Cooling energy evaluation for high-rise residential buildings in Hong Kong

Based on the design of a typical high-rise public housing block in Hong Kong, the dependence of space cooling loads of residential flats on the constructions of external walls and partitions, and the location of thermal insulation layer in the walls and partitions, was studied by detailed simulation. The results show that insulating the envelope and the partitions would be effective in reducing the yearly space cooling load, by up to 38%, but could either increase (by up to 19%) or reduce (by up to 16%) the peak cooling demand, depending on the number and positions of insulation layers in the walls. Reducing the thermal capacity of the envelope and partitions (e.g. by reducing their thickness) would lead to large increases in the peak cooling demand, by more than 60% in the extreme case.     

Energy performance of windows in high-rise residential buildings in Hong Kong

At the present time in Hong Kong in its hot and humid climate, a single pane, clear glazing is most often used in windows of tall residential buildings. During this study, we employed HTB2, detailed building heat transfer simulation software, to evaluate a decrease in the yearly cooling load (Q) and in the peak cooling-load (D) in two residential flats due to different glazing single pane types and different flat orientations. The investigated glazing types were clear glazing, tinted glazing, reflective glazing, and tinted and reflective glazing.     

Application of advanced glazing to high-rise residential buildings in Hong Kong

The energy saving that can be achieved by applying advanced glazing to a typical high-rise residential building in Hong Kong was evaluated using the simulation software EnergyPlus. It was found that application of low-e glazing would lead to a reduction in cooling electricity use by up to 4.2%. The saving due to application of low-e reversible glazing would be up to 1.9%; double-clear glazing up to 3.7%; and clear plus low-e glazing up to 6.6%. The achievable saving would depend on orientation of building wings, and type and location of rooms. The analysis suggests that for the high-rise public housing blocks in Hong Kong, the use of expensive advanced glazing would not be economically viable from the point of view of saving in cooling energy cost.     

Application of switchable glazing to high-rise residential buildings in Hong Kong

For typical high-rise residential building in Hong Kong, we evaluated the impact of using switchable glazing on energy use for space cooling. By using software EnergyPlus, it was found that application of switchable glazing would lead to a reduction in annual cooling electricity consumption by up to 6.6% where the actual amount depends on existence of overhangs, orientation of building wings, types and locations of rooms. Energy saving by this magnitude, however, cannot justify use of switchable glazing in residential buildings in Hong Kong, mainly because of the high glazing cost.     

Application of overhangs and side fins to high-rise residential buildings in Hong Kong

For a typical lone high-rise 20-storey residential building in Hong Kong, the extent to which cooling of its 10th-floor (mid-level) rooms depends on overhangs and side fins was evaluated. By using the software EnergyPlus?, it was found that the application of overhangs would reduce the electricity consumption by up to 5.3%. The highest reduction was obtained in rooms with windows unshaded by own-wing walls, face west, and have 0.75 m overhangs. By using the same software, it was found that the application of side fins to the building with overhangs would reduce the electricity consumption by up to 1.4%, where the highest values belong to windows facing either north or south (at west wing), with out-of-core side fins.     

A survey of building envelope designs for commercial buildings in Hong Kong

Nearly 1 million m² of gross floor area is represented by the survey which identified four different building envelope designs. To enable judgements to be made on construction cost and time, a comparative study was carried out based on a 40-storey generic office building.     

高层住宅建筑外墙外保温体系构造分析

结合住宅工程实例,对外保温体系进行了分析,分别介绍了保温材料使用要求,施工工艺,重要节点做法等内容,通过采取有效的构造措施,杜绝了火灾隐患,防止了＂冷、热桥＂现象的发生。     

浅谈外墙保温板在高层住宅中的应用

阐述了外墙保温板的特点、工作机理及工程做法,结合晋汾西小区高层住宅楼外墙外保温施工,着重介绍了该工艺在高层住宅工程中的应用,通过外墙保温板的选用,以期真正达到保温节能的目的。     

谈居住建筑保温技术

对当前居住建筑围护结构所采用保温形式进行了介绍,指出外墙内保温、外墙外保温、夹芯保温以及整体式保温的优点和缺点,并对各保温技术进行了简单对比,着重对整体式保温隔热建筑所采用的整体式保温做了详细的介绍,以供参考。     

谈高层居住建筑公共空间设计

归纳了目前我国高层居住建筑公共空间设计中存在的问题,并针对各问题的产生原因,分析了公共空间设计不合理导致的后果,提出了几点改善高层居住建筑公共空间环境的建议,有利于营造出舒适且人性化的生活环境。     

农宅节能标准之“围护结构保温技术”解读

对标准中"围护结构保温技术"部分所涉及的围护结构传热系数的确定,保温材料的选取以及围护结构各部位保温节能技术等进行重点解读,有利于适合农村住宅的节能新技术、新工艺、新材料和新设备在农村的推广应用。     

改性EPS保温板在高层住宅中的应用

结合具体的工程经验,分析了改性EPS保温板的特性和应用于高层住宅的可行性,并且在经济性、适用性、耐久性等方面进行了阐述,对具体的施工工艺进行了介绍,以期促进改性EPS保温板的推广应用。     

Modeling water consumption and flow rates for flushing water systems in high-rise residential buildings in Hong Kong

The probable maximum flow rates and flushing water consumption of a residential development are two crucial design factors for flushing water plants and evaluation of the risk of overloading them. Flushing water demands are transient and influenced by occupant load variations, occupant usage patterns, installed appliances and system commissioning. This study proposes mathematical expressions to determine the water consumption and flow rates for flushing water systems of residential buildings in Hong Kong. The model parameters were identified from a recent survey on the water closet (WC) usage patterns of 14 high-rise residential buildings. The occupant load factor, diurnal variation of flushing, discharge and refilling durations and volume of the WC cistern recorded from 597 households were used to determine the uncertainties of consumption and flow rates, and hence the risk of overloading a plant. Predictions were made for two typical residential buildings in Hong Kong. Good agreement between the predicted and the measured flushing water consumption was found. This model would be useful in calculating the capacity of a flushing water plant and the associated risk of overloading it.     

高层商住塔式住宅中室内消火栓设置位置探讨

对室内消火栓位置的设置进行了总体概述,从烟雾的蔓延情况、防排烟设施、消防员操作等方面考虑,分析了室内消火栓位置布设的注意事项,以期完美地设置室内消火栓位置,达到及时有效灭火的要求。     

香港地区高层住宅单体建筑风压系数的研究

调查了香港住宅建筑的布局形式，使用LES模型对常见布局建筑的外流场进行了数值模拟，得到了建筑外表面风压系数的分布。给出了增强自然通风的设计建议。     

谈高层住宅外墙保温施工常见问题及对策

根据高层住宅外墙保温施工的工程特点,对外墙保温常见的问题进行了分析,针对存在的问题,从施工现场组织、选材、施工工艺方面提出了解决对策,并阐述了质量控制措施,以确保工程质量。     

高层建筑混凝土DGJ外墙外保温的应用

介绍了当前高层建筑混凝土外墙外保温的新型保温材料DGJ保温板的特点和技术性能，简述了DGJ保温板代替混凝土的外墙粘聚苯板的施工工艺，指出使用这种新型的外墙保温材料效果良好，施工安全可靠，方便快捷，经济合理，值得推广应用。     

浅析高层居住建筑底部架空空间

阐释了建筑底部架空的概念,分析了架空空间在高层居住建筑中的应用,即底部完全架空、局部架空、中间架空和顶部架空几种主要类型,论述了底部架空的功能性、地域性、层次性、渗透性和景观性等方面的空间特点,力求创造出舒适、宜人的空间环境,增强架空空间在高层居住建筑中的应用性。