分组成。集热器把太阳能转变为热能,靠自然对流或强迫对流把热能储存在水箱中,并有效地防止热损失。评价太阳能热水器性能的好坏,主要看集热器吸热量的多少和水箱散热损失的多少。集热器的吸热量越多,水箱的散热损失越少,其性能越好。不管是平板型的太阳能热水器,还是真空管     

气凝胶绝热毡用于火电厂高温管道保温的设计研究

提出了气凝胶绝热毡新型保温材料的两种保温方案,并将其与常规保温方案对比,研究了不同方案的保温厚度、散热损失和经济性.结果表明,气凝胶绝热毡新型保温材料用于电厂高温管道保温时,可显著减小保温厚度和散热损失.对于鄂州电厂2×1000 MW主蒸汽管道而言,保温厚度由300 mm降低到200 mm,散热损失发电功率减少约15 ...     

真空管热水器倾角的数值模拟分析

利用fluent软件中的太阳载荷模型对真空管家用太阳热水器进行了三维数值模拟计算,分析了30°、45°、60°倾角下真空管热水器内的流场和温度场随加热时间的变化及传热和流动过程。结果表明,真空管热水器在加热期间,在真空管管口的上壁面出现温度最大值,水箱内真空管管口以下水的温度相对于管口以上的温度分层很明显,水箱内真空管管口以上的热水温度几乎相同,说明水箱内管口以上的水进行了充分混合;对于30°和45°倾角的系统,随着加热时间的增加,水箱内管口以下的水温与管口以上的水温从10 K增加到30 K,以45°倾角为例,当考虑了水箱内管口以下的冷水区时,随着加热时间的增加,真空管与水箱内的温差从0.73 K增大到1.13 K,仅考虑水箱内均匀分布的三点时,随着加热时间的增加,真空管与水箱内的温差从0.15 K减小到了0.03 K;随着系统倾角从30°增加到60°,水箱内管口以下的冷水区域在逐渐减小。因此,为了减小水箱底部的冷水区,插入水箱内的真空管应尽可能短。     

Physics of shallow solar pond water heater

This communication presents a theoretical analysis of a shallow solar pond water heater, which is in good agreement with the experiments of Kudish and Wolf (1979) and the authors. the heater consists of an insulated metallic rectangular tank with black bottom and sides and a transparent cover at the top. After the collection of solar energy during sunshine hours the heater stores a substantial amount of heat because the top glass cover is covered by an adequate insulation in the night. Analytical expressions for the transient rise of temperature of water in the tank have been derived taking into account the appropriate heat transfer processes during day and night. These experimental results as well as those of Kudish and Wolf (1979) have been found to be in good agreement with the theory presented in this paper. the effects of one more glass cover on the top, and of the thickness of the bottom and side insulation and tank depth on the water temperature have also been studied.     

建筑节能材料漂珠的性能研究

对漂珠、闭孔珍珠岩、聚苯乙烯颗粒及酚醛树脂板等6种不同建筑保温材料进行性能测试,结果表明:漂珠的导热系数为0.035W/(m.K),抗压强度为350.0MPa,耐火度为1690℃,吸水率为5%,是集多功能于一体的新型无机保温材料,在建筑节能中起重要作用。     

Comparative performance investigation of integrated collector‐storage solar water heaters with various heat loss reduction strategies

A detailed comparative assessment is reported on the thermal performance of integrated collector‐storage (ICS) solar water heaters with various strategies for reducing top heat losses. The objective of this investigation is to assess and compare heat loss reduction strategies. The shape of ICS solar water heater considered in present investigation is rectangular. The thermal performance of the solar water heater is evaluated and analyzed for the following cases: (1) single glass cover without night insulation; (2) single glass cover with night insulation; (3) double glass cover without night insulation; (4) transparent insulation with single glass cover; and (5) insulating baffle plate with single glass cover. Energy balances are developed for each case and solved using a finite difference technique. The numerical assessment of the system performance is performed for a typical July day in Toronto. Each strategy is observed to be beneficial, reducing top heat losses, and improving system performance. The greatest performance enhancements are observed for the water heater with a single glass cover and night insulation and for the system with a double glass cover and without night insulation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

带排挤管的真空管太阳能热水器实验研究

用排挤管装入真空管的内管内 ,使真空管内的储水大大地减少 ,减少了能量损失 (实际是提高了水箱内的水温 ) ,经多次实验和计算证明 ,改装后的真空管太阳能热水器的热效率有较大提高 ,经济效益明显     

Thermal optimisation of a built-in storage solar water heater

A simple transient analysis of a built-in storage solar water heater is presented; the results obtained by the present theory are in close agreement with experimental observations as well as with predictions obtained by a more rigorous theory. The water heater consits of an insulated rectangular tank whose top surface is suitably blackened by blackboard paint and then glazed. The unit is exposed to solar radiation during sunshine hours and is covered by adequate insulation at night. The effect of insulation thicknesses (top and bottom insulation) and water mass in the tank is discussed. The importance of using a reflecting sheet instead of insulation is emphasised.     

Performance of a non-metallic unglazed solar water heater with integrated storage system

The performance of a new design of non-metallic unglazed solar water heater integrated with a storage system has been studied. In this system, the collector and storage were installed in one unit. All parts of the system have been fabricated from fiberglass reinforced polyester (GFRP) using a special resin composition that provides good thermal conductivity and absorptivity. The storage tank has a capacity of 329 l. The design of the storage system was sandwich construction, with the core material made out of polyurethane foam, which combines stiffness and lightness of structure with very good thermal insulation. The width and length of the absorber plat were 1.4 and 1.8 m, respectively. The performance of the system has been investigated by two methods. In the first method, the storage tank was filled up with water the night before the test. The tank was then drained during the night, refilled and made ready for the next day’s test. The tests were repeated under varied environmental conditions for several days. The maximum water temperature in the storage tank of 63 °C has been achieved for a clear day operation at an average solar radiation level of 700 W m⁻² and ambient temperature of 30 °C. The decrease of water temperature with and without the thermal diode is 10 and 20 °C, respectively. In the second method, the testing was of the same way, but in this case without draw-off or draining of the hot water from the storage tank. All data readings were recorded from sunrise to sunset over the same period. The temperature was recorded for several days and ranges of 60–63 °C were obtained in the storage tank. A system efficiency of 45% was achieved at an average solar radiation level of 635 W m⁻² and ambient temperature of 31 °C.     

Collector cum storage solar water heaters with and without transparent insulation material

The integrated collector–storage solar water heaters are less expensive and can offer the best alternative for domestic applications particularly to small families to meet hot water requirements. The top heat losses of such solar water heaters are quite high during the night and the temperature of stored hot water is considerably reduced unless covered with extra insulating cover in the evening which is a cumbersome job. The transparent insulation material widely used in Europe for space heating can also minimize top heat losses, if used in such solar water heaters. For this purpose, two units of solar collector cum storage water heaters have been designed to study the relative effect of TI for retaining solar heated hot water for a night duration. Both units were identical in all respects except one of them was covered with TIM. The theoretical exercise was carried out to evaluate design parameters of ISC which revealed total heat loss factor (U_L) 1.03 W/m² K with TIM glazed against 7.06 W/m² K with glass glazed. The TIM glazed has been found to be quite effective as compared to glass glazed SWH and yielded hot water at higher temperature by 8.5 to 9.5°C the next morning. The storage efficiency of such solar water heaters has been found to be 39.8% with TIM glazed as compared to 15.1% without TIM. The TIM glazing means not having to cover the ISC solar water heater with a separate insulator cover in the evening and thus makes its operation much simpler.     

Modeling and optimization of composite thermal insulation system with HGMs and VDMLI for liquid hydrogen on orbit storage

The passive thermal insulation system for liquid hydrogen (LH₂) on orbit storage mainly consists of foam and variable density multilayer insulation (VDMLI) which have been considered as the most efficient and reliable thermal insulation system. The foam provides main heat leak protection on launch stage and the VDMLI plays a major role on orbit stage. However, compared with the extremely low thermal conductivity of VDMLI (1 × 10⁻⁵ W/(m·K)) at high vacuum, the foam was almost useless. Recently, based on hollow glass microspheres (HGMs) we have proposed the HGMs-VDMLI system which performs better than foam-VDMLI system. In order to improve insulation performance and balance weigh and environmental adaptability of passive insulation system, the HGMs-VDMLI insulation system should be configured optimally. In this paper, the thickness of HGMs and the number and arrangement of spacers of VDMLI were configured optimally by the “layer by layer” model. The effective thicknesses of HGMs were 25 mm for 60 layers MLI and 20 mm for 45 layers VDMLI. Compared with 35 mm foam and 45 layers VDMLI system, the heat flux of 20 mm HGMs and 45 layers VDMLI system was reduced by 11.97% with the same weight, or the weight of which was reduced by 9.91% with the same heat flux. Moreover, the effects of warm boundary temperature (WBT) and vacuum pressure on thermal insulation performance of the system were also discussed.     

Analysis of outdoor solar storage tanks having translucent insulation

A heat transfer model of a parallelepiped tank, full of water and covered with translucent insulation of diffuse material to solar energy, is developed considering the multiple absorptions and reflections to evaluate the heat gain or loss by water. The effect of the optical properties and thickness of insulation on that heat gained or lost by water is investigated. The results of a comparative study show that translucent insulation is more effective than opaque insulation and no insulation as far as the energy gained by water is concerned for outdoor solar storage tanks.     

Thermal performance study of a vacuum integrated solar storage collector (ISSC) with compound parabolic concentrator (CPC)

This paper deals with the energy performance of a new integrated solar storage collector (ISSC) with compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) conceived in the Thermal Process Laboratory in CRTEn Borj Cedria (North of Tunisia). The novelty in this system is the use of transparent vacuum insulation in the annulus between double half-Cylindrical Plexiglass, and the use of automated nocturnal insulation system, which suppresses heat loss during night. Also, the system is equipped with a mobile support permitting to have many collector orientations toward south, east-south, and west-south in order to maximize the incident solar flux. The experimental study of the ISSC system showed that the thermal loss coefficient of ISSC system is equal to 6.16 W/K for ISSC without nocturnal insulation and without vacuum, 4.69W/K for ISSC without nocturnal insulation and with vacuum, and 4.00 W/K for ISSC with nocturnal insulation and with vacuum. The thermal efficiency of the solar collector is equal to 42.92% for ISSC system fixed without vacuum, 45.95% for ISSC system fixed with vacuum, and 50.56% for ISSC system mobile with vacuum. In order to determine the long-term performance of the vacuum ISSC with CPC, the TRNSYS simulations were carried out by using the component modules modeling the ISSC with CPC concentrator (type 74 and type 60f). Comparison between experimental and predicted results for the temperature difference inside the storage tank during 3 days of January showed reasonable agreement. The numerical results for the ISSC system showed that the annual total energy collected (solar) and auxiliary energy were about 4670 and 1561 MJ, respectively. The annual total auxiliary energy represents about 33.4% of the annual total energy collected (solar). During the summer months (June, July, and August), no auxiliary is needed and the solar fraction (SF) is equal to 100%, where as the annual average SF is about 75%.