电解法处理C.I. Reactive Red 241、C.I. Disperse Blue 56模拟染料废水的研究

以C.I.Reactive Red 241、C.I.Disperse Blue 56模拟染料废水为对象,研究了电解法处理该类染料废水的优化条件。考察了起始电压、电解时间、溶液初始p H对处理效果的影响。结果表明,在p H=7,U=14V、I=3.2A、t=30min的条件下,C.I.Reactive Red241模拟染料废水的脱色率可达到86%以上;在p H=7,U=14V、I=3.2A、t=25min的条件下,C.I.Disperse Blue 56模拟染料废水的脱色率可达到79以上%。     

C.I.活性红241水解性能研究及其“复合染料”的合成

采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)为分析手段,对C.I.活性红241在不同时间、温度(40℃,50℃,60℃)和pH(7.09,7.99,10.1)条件下活性基的水解性能及水解组分的稳定性进行了研究。结果表明:在40℃、pH7.09时,染料的活性基主要以β-羟乙基砜硫酸酯基的形式存在,随着温度或pH升高,β-羟乙基砜硫酸酯基会逐渐水解为乙烯砜基,且受pH的影响更为显著;而乙烯砜基在40℃、pH10.1和60℃、pH7.99两种情况下基本能够稳定存在。因此,控制温度为40℃、pH值介于7和10之间时,可以水解得到含β-羟乙基砜硫酸酯基和乙烯砜基的"复合染料"。最后,通过控制二次缩合反应过程的温度和pH值,得到了β-羟乙基砜硫酸酯基和乙烯砜基具有一定比例的C.I.活性红241"复合染料"。     

纤维素纤维用C.I.活性红195的染色性能研究

本文研究了C.I.ReactiveRed195(活性红M-3BE)在6种纤维素纤维棉麻粘胶竹纤Lyocell以及Modal纤维上的染色性能及其之间的差异,探讨了工艺因素变化(碱剂中性盐温度)对活性染料染色性能的影响,并总结出一个较优的纤维素纤维用活性染料染色的工艺。     

臭氧强化电絮凝处理直接耐晒大红4BS模拟染料废水

采用臭氧强化电絮凝法处理直接耐晒大红4BS模拟染料废水,研究了染料脱色的影响因素及其COD_Cr去除动力学。考察了电流密度、溶液初始pH 值、染料初始浓度、支持电解质浓度、反应温度和臭氧流量对臭氧强化电絮凝法处理4BS染料脱色效率的影响。结果表明,电流密度15 mA·cm^-2,pH值10.0,4BS染料初始浓度100 mg·L^-1,支持电解质浓度3000 mg·L^-1,臭氧流量06 L·h^-1,20 ℃下反应50 min后4BS脱色率达94％以上。COD_Cr去除符合拟二级动力学。     

Investigation of Reactive Red Dye 198 removal using multiwall carbon nanotubes in aqueous solution

The present study evaluates the performance of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) for removing Reactive Red Dye 198 (RR198) from the color wastewater. In this study, the influence of pH, adsorbent dose, initial dye concentration, and contact time on the RR198 adsorption by MWCNTs was investigated. The results showed increasing the dye concentration from 20 to 200 mg/L, removal efficiency decreased from 99.62% to 66.99%. Moreover, by increasing the pH from 3 to 10, the efficiency of dye removal decreased from 76.34% to 54.98%. Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic model were the best models for describing the adsorption reactions.     

臭氧氧化活性染料及其降解产物毒性研究

在印染废水中,染料成分复杂、高浓度、高色度、难生物降解物质多,用常规的生物处理方法难以有效治理。高级氧化技术(AdvancedOxidationProcesses,简称AOPs)作为一种有效的废水处理手段,引起了越来越多的关注。以活性染料活性艳红KE-3B为对象,模拟印染废水的实际情况对染料进行臭氧氧化研究,探讨了该过程的动力学影响因素。研究发现在pH=10时,脱色速度快;随着臭氧投加量的增加,色度去除率也相应增加;Na2CO3作为自由基清除剂在一定程度上抑制了臭氧氧化,而NaCl对臭氧氧化的影响则较小;对比了组合工艺UV/O3/H2O2应用于活性染料的处理效果,发现UV/O3反应体系中加入少量的H2O2能够使脱色率增加。利用海洋性发光菌VibrioFischeri对臭氧氧化后的溶液进行了生物毒性监测与评价,结果显示,在氧化过程中溶液毒性明显升高;随氧化程度的进一步加深,毒性又趋于下降。     

C.I.颜料红48系列色淀颜料的应用进展

综述了C.I.颜料红48系列色淀颜料在塑料、印刷油墨、粉末涂料、喷墨墨水、静电照相滤光片等领域的应用。随着应用领域的不断拓宽,对其提出了更高的性能要求,通过颜料的表面改性可提高颜料的应用性能。有22篇参考文献。     

C.I.颜料红48:2表面改性的研究

2B酸重氮化与2,3酸偶合,30分钟后,填加阴离子表面活性剂,用氯化钙进行色淀化得标题颜料。分散剂MF、扩散剂NNO、聚丙烯酸、红油使颜料的鲜艳度、着色力和透明度提高,色光有所变化;MF、NNO和聚丙烯酸使颜料的流动性提高;红油、十二烷基磺酸钠使流动性下降;阴离子表面活性剂可提高颜料在二甲苯中的分散性。     

Influence of progressive surface oxidation of nitrogen-containing carbon on its electrochemical behaviour in phosphate buffer solutions

The effects of the nitric acid surface oxidation of nitrogen-containing carbons (SCN-type) on the chemical structure as well as the electrochemical properties of powdered electrodes prepared from them were studied. The oxidation efficiency was dependent on the duration of the oxidative modification. The surface chemistry was characterized using standard neutralization techniques and spectroscopic methods (FTIR and XPS). Electrochemically active surface groups obtained on carbon materials during oxidation were investigated by cyclic voltammetry. Some noteworthy relations between the electrochemical activity of carbon electrode material and the degree of surface oxidation are reported.     

Influence of the surface chemistry of modified activated carbon on its electrochemical behaviour in the presence of lead(II) ions

Cyclic voltammetric studies of the influence of surface chemistry on the electrochemical behaviour of granulated and powdered activated carbon samples in the presence of lead(II) ions both in bulk solution and pre-adsorbed on carbon were carried out. Variety in surface chemical character was achieved through modification of carbon samples by heat treatment in vacuum, ammonia and ammonia-oxygen atmospheres, as well as by oxidation in moist air and with concentrated nitric acid. For the samples obtained, the surface area (BET), acid–base neutralization capacities and sorption capacity towards Pb²⁺ ions were estimated. The states of the deposited Pb species were assessed by means of FTIR and XPS spectra as well as cyclic voltammetry. The importance of the surface chemistry of the carbon electrode materials are discussed in terms of their electrochemical properties and the mechanism of adsorption processes. The Cπ-metal and heteroatom-metal interaction are dominant in amphoteric and basic carbons, but in oxidized samples adsorption take place mainly by ion-exchange. Other forms of adsorption, such as the formation metal hydroxide species, are also covered buy this paper. Various forms of adsorbed lead species exhibit different electrochemical activities.     

无隔膜槽中ACF电极成对电解脱色活性艳蓝KN-R

采用恒电流模式,同时以活性炭纤维(ACF)为阳极和阴极,在无隔膜电解槽中研究了不同电流密度下蒽醌染料活性艳蓝KN-R的电化学脱色。结果表明在1.0~1.5mA.cm-2时,电解槽中发生阳极电氧化和阴极电还原同时进行的成对电解脱色。成对电解的发生,可以提高电解槽的工作处理能力。当电流密度为1.1mA.cm-2时,脱色率达到87%。     

C.I.分散红92合成研究

以1-氨基-2-苯氧基-4-羟基蒽醌、氯磺酸、氯化亚砜、3-乙氧基丙胺为原料及Na2CO3为缚酸剂合成了C.I.分散红92。研究了氯磺酸、氯化亚砜用量及温度对氯磺化的影响,研究了3-乙氧基丙胺用量、pH值及温度对胺化缩合的影响。通过实验得到了较佳的反应条件,原料摩尔比是1-氨基-2-苯氧基-4-羟基蒽醌:氯磺酸:氯化亚砜:3-乙氧基丙胺为1:8:0.6:1;氯磺化温度为30℃～35℃;胺化缩合pH值为7～8,温度为15℃～20℃。并通过HPLC、1H-NMR、IR和MS对目标产品进行了分析。以1-氨基-2-苯氧基-4-羟基蒽醌计,总收率大于91%,目标产品HPLC纯度大于99%,溶剂回收率为95%。     

Current efficiency studies of the zinc electrowinning process on aluminum rotating cylinder electrode (RCE) in sulfuric acid medium: Influence of different additives

This work studies the effect of three additives, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTABr) and arabic gum (AG) on zinc electrowinning on aluminum in a solution of 85 g L⁻¹ Zn(II) (1.3 M) in 108 g L⁻¹ H₂SO₄ (1.1 M). The influence of these three additives is analyzed during the different stages of the reduction process using chronopotentiometric techniques on an aluminum rotating disk electrode (RDE). Potential ranges (−1.05 < E < −0.85 V versus SHE) and current density (−51 < i < −0.2 mA cm⁻²) within which zinc electrodeposition takes place in the presence of the three different additives were established. These parameters were used to determine current efficiencies (Φ), evaluated by electrolysis on an aluminum rotating cylinder electrode (RCE); the zinc deposition efficiency in the presence of SLS, CTABr and AG, was 95%, 96% and 99%, respectively, were all greater than the efficiency obtained without any additive (WA), Φ = 84%. The homogeneity of the deposits at the end of electrolyses implied that the (RCE) promotes uniform current density on the electrode surface and, hence, can be considered a model cell to evaluate current efficiencies.     

Influence of pore structure and surface chemistry on electric double layer capacitance in non-aqueous electrolyte

The performance as electric double layer capacitors (EDLC) in non-aqueous electrolyte of a series of alkaline agent-activated carbons with high surface area is presented in this work. The results obtained show that, in general, capacitance increases with surface area. However, the results obtained in this study confirm that capacitance not only depends on surface area, but also on two other parameters: pore size distribution and surface chemistry. It has been shown that capacitance is higher for a sample with wider micropore size distribution than for a sample with higher surface area but too narrow micropore size distribution. In addition, it has been observed that the sample with a very high amount of surface groups presents very high capacitance values. In the present study, a KOH-activated carbon with a capacitance as high as 220 F/g was prepared. Finally, the results obtained with a mesoporous sample have shown that the presence of mesopores in activated carbons with very high surface area (e.g. >2000 m²/g), do not seem to be effective for double layer capacitors.     

High Efficiency Photocatalytic Mineralization of C.I. Reactive Red 2 using Transparent Self-Assembled Nanopin-Like Titania with High Preferential (101) Orientation on Alumina Thin Film in Aqueous Environments

This investigation elucidated the mineralization of an environmental pollutant; C.I. Reactive Red 2 (RR2) using transparent self-assembled nanopin-like titania with high preferential (101) orientation on alumina thin film (Ti@Al-nanopin-f) in water and UV/TiO₂ system. Mineralization efficiency of the azo dye by Ti@Al-nanopin-f thin film is compared with a thick film of Degussa P25 titania photocatalyst (P25-f) and a dense thin film of titania on a glass substrate (Ti-f). The results shown high efficiency of fully mineralization of RR2 by titania nanopin thin film. The decolorization reactions obeyed the pseudo-first-order kinetics in all tested systems. The photodegradation rates of chemical compounds on semiconductor surfaces follow the Langmuire-Hinshelwood model. At pH 7, the mineralization rates followed the order Ti@Al-nanopin-f (k = 0.066 min^?1 and t_1/2 = 10.5 min) > P25-f (k = 0.0125 min^?1 and t_1/2 = 55.4 min) > Ti-f (k = 0.0042 min^?1 and t_1/2 = 165.0 min). High preferential (101) orientation of the anatase particles on alumina substrate not only markedly increase the surface area but also prepare a suitable sites for electron and hole injection to species of solution.     

Investigation on electrochemical reduction process of Nb2O5 powder in molten CaCl2 with metallic cavity electrode

The direct electrochemical reduction process of Nb₂O₅ powder was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and constant potential electrolysis with a novel metallic cavity electrode in molten calcium chloride at 850 °C. The products of both constant potential and constant voltage electrolysis were characterized by XRD, SEM and EDX. CaNb₂O₆ was formed upon addition of solid Nb₂O₅ into molten CaCl₂ when CaO was present. During the electrolysis solid Nb₂O₅ was reduced to various niobium oxides of lower oxidation states, including some composite oxides, and then was converted completely to metallic niobium near −0.35 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), which was more positive than the reduction potential of Ca²⁺. Constant potential electrolysis was applied at the potentials near the reduction current peaks derived from the cyclic voltammetry curves, and cell voltages were monitored. The voltage was near 2.4 V when the oxide was metallized at −0.35 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). Nb₂O₅ pellet could be used to prepared metallic niobium at cell voltage 2.4 V in a larger electrolysis bath filled with calcium chloride at 850 °C. The experiment results further demonstrated the direct electrochemical reduction mechanism of Nb₂O₅ powder in a molten system.