四叶草形超宽带漫散射编码超表面

该文提出了一种结构新颖的四叶草形编码超表面,并利用该超表面实现了超宽带漫散射.所提出的编码超表面具有旋转对称性,它对x极化和y极化波产生相似的反射特性.为了实现1比特编码超表面,该文设计了在15.5～40.5 GHz的频率范围内且相位差为180°±37°的两个超表面单元.采用优化算法得到阵列中单元的最佳排列,从而实现了...     

1-bit模态可重构涡旋电磁波天线研究

针对大多数天线无法实现轨道角动量(Orbital Angular Momentum, OAM)的任意生成和切换的问题,设计并分析了一种基于1-bit可编程超表面,探讨了其在涡旋电磁波的模态可重构方面的应用。基于1-bit相位量化原理,设计了一款极性转化单元,实现入射x极化波反射y极化波。理论分析了涡旋电磁波的辐射及可重构模态性能,并对设计的可编程超表面进行仿真验证。由15×15个单元组成的1-bit反射可编程超表面在11.5～13.5 GHz(16.0%)工作带宽内生成了携带模态l为0,±1,±2的涡旋电磁波,验证了模态可重构性。平面电磁波和涡旋电磁波既可以生成,又可以相互转换,为将来实现具有实时动态控制功能的OAM光束奠定了基础,在无线通信系统中具有良好的应用前景。     

应用于毫米波段的宽带波束调控超表面设计

毫米波段因其较高的数据传输速率和较大的容量而备受关注。为满足现代通信系统对宽带、波束偏转和高辐射效率等天线需求，本文提出了一种工作在88.5～94.6 GHz频带范围内的石墨烯-金属复合结构超表面。该超表面通过调节石墨烯的费米能级，对超表面单元的反射相位进行实时调控编码。调整金属层结构尺寸，可以调制不同编码状态下超表面单元的相位、幅度响应以及编码频段范围。经优化设计，在石墨烯费米能级分别为0 eV和1 eV时，编码超表面单元在88.5～94.6 GHz的宽频带内具有180°±20°的反射相位差，并且反射幅度均大于0.7。利用该单元设计了7×7的超表面，通过合理排布编码单元，可对毫米波段波束进行偏转和多波束切换等动态调控。实验结果显示，单波束最大偏转角度可达105°(-55°～50°),且可实现1～5个波束的切换。该超表面为多功能天线设计提供了新的解决方案，在高速无线局域网、车载雷达、卫星通信等领域具有潜在的应用价值，对毫米波段通信技术的发展具有重要意义。     

双线极化宽带1-bit可编程智能超表面设计

智能超表面(Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface, RIS)因其对电磁波的灵活调控特点,广泛应用于新型无线通信网络系统中,满足了6G移动通信对低成本、低剖面、易布局、低能耗、多功能器件的要求。然而,现有超表面器件往往局限于单极化的调控,且工作带宽较窄,极大限制了其在新一代无线通信系统中的应用。提出了一种新型的双线极化宽带1-bit可编程RIS,通过接收贴片、可重构缝隙和辐射贴片的形式,在完成双线极化电磁波极化转换的同时,实现3.5 GHz附近的1-bit相位调控,设计的超表面单元-3 dB带宽为2.98～4.6 GHz,相对带宽达到42.7%,所设计单元也可以实现圆极化的波束调控;通过平面波角谱理论,对该单元所建超表面进行分析综合;建立的16×16阵列可以实现多功能电磁波调控,包括波束扫描、聚焦以及涡旋波束生成等,可以在二维平面±60°内实现高增益波束扫描,-3 dB相对带宽达到36.7%。     

基于极化旋转单元的宽带雷达散射截面缩减

提出并设计了一种基于非对称开口圆环形结构的极化转换单元，并以此为基础设计实现了超宽带雷达散射截面（radar cross-section，RCS）缩减电磁超表面.利用非对称开口圆环形结构极化转换单元可灵活设计转极化反射相位的特点，设计了两种极化转换单元以实现在超宽频带范围内满足反射相位相差接近180°，将这两种单元在平面上进行编码优化排布，使得入射电磁波产生漫反射效应从而实现超宽带后向散射RCS缩减.最后设计并加工了一个192 mm×192 mm尺寸的电磁超表面，仿真和实测结果表明该表面在11.2~24.1 GHz的宽频带内实现了10 dB以上的RCS缩减，最大缩减可达35 dB.     

基于PIN管的波束可重构双频反射阵列天线

利用PIN管实现反射阵列天线单元补偿相位的改变,使得反射阵列天线完成快速的双频宽角度电子波束扫描。天线结构为12×12反射天线阵列,通过在天线单元上添加PIN管,并编程控制PIN管的导通截止,可进行反射阵列天线双频宽角度电子波束扫描。仿真和实验表明,反射阵列天线在3.82 GHz和4.52 GHz均可实现±45°波束扫描,实测3.82 GHz增益为10 dB左右,4.52 GHz增益为13 dB左右。     

一体化馈源大角度扫描折叠式反射阵列天线

卫星通讯服务的快速增长催生了对于“动中通”设备旺盛的需求.由于具有低剖面、加工方便、功能实现多样等特点, 折叠式反射阵列具有应用于“动中通”系统的巨大潜力.针对这一应用需求, 提出了一种具有大角度扫描能力的折叠式反射阵列设计方案, 基于多层印刷电路板(Printed Circuit Board, PCB)技术,设计了一种工作在C波段可用于折叠式反射阵列具有60°扫描能力的微带缝隙单元, 利用该单元设计了0°、45°和60°波束指向的固定波束折叠式反射阵列.此外, 使用阵列馈源替代传统喇叭馈源, 完成了馈源与主反射面的一体化设计, 实现了折叠式反射阵列天线结构的平面化.固定波束折叠式反射阵列的仿真和实测结果表明在4.85~5.15 GHz的频率范围内, 阵列具有60°波束扫描的能力.     

基于反射型超表面的太赫兹偏折涡旋波束生成

太赫兹涡旋波束可以提高雷达通信系统通信容量及成像系统的分辨率,如何有效地产生这种波束成为近期研究热点之一。为了克服传统方式的缺点,该文设计加工了5个工作在太赫兹频段的反射型超表面,它们可以产生±1、±2和3共5个不同模态的涡旋波束。为了避免馈源对涡旋波束的遮挡,通过平面反射阵原理控制了波束的偏转方向。超表面单元为3层结构,其中,上层为金属结构,控制上层结构中8个枝节的长度,可以在基本不改变超表面单元反射系数的情况下,调整它的反射相位。中间层为介质层,为了使超表面单元有较高的反射系数,介质层下方为一金属地。超表面单元仿真显示,其同极化反射率在90%以上,相位分布也满足超表面设计需求。超表面的仿真及测试结果表明,在340 GHz附近,不同超表面在设计的方向上产生了对应模态的涡旋波束,并且涡旋波束中的主模态能量占比最高。      

基于三种反射型单元共享孔径的新型宽带低RCS反射屏设计

该文设计了一种基于3种反射型单元共享孔径的新型宽带低RCS超表面反射屏,与传统人工磁导体反射屏相比,引入一种相量干涉单元,利用新型相位对消关系完成了对传统人工磁导体(AMC)反射屏相位对消频带的拓展。通过将3种反射单元交错排布,合理设计阵列使其满足新型相位对消条件,并进一步优化单元结构参数,实现了阵列RCS缩减和缩减带宽的拓展。在不同极化波垂直入射条件下,新型阵列均有较好的低散射性能。仿真与实测结果表明:在5.2～13.9 GHz范围内后向RCS缩减量达到10 dB以上,相对带宽达到91%,为宽带低RCS反射屏设计提供了新的方法。     

一种波束扫描固态等离子体超表面的设计

为了实现空间中波束的动态扫描,设计了一款基于固态等离子体的超表面。采用阵列单元相位曲线拼接的技术,通过拼接介质基板厚度不同的阵列单元的相位曲线来实现0°~360°的相位补偿,并用数值插值的方式建立超表面参变量与相位补偿角之间的映射。结果表明,超表面的反射主波束方向θ分别为15°,25°和30°,计算结果与设计相符合,通过改变固态等离子体的激励区域来重构阵列单元,实现了空间中波束在θ为15°,25°和30°时的动态扫描。此反射型超表面阵列单元的普适性设计方法,降低了阵列单元的设计难度,并通过固态等离子体的可调谐特性实现了空间波束扫描超表面的设计。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks