改进灰狼优化算法在变桨距自抗扰控制中的应用

风电机组模型的不确定性以及风等外部干扰严重影响风电机组输出功率的稳定性,因此,将自抗扰控制器(ADRC)引入到风电机组变桨距控制中。当风速高于额定风速时,通过自抗扰变桨距控制策略有效调节桨距角,保证风电机组输出功率的稳定性。但ADRC参数繁多,仅靠专家经验进行整定比较困难。因此,文章提出将改进灰狼优化算法应用到ADRC中,完成参数的自寻优整定过程。仿真结果证明,经改进灰狼优化算法进行参数整定后的变桨距自抗扰控制系统能够对桨距角进行精确调整,并将输出功率快速稳定到额定值附近,具有较快的响应速度以及较好的抗扰动能力。     

多输入、输出耦合系统的改进线性自抗扰控制及参数整定方法

针对火电机组燃烧系统耦合性强、工况复杂、强扰动和参数调节困难的问题,在现有线性自抗扰控制(LADRC)基础上,提出一种改进线性自抗扰控制(ILADRC)。首先,根据热工系统大时滞、大惯性的特点,在LADRC线性扩张状态观测器(LESO)控制输入端串联惯性时滞前馈补偿器,实现LESO前馈和反馈信号同步,提升信号跟随和扰动抑制性能;然后,通过开环频域稳定性分析得出系统稳定性指标和控制器参数关系,进而推导出基于系统稳定性指标的定量化参数整定规则,简化参数调节过程。将所设计的ILADRC应用于火电机组床温和主蒸汽压力耦合控制仿真系统,并与比例积分微分(PID)控制、LADRC、模型辅助线性自抗扰控制(MLADRC)进行对比。结果表明：提出的ILADRC在定值跟随、扰动抑制方面具有明显优势,蒙特卡洛试验进一步证明了所提出ILADRC的鲁棒性优势。     

抑制大型汽轮发电机组轴系扭振的控制技术综述

总结了近年来国内外抑制大型汽轮发电机组轴系扭振的控制技术的研究成果,主要介绍了引起轴系扭振的串联电容补偿、直流输电系统及控制系统等因素,以及采用的附加励磁控制等相关控制技术。提出了用耗散结构论、混沌学及突变论等非线性理论分析轴系扭振的机理和规律的新方法,以及对轴系扭振进行智能控制的新思想,并展望了这一研究领域的发展方向。     

孤岛模式单相光伏并网逆变器自抗扰控制策略

为抑制光伏并网逆变器在孤岛模式下的扰动,提高系统的抗扰动态性能,文章设计了一种改进的单相微网逆变器自抗扰控制器。该控制器基于系统扰动模型,设计同步旋转坐标系下逆变器的自抗扰控制参数,并分析逆变器对负载扰动的动态抑制性能。最后利用dSPACE搭建相应的仿真试验系统,仿真和试验结果表明,所提控制策略能有效抑制扰动,提高了系统的抗扰动态性能。     

汽轮机调速系统非线性特性对扭振稳定性的影响

调节系统中存在多种非线性特性，调节系统不灵敏，滑阀油动机的限幅特性以及调频死区能减小调节系统与扭振的相互作用从而提高轴系扭振稳定性，提出了调节系统中人为添加适当的非线性特性可以提高轴系扭振稳定性。     

电力系统大扰动对百万千瓦级半速核电机组轴系扭振的影响评估

大容量核电机组对设备安全性有更高的要求,进行轴系扭振考核计算时有必要考虑更全面、更复杂的因素。为克服采用短路力矩方程的局限性,提出一个单机无穷大母线系统,作为轴系扭振考核计算的研究系统。经过推导分析,指出在标幺值形式下,核电半速机组轴系扭振模型与全速机组轴系扭振模型是一致的。对一台1 100MW核电半速机组在几种典型扰动下的最大扭应力进行计算和比较,发现120°误同期合闸激发的扭振情况最严重。因此,建议把误同期合闸和机端短路一起作为核电半速机组轴系扭振考核计算的工况。     

风电机组的功率模糊控制系统研究

变桨距风电机组是一个高阶、非线性、强耦合、多变量时变的系统,其控制系统是综合性控制系统。在额定风速以上采用功率反馈的模糊控制策略,通过对桨距角的控制,改变气流对叶片的攻角,使风力机吸收的风能在一个相对的稳定值,从而实现发电机恒功率输出。仿真结果表明,模糊控制方法更具优越性,在风力发电系统中能取得较好的控制效果,系统具有较强的抗扰性和快速性。     

电网短路故障下双馈风电机组传动链扭振疲劳可靠性分析

双馈风电机组电气故障扰动引起的电磁转矩波动易造成轴系传动链扭振疲劳,有必要研究电网短路故障对机组传动链扭振疲劳可靠性的影响.首先建立考虑关键部件柔性的传动链有限元模型,通过模态分析获取传动扭振模态.其次基于集中质量法,建立机电耦合模型,以电网短路故障为扰动因素,仿真分析电网短路故障下电磁转矩动态响应.最后将电网短路故障...     

不同惯量飞轮对脉冲机组轴系扭振性能影响研究

建立了三组不同惯量飞轮下脉冲机组轴系的当量系统模型,应用轴系扭转振动计算软件,分别对该三种方案下脉冲机组轴系自由振动和强迫振动进行了计算研究.分析了不同惯量飞轮对轴系固有频率、柴油机曲轴扭振应力、发电机转子电角、发电机转子扭矩、弹性联轴器扭矩的影响,根据分析结果,提出了合理的机组运行方案.并利用扭振测试分析系统,校核了其中一组惯量飞轮下脉冲机组的扭振计算结果,证明了理论计算结果的正确性.     

大型汽轮发电机组轴系扭振响应在线监测仿真计算的研究

大型汽轮发电机组扭转振动的在线监测系统可以连续监测机组的部分电气和蒸汽参数，机端测点的扭角等，并在某些参数的变化超标时采集数据和报警同时启动上位计算机，实时分析该时刻机组的扭振情况及其引起扔疲劳寿命损耗。着重讨论了利用实测数据和轴系结构模型，快速计算轴系各危险截面扭振响应的方法，并给出了利用该方法计算的部分实测扭振响应的曲线。     

Modelling and control of variable‐speed multi‐pole permanent magnet synchronous generator wind turbine

Emphasis of this article is on variable‐speed pitch‐controlled wind turbines with multi‐pole permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) and on their extremely soft drive‐train shafts. A model and a control strategy for a full back‐to‐back converter wind turbine with multi‐pole PMSG are described. The model comprises submodels of the aerodynamic rotor, the drive‐train by a two‐mass model, the permanent magnet generator and the full‐scale converter system. The control strategy, which embraces both the wind turbine control itself and the control of the full‐scale converter, has tasks to control independently the active and reactive powers, to assist the power system and to ensure a stable normal operation of the wind turbine itself. A multi‐pole PMSG connected to the grid through a full‐scale converter has no inherent damping, and therefore, such configuration can become practically unstable, if no damping by means of external measures is applied. In this work, the frequency converter is designed to damp actively the drive‐train oscillations, thus ensuring stable operation. The dynamic performance of the presented model and control strategy is assessed and emphasized in normal operation conditions by means of simulations in the power system simulation tool DIgSILENT. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

计及齿轮全柔性的风电机组传动链有限元建模及扭振特性分析

大功率风电机组传动链关键部件柔性直接影响机组扭振特性及疲劳寿命,提出考虑齿轮柔性与啮合柔性的传动链有限元建模及扭振特性分析。首先,基于实际双馈风电机组传动链结构、材料属性与几何参数,考虑齿轮箱内齿轮柔性与齿轮啮合柔性,结合叶片、轮毂、主轴和发电机转子,建立风电机组传动链多柔体有限元模型。其次,基于有限元模态分析理论,提出一种基于矢量位移云图筛选扭振频率的分析方法,获取计及齿轮全柔性影响的风电机组中、低频范围的扭振模态,并与不同传动链模型结果进行比较,验证该文所建模型的有效性。最后,分别分析不同齿轮柔性和齿轮啮合柔性对传动链扭振频率和模态的影响。结果表明,该文所建模型不仅能反映传动链扭振固有的低频频率,而且能反映弯扭耦合产生的中频扭振频率,且相比齿轮啮合柔性,齿轮柔性系数影响传动链高频扭振特性明显。     

Comparison of the performance and stability of two torsional vibration dampers for variable‐speed wind turbines

Alleviation of excess fatigue loads due to vibrations in the drive‐train of wind turbines can be achieved through the use of torsional vibration dampers. Two torsional dampers based on different design approaches were designed and assessed: the first employs a conventional band‐pass filter technique, whereas the second involves an alternative model‐based approach. Frequency domain analyses were carried out on the system with the two dampers for the cases with and without model uncertainty. The system using the band‐pass filter‐based damper showed deterioration in stability and performance when subjected to uncertainty in the model and had to be re‐tuned to recover a good damping performance. Conversely, the system employing the model‐based damper maintained good stability and superior damping performance in the presence of model uncertainties. These attributes can ensure that the damper exhibits a good performance even if the wind turbine parameters vary during operation, such as when ice forms on the blades. Time domain simulations were carried out to verify the frequency domain analyses. © 2014 The Authors. Wind Energy published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于改进网侧控制策略的半直驱风电系统FFRT研究

[目的]为改进半直驱风电系统的故障电压穿越（Flexible Fault Ride Through, FFRT）能力,提出采用电网故障时无功优先的改进网侧控制策略。[方法]在分析传统网侧控制策略的基础上,根据最新的故障电压穿越能力测试规程在传统网侧控制加入无功优先控制,在电网暂态故障期间优先向电网注入无功电流支撑电网电压恢复。根据改进网侧控制策略,对电网深度跌落和升高时采用卸荷电路结合改进网侧控制策略实现了风电机组的FFRT仿真运行,结合某项目6 MW半直驱风电机组,采用移动故障电压穿越测试设备进行故障电压现场测试。[结果]测试和仿真结果表明,改进网侧控制策略可提升半直驱风电系统的FFRT运行,无功电流稳定控制。[结论]改进网侧控制策略可在多种对称低电压/高电压故障工况和不对称高电压故障工况下优先向电网注入对应的稳定无功电流,有利于辅助电网电压恢复和提升半直驱风电系统的FFRT能力。     

Drive train dynamics assessment and speed controller design in variable speed wind turbines

This paper deals with the speed controller design in DFIG based wind turbines, and investigates stability and performance of the drive train dynamics against different control strategies. It is shown that speed controller design based on the single mass drive train model may result in unstable mechanical modes, because it ignores the dynamics of the flexible shaft. Then, another control approach, known as feedforward compensation of the shaft torsional torque, is examined. It is shown that this control method results in poorly damped oscillations of torsional torque and turbine speed during the transient conditions. The open loop transfer function from the electromagnetic torque to the generator speed contains a dual quadratic function representing the dynamics of flexible shaft. The dual quadratic function comprises resonant and anti-resonant frequencies that greatly affect the stability of the drive train dynamics. Next, a step-by-step procedure for designing the speed controller based on the two-mass drive train model is proposed. The proposed speed controller provides stable closed loop system, zero tracking error, low-frequency disturbance rejection, and open-loop gain attenuation at the resonant frequency. At the end, performance of the proposed controller is investigated by the time domain simulations.     

顶置式配气机构凸轮轴扭振试验

为分析凸轮轴扭振对配气机构影响,通过配气机构扭振实验,研究利用PCI高速A/D数据采集卡对轴系扭振的测量方法,介绍了扭转角信号的提取过程,测量了凸轮轴动态扭矩,分析扭振随工况变化的关系,随后讨论扭振对配气机构影响。结果表明:凸轮轴在整个转速范围内其最大扭振角基本稳定在0.31°左右(小于0.5°视为安全);扭振随转速升高,影响变大,并影响配气正时。     

风力机叶片覆冰状态监测基准值与分级诊断标准研究

以2 MW风力机为研究对象,基于实际风力机状态(SCADA)系统大数据,选取叶片正常状态和覆冰状态下的风速、功率、桨距角和偏航角数据,采用核密度-均值数据处理方法,得到叶片覆冰状态监测基准值及其定量表达式。同时,根据叶片不同覆冰时期桨距角和功率值随风速的变化情况,提出叶片覆冰状态分级诊断标准。应用结果表明,根据桨距角随风速的变化情况可判断在叶片覆冰过程中机组最大功率追踪情况以及气动性能损失情况,根据风速-功率值分布情况可较准确地判别叶片的覆冰状态。     

Power decoupling control of DFIG rotor-side PWM converter based on auto-disturbance rejection control

In this paper, double PWM converter AC excitation system of the variable speed constant frequency doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) for wind power generation is taken as the research object. At present, most vector control systems of rotor-side PWM converter adopt feedforward compensation to realize the purpose of power decoupling control. The decoupling effect is greatly affected by the power changes. A power decoupling control strategy based on auto-disturbance rejection control (ADRC) is proposed. The decoupling control between active power and reactive power is realized by observing the coupling term and the total disturbance of the d-axis and q-axis components of the stator current and the stator voltage with the extended state observer and compensating. Simulation analysis and experimental test show that, on the basis of vector transformation, the rotor-side PWM converter power decoupling control based on ADRC has a small overshoot and fast dynamic response when tracking the change of wind turbine input power, which can achieve the decoupling control between active power and reactive power well. The system has strong robustness and adaptability.