CMM过程支持系统中对过程改变多策略支持的研究

企业在实施CMM时，过程改进这样的宏观目标是通过从微观上成功地完成项目来实现的．因此，自动实施CMM的过程支持系统应该具有灵活的支持过程动态改变的能力，以利于适应多变的项目环境，而过程改变的情况比较复杂，单一策略的采用既增加了模型的复杂性，又不利于系统充分利用已有的底层支持技术．本文介绍了一种多策略过程动态改变支持机制。该机制可用于基于CMM的过程支持系统中，有效提高基于CMM的过程管理系统在过程改变支撑方面的灵活性和实用性．     

基于度量的软件项目过程优化控制研究

本文给出一个软件过程度量的过程模型,描述并分析了基于度量的软件过程跟踪和控制策略,在此基础上,结合实施CMM的软件工程实践,提出一个软件项目过程控制优化模型,并设计一个动态规划的软件项目过程控制优化算法.当项目的实际过程偏离计划轨道时,管理者利用本文给出的软件项目过程优化控制方法,基于软件过程数据库中的历史数据,迅速做出最佳的控制决策,以确保项目目标的实现.     

基于度量的软件项目过程优化控制研究

本文给出一个软件过程度量的过程模型，描述并分析了基于度量的软件过程跟踪和控制策略，在此基础上，结合实施CMM的软件工程实践，提出一个软件项目过程控制优化模型，并设计一个动态规划的软件项目过程控制优化算法．当项目的实际过程偏离计划轨道时，管理者利用本文给出的软件项目过程优化控制方法，基于软件过程数据库中的历史数据，迅速做出最佳的控制决策，以确保项目目标的实现．     

基于CMM的软件开发和维护过程的研究

软件开发组织可以通过建立一致的、标准的软件开发过程，提高对软件项目开发的控制性和预见性，提高其开发效率。实践证明，CMM可以有效提高软件开发组织的生产能力和产品质量，它强调角色的划分，按角色分配任务。本文针对软件维护组织维护能力成熟度展开研究，引入软件过程的概念和CMM分级在软件开发中的应用。围绕软件维护过程的计划、度量和层次方面展开描述，循序渐进地提出软件维护过程改进模型。     

软件过程改进资助政策,助推上海软件产业健康快速发展

CMM/CMMI作为国际公认的评价软件企业成熟度和开发管理水平的工业标准,已经成为软件企业在国际市场竞争中获得认可的重要标志。通过实施CMM/CMMI,世界各地的软件企业可以通过共同的质量语言来协调软件开发过程,而且达到规定的能力成熟度等级有助于提高公司信誉,于是,CMM/CMMI成为了迈向国际市场的"通行证"。2000年6月颁布的国务院18号文中,第十七条明确规定鼓励软件出口型企业通过GB/T19000-ISO9000系列质量认证体系认证和CMM认证,其认证费用通过中央外贸发展基金适当予以支持。为贯彻18号文件,上海市制     

基于软件测试的过程分析

软件的开发测试是科技产业众多项目当中的一种,也是极为关键的一个环节,而基于软件测试的过程分析包含许多内容。文章重点对软件测试做了详细的介绍,对基于CMM的软件测试过程管理以及基于目标可信性的可信软件测试过程进行了细致分析,以期对软件测试过程的合理运用提供有效见解。     

软件企业如何实施CMM

简单介绍CMM模型的内容，描述软件企业实施CMM中得到的好处和付出的代价，说明企业如何实施CMM，并结合自身企业的经验介绍了在实施过程中应该注意的问题。     

基于递阶过程模式复用的软件项目过程控制

通过对过程模式的复用能够保证软件开发过程的规范性.由于各个项目都是独特的,因此不存在一个统一的过程模式适合于所有的项目.本文提出了递阶过程模式动态复用的思想.为了便于重用,过程模式的描述信息建立在本体基础上,并采用了基于事件的软件过程建模方法.文中讨论了过程复合方法和基于软件结构实现递阶过程模式动态复用的技术,并介绍了实现该技术的系统结构.     

CMM在军用软件开发中的作用及实践

针对军用软件的开发现状进行分析,指出了目前存在的主要问题及软件开发过程在提高软件质量方面所起到的保障作用,提出引入CMM进行软件开发的必要性;随后对CMM的基本内容进行简要介绍,阐述了其作为一种软件过程不断改进的途径,使软件开发组织具备自我分析、自我完善的能力,便于确定软件组织的现有过程能力和查找出软件质量及过程改进方面的关键问题,从而为选择过程改进提供依据。重点说明了CMM的实施基础,讨论了实施CMM需要注意的问题及实施CMM后的体会。最后对CMM的发展方向进行了展望。     

基于策略的工作流系统研究

结合互联网工程任务组(Internet Engineering Task Force,IETF)提出的策略的概念和策略部署模型,提出了一种基于策略的工作流系统,并结合工作流系统的特点,提出了描述工作流策略语言,并给出了使用基于策略扩展的Petri网建立工作流过程模型的方法。基于该元模型的定义的工作流具有较好的灵活性,并对工作流的运行期实例的动态修改提供了支持。     

Competing values in software process improvement: an assumption analysis of CMM from an organizational culture perspective

The capability maturity model (CMM) approach to software process improvement is the most dominant paradigm of organizational change that software organizations implement. While some organizations have achieved various levels of success with the CMM, the vast majority have failed. In this paper, we investigate the assumptions about organizational culture embedded in the CMM models and we discuss their implications for software process improvement (SPI) initiatives. In this paper, we utilize the well-known competing values model to surface and analyze the assumptions underlying the CMM. Our analysis reveals contradictory sets of assumptions about organizational culture in the CMM approach. We believe that an understanding of these contradictions can help researchers address some of the difficulties that have been observed in implementing and institutionalizing SPI programs in organizations. Further, this research can help to open up a much-needed line of research that would examine the organization theory assumptions that underpin CMM. This type of research is important if CMM is to evolve as an effective organizational change paradigm for software organizations.     

High‐Conductivity Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):Poly(styrene sulfonate) Film and Its Application in Polymer Optoelectronic Devices

The conductivity of a poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) film can be enhanced by more than two orders of magnitude by adding a compound with two or more polar groups, such as ethylene glycol, meso‐erythritol (1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroxybutane), or 2‐nitroenthanol, to an aqueous solution of PEDOT:PSS. The mechanism for this conductivity enhancement is studied, and a new mechanism proposed. Raman spectroscopy indicates an effect of the liquid additive on the chemical structure of the PEDOT chains, which suggests a conformational change of PEDOT chains in the film. Both coil and linear conformations or an expanded‐coil conformation of the PEDOT chains may be present in the untreated PEDOT:PSS film, and the linear or expanded‐coil conformations may become dominant in the treated PEDOT:PSS film. This conformational change results in the enhancement of charge‐carrier mobility in the film and leads to an enhanced conductivity. The high‐conductivity PEDOT:PSS film is ideal as an electrode for polymer optoelectronic devices. Polymer light‐emitting diodes and photovoltaic cells fabricated using such high‐conductivity PEDOT:PSS films as the anode exhibit a high performance, close to that obtained using indium tin oxide as the anode.     

The enhancement of electrical and optical properties of PEDOT:PSS using one-step dynamic etching for flexible application

The conductivity enhancement of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) by dynamic etching process was investigated to introduce the outstanding and simplest method for soft electronics. Four different samples which were pristine PEDOT:PSS, PEDOT:PSS doped with 5 wt.% DMSO, PEDOT:PSS with dipping process, and PEDOT:PSS with dynamic etching process were prepared to compare the properties such as conductivity, morphology, relative atomic percentage, and topography. All samples were characterized by four point probe, current atomic force microscopy (C-AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and UV–visible spectroscopy. The conductivity of the sample with dynamic etching process showed the highest value as 1299 S/cm among four samples. We proved that the dynamic etching process is superior to remove PSS phase from PEDOT:PSS film, to flow strong current through entire surface of PEDOT:PSS, and to show the smoothest surface (RMS 2.28 nm). XPS analysis was conducted for accurate chemical and structural surface environments of four samples and the relative atomic percentage of PEDOT in the sample with dynamic etching was the highest as 29.5%. The device performance of the sample with the dynamic etching process was outstanding as 10.31 mA/cm² of J_sc, 0.75 eV of V_oc, 0.46 of FF, and 3.53% of PCE. All properties and the device performance for PEDOT:PSS film by dynamic etching process were the most excellent among the samples.     

Data Warehousing Process Maturity: An Exploratory Study of Factors Influencing User Perceptions

This paper explores the factors influencing perceptions of data warehousing process maturity. Data warehousing, like software development, is a process, which can be expressed in terms of components such as artifacts and workflows. In software engineering, the Capability Maturity Model (CMM) was developed to define different levels of software process maturity. We draw upon the concepts underlying CMM to define different maturity levels for a data warehousing process (DWP). Based on the literature in software development and maturity, we identify a set of features for characterizing the levels of data warehousing process maturity and conduct an exploratory field study to empirically examine if those indeed are factors influencing perceptions of maturity. Our focus in this paper is on managerial perceptions of DWP. The results of this exploratory study indicate that several factors—data quality, alignment of architecture, change management, organizational readiness, and data warehouse size—have an impact on DWP maturity, as perceived by IT professionals. From a practical standpoint, the results provide useful pointers, both managerial and technological, to organizations aspiring to elevate their data warehousing processes to more mature levels. This paper also opens up several areas for future research, including instrument development for assessing DWP maturity.     

库存动态管理连续过程离散化

石化炼油是流程工业，原油的流动是连续的。为支持企业营运和生产管理的需要，对原油库存信息进行动态管理是非常必要的。这就要求原油库存管理能提供任何时刻的库存状态。为实现原油库存的动态管理，本文对连续问题离散化的方法进行了研究，通过这个方法，只需要记录本文中定义的时间与事件点的库存信息，保证了数据录入方法的可行性和数据的完整性，从而解决了连续系统中海量数据的采集、存储与处理等问题。     

Highly conductive PEDOT:PSS films prepared through a treatment with geminal diols or amphiphilic fluoro compounds

Poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) films with high conductivity can have important application as the transparent electrode of optoelectronic devices. In this paper, we report the significant conductivity enhancement of PEDOT:PSS through a treatment with germinal diols which have two hydroxyl groups connected to one carbon atom or amphiphilic fluoro compounds which have hydrophobic fluorocarbon groups and hydrophilic hydroxyl or carboxylic groups. Several compounds, including hexafluoroacetone, cyclohexanehexone, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and perfluorobenzophenone, which could convert into geminal diols, were used to treat PEDOT:PSS films. The conductivity enhancements are generally consistent with the equilibrium constants for the conversion of these compounds into geminal diols. PEDOT:PSS films were also treated with several amphiphilic fluoro compounds. The conductivity was significantly enhanced when PEDOT:PSS films were treated with hexafluoroisopropanol, trifluoroacetic acid and heptafluorobutyric acid, while it hardly changed when they were treated with 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol. Conductivities of more than 1000 S cm⁻¹ were observed on the treated PEDOT:PSS films. The mechanism for the conductivity enhancement of PEDOT:PSS through the treatment with geminal diols or amphiphilic fluoro compounds is attributed to the phase segregation of PSSH from PEDOT:PSS and conformational change of the PEDOT chains as the results of the compounds-induced reduction in the Coulombic attraction between the positively charged PEDOT and negatively charged PSS chains.     

A theoretical model for the time varying current in organic electrochemical transistors in a dynamic regime

The dynamic interaction between cations and doped conductive polymer is at the basis of the working principles of organic electrochemical transistor devices. In this letter, we describe a theoretical model for the transport of saline ions in an electrolyte under the influence of an external voltage in a dynamic regime. We show how this scheme can be used to derive the time varying response and current generated by a conductive PEDOT:PSS polymer based OECT device interacting with those ions. The simulated output of the system displays a very high sensitivity on the parameters of the process including charge, size and concentration of the ions, and the frequency of operation of the device. The proposed model can be used to analyze the activity of an OECT device to derive the physical characteristics of individual species in a solution.     

An Improved Simple Adaptive Control Applied to Power System Stabilizer

A conventional power system stabilizer (PSS) can improve the steady-state stability margin and increase the system positive damping, but it has some drawbacks, such as the time-consuming tuning and nonoptimal damping in the entire operating process. A proportional--integral (PI) adaptive control law in simple adaptive control (SAC) can overcome these drawbacks. However, it can only be applied to the plants with almost strict positive realness (ASPR), and the computation of adaptive control law is really complex. A new improved SAC (ISAC) based on quadratic performance index was proposed. A new PSS can be designed using the ISAC. The simulation and experimental results show that this stabilizer possesses good dynamic characteristics and regulation precision. They also show that the new PSS can improve the dynamic stability of the power system and suppress the low-frequency oscillation effectively.      

UNIX进程间通信机制及应用的研究

ＵＮＩＸ操作系统是迄今为止使用得最广泛，最成功的一种分时，多用户，多任务操作系统，操作系统的所有工作都是通过一个个的进程为实现的。文章就ＵＮＩＸ进程的各种通信机制作了介绍，并介绍了利用这些机制模拟实用多用户条件下飞机订票系统的两种不同方案。