酯交换法制备生物柴油研究进展

综述了酯交换法制备生物柴油的国内外重要研究进展,总结了超临界体系、生物酶催化体系、均相催化体系和非均相催化体系制备生物柴油的研究成果,重点讨论了不同催化剂和实验条件对酯交换反应速率和生物柴油产率的影响,分析了不同反应体系存在的一些关键问题,并对酯交换法制备生物柴油的研究方向进行了展望。     

制备生物柴油固体催化剂及过程强化研究进展

叙述了催化酯交换反应制备生物柴油固体催化剂的类型及特点、催化活性和寿命,介绍了近期有关固体非均相催化酯交换过程强化研究及其对反应和转化率的影响。认为需寻求活性更高的催化剂,强化过程传质等工程手段,以解决固体催化过程存在的非均相和催化界面使酯交换反应时间过长、转化率低的问题。     

一种制备生物柴油的工艺

此发明公开了一种甲醇镁催化植物油制备生物柴油联产甘油、氧化镁的工艺,以未精炼植物油为原料,甲醇镁为非均相催化剂,通过酯交换反应制备生物柴油,并得到副产品甘油和氧化镁。采用该工艺制备生物柴油,产物小需中和处理,副产品甘油容易回收,整个过程无废液排放。催化剂失活后经处理转化为经济价值较高的氧化镁,实现了全部原料的综合利用,避免了废渣污染。     

非均相法催化制备生物柴油的最新研究进展

非均相连续化工艺是生物柴油规模化工业生产的发展方向。多相催化剂的研制和新型工艺过程的开发一直是生物柴油领域的研究热点,也是实现生物柴油绿色、经济、高效生产的关键。分析了酯交换反应可能的反应机理,综述了国内外生物柴油非均相酸碱催化剂的最新研究进展,评述了多种固体酸碱催化剂在生物柴油的制备中优异的催化性能和存在的问题,介绍了多种新型多相生物柴油反应器及反应分离耦合工艺在生物柴油连续化制备中的应用,最后展望了生物柴油未来的发展前景,指出新型固体酸碱双功能催化剂与先进多相连续反应分离耦合工艺的开发将推动生物柴油领域不断发展。     

固体催化剂催化酯交换反应制备生物柴油研究进展

酯交换法由于无需消耗大量的能量即可制备出低黏度的生物柴油,是制备生物柴油的主要方法,发展前景较好。固体催化剂催化酯交换反应产物易分离,废弃催化剂无环境污染。综述了酯交换反应制备生物柴油过程中固体催化剂的研究概况,包括固体酸和碱催化剂的研究进展,认为采用负载型固体碱催化剂催化油脂酯交换反应合成生物柴油将成为主要的研究方向。     

制备生物柴油的固体催化剂研究进展

生物柴油是一种清洁、可再生能源。对催化油脂酯交换反应制备生物柴油的固体催化剂的研究进展进行综述,分析了各种固体催化剂的特性,并对催化油脂酯交换反应的固体催化剂今后研究方向进行讨论。     

酸碱催化法制备生物柴油技术研究

酯交换方法是制备生物柴油最常用的方法。酯交换法包括酸碱催化法、酶催化法、超临界法等。主要介绍了酸碱催化法的催化剂、反应结果以及优缺点,并展望了酸碱催化法制备生物柴油技术的发展方向。     

金属氧化物掺杂对CaO催化性能影响的研究

以非均相碱性催化剂CaO催化废餐饮油与甲醇酯交换反应制备生物柴油为目标反应.研究不同金属氧化物掺杂对CaO催化性能影响.首先,利用CaO分别研究了醇油摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间和反应温度对反应产率的影响,实验结果表明,该反应最佳操作条件:醇油摩尔比为6,反应温度75℃.反应时间2 h,ω(催化剂)=4%,生物柴油的产率达到83.58%.采用浸渍法制备了以CaO为载体的负载型固体碱催化剂K2O/CaO和ZnO/CaO,通过对比发现氧化物对CaO的催化效果有提高作用,生物柴油产率均可达96%以上.     

催化酯交换制备生物柴油的研究进展

催化酯交换是制备生物柴油的一个重要方法。本文综述了均相催化和非均相催化、酸性催化和碱性催化、固体酸和固体碱催化的研究进展,并针对每类催化剂的特性和应用范围进行比较,得出固体酸和固体碱催化符合绿色生产生物柴油的要求,是未来发展的方向。特别是固体酸在催化含有水分和游离酸的油脂酯交换方面具有独特的优势,需要进一步研究和开发。     

微波促进生物柴油制备的研究进展

以微波为促进手段进行生物柴油制备近几年受到广泛关注,本文从均相和非均相催化转酯化反应的角度,综述了微波促进生物柴油制备的国内外研究进展。与非均相催化过程相比,均相催化过程的研究更加广泛。均相催化剂的研究多以碱性催化剂为主,其反应速率快,但是副反应多。非均相催化剂的研究中,均有采用固体酸或者固体碱催化剂的报道,其中以活性炭为载体的固体催化剂具有廉价、高效的特点,但是其催化剂寿命需要进一步提高。     

Latest developments on application of heterogenous basic catalysts for an efficient and eco friendly synthesis of biodiesel: A review

Heterogeneous catalysts are now being tried extensively for biodiesel synthesis. These catalysts are poised to play an important role and are perspective catalysts in future for biodiesel production at industrial level. The review deals with a comprehensive list of these heterogeneous catalysts which has been reported recently. The mechanisms of these catalysts in the transesterification reaction have been discussed. The conditions for the reaction and optimized parameters along with preparation of the catalyst, and their leaching aspects are discussed. The heterogeneous basic catalyst discussed in the review includes oxides of magnesium and calcium; hydrotalcite/layered double hydroxide; alumina; and zeolites. Yield and conversion of biodiesel obtained from the triglycerides with various heterogeneous catalysts have been studied.     

Advances on the development of novel heterogeneous catalysts for transesterification of triglycerides in biodiesel

This paper describes experimental work done towards the search for more profitable and sustainable alternatives regarding biodiesel production, using heterogeneous catalysts instead of the conventional homogenous alkaline catalysts, such as NaOH, KOH or sodium methoxide, for the methanolysis reaction. This experimental work is a first stage on the development and optimization of new solid catalysts, able to produce biodiesel from vegetable oils. The heterogeneous catalytic process has many differences from the currently used in industry homogeneous process. The main advantage is that, it requires lower investment costs, since no need for separation steps of methanol/catalyst, biodiesel/catalyst and glycerine/catalyst. This work resulted in the selection of CaO and CaO modified with Li catalysts, which showed very good catalytic performances with high activity and stability. In fact FAME yields higher than 92% were observed in two consecutive reaction batches without expensive intermediate reactivation procedures. Therefore, those catalysts appear to be suitable for biodiesel production.     

Improvement of biodiesel production through microstructural engineering of a heterogeneous catalyst

Biodiesel can be produced from ecological friendly processes using edible or waste vegetable oil. Actual production processes can be improved by using heterogeneous catalysts for transesterification reaction activation at low temperature. Few structured or particulated solids with high catalytic activity for biodiesel production reaction have been studied in bibliography. In this work, a microstructured catalyst based on catalytically active pumice material has been developed. Catalytic particles have been made with the shape of an organic template used as former. A novel methodology was used to control the fabrication of pumice-based heterogeneous catalysts as an effective way to improve their efficiency in the production of biodiesel in a continuous packed-bed industrial reactor. The catalytic packed bed reactor configuration studied shows high yields in biodiesel production, obtaining advantages from the microstructural engineering of the catalytic material.     

The effects of catalysts in biodiesel production: A review

Biodiesel fuel has shown great promise as an alternative to petro-diesel fuel. Biodiesel production is widely conducted through transesterification reaction, catalyzed by homogeneous catalysts or heterogeneous catalysts. The most notable catalyst used in producing biodiesel is the homogeneous alkaline catalyst such as NaOH, KOH, CH₃ONa and CH₃OK. The choice of these catalysts is due to their higher kinetic reaction rates. However because of high cost of refined feedstocks and difficulties associated with use of homogeneous alkaline catalysts to transesterify low quality feedstocks for biodiesel production, development of various heterogeneous catalysts are now on the increase. Development of heterogeneous catalyst such as solid and enzymes catalysts could overcome most of the problems associated with homogeneous catalysts. Therefore this study critically analyzes the effects of different catalysts used for producing biodiesel using findings available in the open literature. Also, this critical review could allow identification of research areas to explore and improve the catalysts performance commonly employed in producing biodiesel fuel.     

一步酯交换法合成碳酸二甲酯催化剂研究进展

综述了一步酯交换法合成碳酸二甲酯催化剂的研究进展,阐述了所用催化剂的组成、性质和催化活性,从反应产物分析推测了反应机理。适宜孔径的碱性沸石分子筛等多孔材料将是合成多相催化剂载体的首选材料。制备高活性、高选择性、高稳定性的多相催化剂将是今后催化剂研究的方向。     

固体碱催化制备生物柴油的最新研究进展

异相催化工艺是生物柴油工业化生产的发展方向。固体碱催化剂因其反应速率高、条件温和、且环保可再生等优越的性能成为生物柴油领域的研究热点。本文综述了负载型和非负载型两类催化剂在生物柴油中制备中的应用,总结了其存在的问题,展望了生物柴油未来的发展前景。     

Marble slurry derived hydroxyapatite as heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production from soybean oil

In this study, utilization of waste marble slurry (MS) as an eco‐friendly and low‐cost heterogeneous catalyst is introduced for biodiesel production from soybean oil. Catalytic transesterification reaction was done to convert biodiesel from soybean oil using Marble slurry (MS) derived calcined marble slurry (CMS), and hydroxyapatite (HAP) as a heterogeneous catalyst. Marble slurry derived catalysts were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, and TGA with elemental analysis. Hammett indicator method and ion exchange method were also used to verify catalytic activities of the catalysts. The HAP provided the better biodiesel yield of 94 ± 1 % with the highest basicity (13.30 mmol/g) and basic strength than CMS under optimized reaction conditions: reaction temperature 65 °C; reaction time 3 h; methanol/oil molar ratio 9:1; and catalyst concentration 6 wt%. Reusability tests provide confirmation about the stability of the catalyst and slight fluctuations in catalytic activity and biodiesel yield when used up to five runs.

     

乙烯氢甲酰化催化合成丙醛的研究进展

丙醛是重要的精细化工产品,它的工业化生产大多采用乙烯氢甲酰化反应催化合成,其中催化剂体系的选择是合成工艺和技术的关键。本文综述了采用均相催化剂、均相固载化催化剂以及多相催化剂催化合成丙醛的研究成果。不同的催化剂在活性、选择性、稳定性等方面各有特点,而多相催化剂由于其稳定性好、易于分离等特点将成为今后该领域的重要研究方向。     

稀土固体催化剂在生物柴油合成中的应用研究进展

由于稀土元素具有独特的价电子构型,因而含有稀土元素的固体酸碱催化剂通常都具有独特的空间结构和催化性能。本文对稀土固体酸碱催化剂的种类及特点进行了综述,并对其在分别及同时催化酯化和酯交换反应合成生物柴油中的研究进展进行了详细论述;对各类稀土固体酸碱催化剂的优缺点进行了综合比较分析;对各类稀土固体酸碱催化剂具有不同催化活性和稳定性的内在影响原因进行了分析;着重介绍了稀土氧化物的催化反应机理;指出固体酸催化剂已成为经化学催化法合成生物柴油的新发展趋势,如何通过稀土元素掺杂来获得高活性和稳定性的固体酸催化剂,将是今后的一个重要研究方向。