电站给水加热器传热的强化

对螺旋槽管凝结加热器进行了实验室试验，得到凝结条件下螺旋槽管管程对流换热、壳程凝结换热准则方程及管程流动阻力数学式，并介绍了这些实验室试验成果应用到电站低压凝结加热器上取得的满意效果。     

凝结换热下螺旋槽管特性及其节能

本文介绍了凝结换热条件下螺旋槽管特性及试验研究结果，列举了螺旋槽管凝结加热器的应用及其节能效果。     

螺旋槽管传热与污垢性能的实验研究

进行了螺旋槽管的传热性能实验，得出了螺旋槽管管内强制对流换热关联式。以硬度800mg／L的人工硬水作为工质，在0．24m／s，管外水浴60℃和相同管内工质入口温度的条件下，进行了螺旋槽管及其对应光管管内污垢的对比实验。结果表明，螺旋槽管有较好的传热性能，但阻垢性能却弱于光管。     

内螺纹管在低温烟气中的传热特性研究

为了研究内螺纹管对低温烟气传热强化的效果,通过对内螺纹管换热器和光管换热器在低温烟气中的传热试验,比较分析内螺纹管和光管两种换热器在不同工况下的传热系数,根据试验数据计算拟合出试验传热关联式。结果表明:烟气流速对总的换热系数有较大的影响,工质水流速不变,烟气流速从2.0 m/s增加到3.0 m/s时,内螺纹管换热器的换热系数增长率为17.1%;管内工质水无相变时,工质水流速对总的换热系数影响不大;低温换热的热阻主要集中在烟气侧;内螺纹管可以强化低温烟气的换热,但强化效果不明显;内螺纹管工质水侧的传热关联式Nu=0.009Re~(0.985)Pr~(0.4)(1.1×10~4Re2.3×10~4)。     

螺旋槽管换热过程的三维速度场与温度场耦合数值模拟

根据螺旋槽管换热器结构特点及传热特性,建立了以水为工质的换热器流动与传热的三维几何模型。运用有限元分析软件ANSYS模拟出换热器在换热过程中速度场与温度场的状况,分别得到了螺旋槽管内壁与外壁的对流换热系数。结果表明:槽深越大,随着Re增大,换热性能越好;当Re较小时,螺距越大,换热效果降低。其与该类光管换热器相比,得出螺旋槽管的换热系数是光管的2.5倍左右,强化了传热,为此产品的进一步理论研究和推广应用提供了依据。     

长导程双头螺旋槽管换热与流动阻力性能试验研究

对3种相同基管外径、不同螺旋尺寸的长导程双头螺旋槽管进行试验,并与相同基管外径的光滑管进行比较.计算不同工况下螺旋槽管和光滑管管内和管外的表面传热系数,进行换热综合性能评价,并分析了螺旋尺寸对换热性能和流动阻力性能的影响.结果表明:长导程双头螺旋槽管的管内表面传热系数在旺盛湍流区和过渡流区都优于光滑管,且在过渡流区表面传热系数的增大程度更大,而壳程表面传热系数在旺盛湍流区和过渡流区的增大程度有限,螺旋尺寸主要影响管内换热而对管外换热的影响不大,本试验中1号管的综合性能最好.     

螺纹槽管强化传热在凝结换热器中应用展望

螺纹槽管强化传热元件无论在理论上或者在实践上都证明是一种有效的传热元件。将螺纹槽管应用于锅炉受热面上已取得了十分有效的效果。根据我们初步试验研究,应用螺纹槽管技术于凝结换热器中同样也有着广阔的前景。电站汽轮机的凝汽器及高压、低压加热器都属于蒸汽凝结换热器类型。此外,凝结换热设备还广泛应用于化工中的气体液化、能源工程的余汽回收、空调和制冷工业的换热、及供热工程的热网加热器、海水淡化凝结器、热管等设备中。     

超临界CO2螺旋槽管内冷却换热特性的数值模拟及实验研究

为了研究超临界CO₂螺旋槽管内的流动换热特性,本文首先在入口温度323.15 K、入口压力8.0 MPa、入口雷诺数35 000、总热量4 200 W的条件下对不同结构参数的螺旋槽管进行了数值计算,分析了各参数对换热系数及流动过程的影响,并根据换热评价因子,得到了最优螺旋槽管结构（管槽半径r₁为6.5 mm,管槽圆角r₂半径为2.0 mm,管槽槽深e₁为5.5 mm,套管间距e₂为1.0 mm,螺旋角w为0.70 rad）。在此基础上,实验研究了不同压力、不同入口雷诺数对换热系数的影响,得出其影响机理。分析换热系数的影响因素,并结合数值计算和实验数据,建立了超临界CO₂螺旋槽管内冷却换热关联式,并对实验数据进行了预测计算。结果表明,预测值与实验值的平均绝对值偏差为11.65%,最大绝对值偏差不超过25%,证明了其具有较好的准确性。     

两种三维双侧强化管管外R245fa凝结换热的实验对比

为研究环保制冷剂R245fa在水平强化管外凝结换热特性及表面结构对管内外换热性能的影响,分别对三维齿结构低肋管(A管)和斜翅管(B管)进行管外凝结换热实验。在数据处理方法上,采用Wilson-Gnielinski图解法获得管内水侧对流换热系数及其计算关联式,再利用热阻分离法获得管外凝结换热系数。实验结果分析得出A管和B管的管内换热系数强化倍率分别为2.04和2.98,管外强化倍率分别为1.77～1.94,1.87～2.14,B管管内外换热性能都优于A管,造成两种强化管内外换热性能差异的主要因素是强化管内的螺纹高度和管外翅化比。     

三维双侧水平强化管R245fa凝结换热性能试验

由于制冷剂R11和R123对臭氧层有破坏作用,为完成环保新工质R245fa对R11和R123的替代工作,对R245fa在内螺纹外斜翅片的三维双侧强化管外的凝结换热性能进行试验。数据处理过程中,采用Wilson图解法获得管内水侧对流换热系数及其计算关联式,再利用热阻分离法获得管外凝结换热系数。研究表明:试验中管内对流换热系数高于管外冷凝换热系数,所以管外侧的传热热阻是占据主导地位的传热热阻;相对于光管,R245fa在三维双侧强化管管内换热强化换热倍率为3.58,管外强化换热倍率为2.48;对实验数据进行拟合,得到管外换热系数的变化规律和凝结换热关联式。     

Effect of helix angle of spirally corrugated tube on condensation heat transfer characteristics

Spirally corrugated tubes with different helix angles have been used in experiments on the characteristics of condensation heat transfer and flow resistance. The result of the experimentation shows that the helix angle plays a vital part in the spirally corrugated tube during the process of condensation heat transfer. This paper analyzes the mechanism of how the helix angle influences the characteristics of condensation heat transfer and flow resistance, and presents an experimental correlation formula of condensation heat transfer which takes the helix angle into account as a factor. ©2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 37(5): 275–282, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/htj.20208     

在第二类吸收式热泵中对螺旋槽管的换热性能研究

为了提高在以溴化锂为工质的第二类吸收式热泵吸收器的性能,在第二类吸收式热泵吸收器内对不锈钢螺旋槽管,即不锈钢光滑管的传热传质性能进行了实验研究.发现螺旋槽管的传热传质性能约为光滑管3倍,螺旋槽管内热媒工质-水的流体阻力系数是光滑管的17～20倍;应用于第二类吸收式热泵中间大大降低换热面积,促进热泵的高效紧凑化.     

A geometric study on shell side heat transfer and flow resistance of a six-start spirally corrugated tube

Heat transfer enhancement is of great importance for energy efficiency improvement. The utilization of spirally corrugated tubes is one of the efficient ways to strengthen heat transfer. In this article, based on a validated numerical model, the effects of geometric parameters of a six-start spirally corrugated tube, including the pitch p and the corrugation depth e, on the shell side heat transfer and flow resistance performance are numerically investigated, in high Reynolds number conditions ranging from 10,000 to 60,000. The shell side secondary flow velocity distribution, longitudinal vortex distribution, and temperature distribution of a six-start spirally corrugated tube are presented, respectively. In addition, the heat transfer and flow resistance characteristics are evaluated by comparing the Nusselt number and the flow resistance coefficient with these of smooth tubes. Results show that the utilization of six-start spirally corrugated tubes can enhance the heat transfer performance at the expense of an increase of the flow resistance. However, with the same geometric parameters, the Nusselt number increases and the flow resistance coefficient decreases as Reynolds number increases. With the pitch increasing, the Nusselt number and the flow resistance coefficient decrease at a fixed Reynolds number. In contrast, as the corrugation depth increasing, the Nusselt number changes irregularly, and the flow resistance coefficient increases. Finally, correlations for the shell side Nusselt number and flow resistance coefficient of the six-start spirally corrugated tube are established. This work is of significance for engineers and scientists focusing on the heat transfer and the flow resistance characteristics of spirally corrugated tubes and their applications.     

Analysis of Fouling in Six-Start Spirally Corrugated Tubes

Abstract

Fouling on heat exchanger surfaces can weaken the heat-transfer capability, increase the energy consumption, and even cause the failure of the whole system. In coaxial heat exchangers, spirally corrugated tubes perform better than smooth ones concerning heat transfer and antifouling. In this article, a parametric study on the antifouling performance of a six-start spirally corrugated tube is carried out with a solid–liquid two-phase model. First, comparisons between a smooth tube and a specific sample six-start spirally corrugated tube on the solid particle volume fraction distributions are carried out. Then, the effects of solid particle diameter, the main geometric parameters, including pitch and the corrugation depth, are investigated. Analyzing the solid particle volume fraction with different geometries, solid particle diameters and Reynolds number, the roles played by the centrifugal force, drag force, and gravity of solid particles on fouling performance in six-start spirally corrugated tubes are obtained. In addition, the corrugation depth affects the volume fraction range more while the pitch affects more on the steady range of particle volume fraction. This work is of significance for further design of spirally corrugated tubes and analysis of fouling problems in heat exchangers.     

3D Numerical study on the flow topology and heat transfer characteristics of turbulent forced convection in spirally corrugated tube

ABSTRACT

This paper presents a numerical analysis on flow configurations and heat transfer characteristics of turbulent forced convection in spirally corrugated tubes. The influences of corrugation depth (DR = 0.02–0.16), pitch ratio (PR = 0.10–1.00), and Reynolds number (Re = 5,000–20,000) on flow structure and heat transfer characteristics are described. Comparisons between the full length and periodic domains are also reported. The results show that spirally corrugated tubes induced vortex flows which helped to increase heat transfer due to enhanced fluid mixing. The maximum thermal enhancement factor of 1.16 was obtained by using the spirally corrugated tube with DR = 0.06, PR = 0.25 at Re = 5,000.     

管内强化对流换热的热力经济性分析

鉴于管内换热和阻力同步增长的事实,依据Ｗｅｂｂ指标对管内强化对流换热方式下传热和流阻的综合热力性能进行了推导,得到了热力性能指标Ｑ／ＱＳ、Ｐ／ＰＳ和Ｆ／ＦＳ与管内对流换热努氏数Ｎｕ和管内阻力系数λ之间的函数关系式。在此基础上,对螺旋槽管强化管内换热的热力性能进行了分析。     

凝汽式汽轮机乏汽凝汽器传热强化的研究

在对高效换热元件横纹管的强化机理,传热与流体力学特性进行了实验研究与分析探讨的基础上,对装机容量１５００ｋＷ凝汽式汽轮机组的光滑管和横纹管凝汽器进行了工业应用的性能试验,并提出了横纹凝汽器的应用前景。     

Analysis of coiled-tube heat exchangers to improve heat transfer rate with spirally corrugated wall

Steady heat transfer enhancement has been studied in helically coiled-tube heat exchangers. The outer side of the wall of the heat exchanger contains a helical corrugation which makes a helical rib on the inner side of the tube wall to induce additional swirling motion of fluid particles. Numerical calculations have been carried out to examine different geometrical parameters and the impact of flow and thermal boundary conditions for the heat transfer rate in laminar and transitional flow regimes. Calculated results have been compared to existing empirical formulas and experimental tests to investigate the validity of the numerical results in case of common helical tube heat exchanger and additionally results of the numerical computation of corrugated straight tubes for laminar and transition flow have been validated with experimental tests available in the literature. Comparison of the flow and temperature fields in case of common helical tube and the coil with spirally corrugated wall configuration are discussed. Heat exchanger coils with helically corrugated wall configuration show 80–100% increase for the inner side heat transfer rate due to the additionally developed swirling motion while the relative pressure drop is 10–600% larger compared to the common helically coiled heat exchangers. New empirical correlation has been proposed for the fully developed inner side heat transfer prediction in case of helically corrugated wall configuration.     

Experimental studies on heat transfer enhancement of the inside and outside spirally triangle finned tube with small spiral angles for high‐pressure preheaters

A new heat transfer enhanced tube—the inside and outside spirally triangle finned tube with small spiral angles (IOSTF tube)—was developed and manufactured for improving the performance of high‐pressure preheaters. The triangle flutes with small spiral angle on the outside surface of the IOSTF tube perform like the vertically fluted tube, and the triangle flutes with small spiral angle on the inside surface of the IOSTF tube perform like the spirally fluted tube. The experiments show that the total heat transfer coefficient of the vertical IOSTF tube is 63–95 per cent larger than that of the smooth tube with only a slight increase in the inside flowing friction and the field results show that a 43 per cent increase in the total heat transfer coefficient of the high‐pressure preheater with the IOSTF tubes can be obtained. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

工业供热中汽汽再热器换热强化数值研究

为了强化工业供热中的汽汽换热,通过CFD技术对不同类型换热管的流动及换热特性进行了研究。结果显示：光滑壁面时管壁两侧的高、低温蒸汽的温度梯度沿着流向逐渐变化,对流换热逐渐增强;相比于光滑管,采用内波节管和内螺纹波节管时,高温蒸汽侧的温度梯度增大,而低温蒸汽侧的壁面温度梯度明显增大;采用壁面异型结构能够改变管壁内温度梯度,采用内螺纹波节管尤甚。采用内波节管和内螺纹波节管的平均Nu相比于光滑管显著提高,最大值分别提高了26%和30%。