生防芽孢杆菌对果蔬采后病害防治的研究进展

果蔬在采后贮藏运输过程中易受到病原菌的侵染而腐烂变质,采后病害的控制主要依赖化学合成杀菌剂,但长期使用会导致环境污染和食品安全等问题。生物防治具有绿色环保的特点,正在逐渐被应用。芽孢杆菌作为重要的生防菌,在果蔬采后病害防治中发挥了重要作用,目前国内外已有大量生防杆菌在果蔬采后病害防治中的研究。本文对生防芽孢杆菌防治采后病害的种类、作用机制和在采后病害的应用现状进行了综述,以期为生防芽孢杆菌在果蔬采后病害的发展和创新提供借鉴思路。     

水果采后病害生防菌的分离筛选及使用途径的研究进展

论述近年来国内外水果采后病害生物防治生防菌的分离、筛选的方法和使用生防菌防治水果采后病害的途径的研究进展,为进一步筛选有效的水果采后病害生防菌提供新思路.     

防治水果病害的生防酵母及生防制剂研究进展

水果在生长和贮藏过程中极易受到病原菌侵染而腐烂,从而造成巨大的经济损失。目前,田间病害防控及 采后果实贮藏保鲜主要依靠化学制剂。化学制剂因其高效性及便利性在农业领域备受欢迎,但化学制剂的广泛使用 对人体和环境都造成了很大的危害。因此,水果防腐需要寻求更安全、环保并高效的方法,其中生物防治是替代化 学防治的有效措施之一。本文主要探究了生防酵母对于水果采后病害的生防效果及存在问题,并对国内外生防制剂 的研究现状和前景进行了分析讨论,以期能为我国酵母生防制剂的商业化生产与应用提供有价值的参考。     

提高生防菌对水果采后病害防治能力的研究进展

水果采后病害的生物防治已成为一个研究热点,但微生物防治的效果往往不如化学杀菌剂的效果,这限制了微生物生防菌的应用。近年来,学者们提出了许多措施来提高生防菌对水果采后病害的防治能力,本文对这些措施进行了综述。     

哈密瓜拮抗菌筛选及拮抗效果的研究

通过拮抗菌对哈密瓜主要采后病害的生物防治研究,探讨拮抗茵对果蔬采后病害的生物防治作用及其机制,确定最佳的生物防治形式、建立哈密瓜采后生物防治的微生物学方法.     

生防菌解淀粉芽孢杆菌抗菌蛋白的研究进展

生防解淀粉芽孢杆菌具有强烈抑制真菌和细菌的能力,在果蔬采后病害防治方面具有巨大的应用潜力。该文对解淀粉芽孢杆菌产生的抗菌蛋白、蛋白的分离纯化、抑菌机理和生防应用等方面进行了综述,并对其在果蔬采后病害防治应用前景进行了展望。     

中国桃果实采后生理和病害研究进展

中国桃果实采后生理变化和采后病害是影响桃果实贮藏寿命的主要因素。本文就国内外有关中国桃果实采后生理和病害的研究进展进行综述。采后生理涉及果实失水、呼吸强度和乙烯产生、细胞膜透性、酚类物质、相关酶类、果实硬度、营养成分、香气组分等生理变化;采后病害包括非侵染性病害和侵染性病害,主要概述了物理防治、生物防治和化学防治在桃果实采后病害防治上的研究与应用。     

粘红酵母对水果采后病害生物防治的研究进展

粘红酵母作为一种用于生物防治的拮抗菌,具有拮抗效果好,不产生毒素,.可以和化学杀菌剂共同使用等优点.对粘红酵母(Rhodotorula glutinis)对水果采后病害生物防治的研究现状进行了综述,其中包括防治效果、防治机理、防治的优势、存在的问题以及未来的研究方向等.还提出了使用生物技术改造粘红酵母从而提高其生物防治效果,是现在应用粘红酵母对水果采后病害生物防治研究的最新领域.     

拮抗菌防治葡萄采后病害研究进展

在葡萄采摘后的贮存和运输过程中,病害普遍发生,主要包括灰霉病、葡萄曲霉腐烂病、根霉腐烂病、青霉病等,严重影响其生产和商品价值。目前葡萄采后病害控制仍依靠化学防治,化学杀菌剂的长期施用可导致农药残留、环境污染、损害人体健康,并增强病原菌的抗药性。采用拮抗菌控制葡萄采后病害是替代化学杀菌剂的一种绿色、环保且安全的防治方法,本文主要介绍了葡萄采后侵染性病害及症状、拮抗菌的来源及应用现状、作用机制及联合其他方法结合使用增强生防效果等内容,并对拮抗菌防治葡萄采后病害进行了展望。     

拮抗酵母菌对果蔬采后病害生防增效途径及机理研究进展

本文在总结拮抗酵母菌特点的基础上,针对限制其商业化应用的主要原因,重点阐述增强拮抗酵母菌对果蔬采后病害生防效力的途径及机理,最后进一步提出拮抗酵母菌增效技术未来的研究方向。以此,为拮抗酵母菌的商业化推广和应用及生物防治技术在控制采后果蔬病害中的应用提供指导。     

拮抗酵母控制果蔬采后真菌病害研究进展

果蔬采后的真菌病害会造成巨大经济损失,部分病原菌还可能会产生危害人畜健康的真菌毒素。化学防治方法存在一定的毒性,并且容易造成环境污染,使用面临着越来越多的限制,生防酵母防治作为可以替代化学杀菌剂防治的新手段已被广泛研究。本文将从拮抗酵母种类、防控效果、拮抗机制以及如何提高其生防效率等几个方面进行综述,并对其商业化前景进行了展望。     

拮抗微生物对枣果实采后病害生物防治的研究进展

枣果实采后极易发生真菌侵染性病害而造成重大损失,利用拮抗微生物防治枣果实采后病害是替代化学合成杀菌剂的一种绿色、环保、安全的防治方法.目前应用于防治枣果实采后病害的拮抗微生物主要为梅奇酵母属(Metschnikowia sp.)、假丝酵母属(Candida sp.)、隐球酵母属(Cryptococcus sp.)以及芽...     

热处理对水果采后病害防治的研究进展

本文综述了热处理对采后水果病害控制的应用,包括热处理的方法、热处理对采后水果病害控制的效果、热处理的防腐机制、提高热处理对水果采后病害防治能力的方法等.     

Review: Utilization of antagonistic yeasts to manage postharvest fungal diseases of fruit

Significant losses in harvested fruit can be directly attributable to decay fungi. Some of these pathogenic fungi are also the source of mycotoxins that are harmful to humans. Biological control of postharvest decay of fruits, vegetables and grains using antagonistic yeasts has been explored as one of several promising alternatives to chemical fungicides, the use of which is facing increasingly more stringent regulation. Yeast species have been isolated over the past two decades from a variety of sources, including fruit surfaces, the phyllosphere, soil and sea water, and their potential as postharvest biocontrol agents has been investigated. Several mechanisms have been proposed as responsible for their antagonistic activity, including competition for nutrients and space, parasitism of the pathogen, secretion of antifungal compounds, induction of host resistance, biofilm formation, and most recently, the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in defense response. It has been recognized that a biocontrol system is composed of a three-way interaction between the host (commodity), the pathogen and the yeast, all of which are affected by environmental factors. Efficacy and consistent performance in controlling postharvest diseases are the hurdles that must be overcome if the use of yeast biocontrol agents and other alternatives are to be widely used commercially. Therefore, attempts have been made to combine alternative treatments in order improve their overall performance. The current review provides a brief overview of the topic of the use of yeasts as postharvest biocontrol agents and includes information on the sources from which yeast antagonists have been isolated, their mode of action, and abiotic stress resistance in yeast as it relates to biocontrol performance. Areas in need of future research are also highlighted.     

电离辐射对果蔬采后病害的控制

电离辐射技术因其效果好、简便、实用、卫生安全等特点而被作为代替化学合成防腐剂的物理方法应用于果蔬防腐保鲜中。综述了电离辐射在采后果蔬病害控制上的应用,包括电离辐射的直接抑菌作用、电离辐射对采后果蔬病害控制的效果及提高电离辐射对果蔬采后病害防治能力的方法等。     

State of the art and future prospects of the biological control of postharvest fruit diseases

Synthetic fungicides are the primary means to control postharvest diseases of fruits. Biological control has emerged as one of the most promising alternatives to chemicals. During the last 20 years, several biological control agents have been widely investigated for use on different pathogens and fruit crops. Many biological control mechanisms have been suggested for use on fruit including antibiosis, parasitism, induced resistance in the host tissue and competition. With the aim of extending the use of the biofungicides, there have been many studies on the application of various combinations of control agents, and on the application integrated with chemical and physical means of protection. The formulation and application methods are key issues for the efficacy and successful outcome of the commercial product. Genetic engineering may provide a useful tool in the enhancement of the biological control efficacy. Since biofungicides are usually not as effective as pesticides, this approach should be viewed as an important component of an integrated disease management scheme given that a significant and permanent reduction of pesticide use is our goal.     

采后果实链格孢属真菌病害防治方法研究进展

链格孢属真菌(Alternaria spp.)可引起多种果实采后发生病害,每年造成的损失异常严重,因此防治由链格孢属真菌引起的采后果实病害显得尤为迫切。文章将着重介绍国内外研究中采后果实链格孢属真菌病害的防治方法,包括采前防治,采后物理、化学和生物方法及联合防治等,并提出在未来的发展中应该使用新的、有效的组合方式来提高防治效果,增强果实抵抗链格孢属真菌的能力,延长果实采后贮藏期,提升其商品价值。     

AP2/ERF转录因子调控果蔬采后病害的作用研究进展

果蔬在采后贮藏运输过程中易受到各种生理性病害和侵染性病害的胁迫,这些病害极大地缩短了各类水果和蔬菜的货架期。已有研究表明,AP2/ERF转录因子超家族在果蔬响应各种采后病害中起着重要作用,该家族转录因子可参与调控果蔬的生长发育,并对各类生物和非生物胁迫作出响应。为了明确AP2/ERF转录因子对果蔬采后生理性病害和侵染性病害的调控作用,本文对AP2/ERF转录因子及其在果蔬中的分布和数量进行了概述,并阐明了其响应果蔬采后生理性病害和侵染性病害的作用及机理,介绍AP2/ERF转录因子在香蕉、黄瓜、辣椒等果蔬中响应采后病害的研究进展,以期为研究其他果蔬中的AP2/ERF转录因子以及利用AP2/ERF转录因子增强采后果蔬对病害的抗性提供参考。