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1.
聚乙烯类废塑料制聚乙烯蜡技术发展 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
废旧塑料的回收利用是近年来治理环境污染的一个重要课题,废聚乙烯(PE)在塑料垃圾中占有很大的比例。如何对其进行合理的回收,利用已成为人们十分关心的问题,从理论和经济两方面分析了废聚乙烯裂解制取聚乙烯蜡技术的可行性,介绍了聚乙烯蜡的性能及市场情况。分析比较了几种有代表性的制蜡工艺。综合评价了这些工艺技术的应用范围和优缺点。还简要介绍了红外脱油技术。并对该技术的研究和应用方向提高了一些建议。 相似文献
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Off-site toxic consequence assessment: a simplified modeling procedure and case study 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The new "Hazardous Waste Management Regulation" was published in the Official Newspaper of the Chilean Republic on 12 June 2003, being in force 365 days after its publication (i.e., 12 June 2004). During the next 180 days after its publication (i.e., until 12 December 2004), each industrial facility was obligated to present a "Hazardous Waste Management Plan" if the facility generates more than 12 ton/year hazardous wastes or more than 12 kg/year acute toxic wastes. Based on the Chilean industrial figures and this new regulation, hazardous waste management plans were carried out in three facilities of the most important sectors of Chilean industrial activity: a paper production plant, a Zn and Pb mine and a sawmill and wood remanufacturing facility. Hazardous wastes were identified, classified and quantified in all facilities. Used oil and oil-contaminated materials were determined to be the most important hazardous wastes generated. Minimization measures were implemented and re-use and recycling options were analyzed. The use of used oil as alternative fuel in high energy demanding facilities (i.e., cement facilities) and the re-refining of the used oil were found to be the most suitable options. In the Zn and Pb mine facility, the most important measure was the beginning of the study for using spent oils as raw material for the production of the explosives used for metals recovery from the rock. In Chile, there are three facilities producing alternative fuels from used oil, while two plants are nowadays re-refining oil to recycle it as hydraulic fluid in industry. In this sense, a proper and sustainable management of the used oil appears to be promissory. 相似文献
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Susan E. Selke 《Packaging Technology and Science》1988,1(2):93-98
The manner in which recycling of plastic packaging is developing in the USA is outlined and the probable changes in the next decade are discussed. Suggestions as to how packaging professions should deal with the subject are made. 相似文献
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目的建立高效液相色谱法,测定聚丙烯餐具中12种抗氧化剂的迁移量。方法采用蒸馏水、质量分数为3%的乙酸溶液、质量分数为10%的乙醇溶液、质量分数为20%的乙醇溶液、质量分数为50%的乙醇溶液、异辛烷、聚2,6-二苯基苯乙烷这7种食品模拟物浸提聚丙烯餐具中的12种抗氧化剂,经高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器测定,利用外标法进行定量。结果质量浓度为5.0~100.0 mg/L的范围内,12种抗氧化剂线性关系良好,R2≥0.9995,检出限为0.5~2.0 mg/L,平均回收率在87.1%~98.7%,相对标准偏差在0.8%~3.1%。结论利用HPLC法测定聚丙烯餐具中12种抗氧化剂的迁移量,该方法操作简便、快速、灵敏,可为食品接触材料中抗氧化剂分析提供参考。 相似文献
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聚丙烯是一种结晶聚合物,其发泡只能在结晶熔点附近进行,超过熔点熔体粘度迅速下降。通用聚丙烯树脂的熔体强度很低,发泡成型非常困难。但和其他聚烯烃材料相比,聚丙烯具有较高的刚性、优良的力学性能、良好的热和化学稳定性。首先综述了研究开发聚丙烯发泡材料成为创新热点,接着分析了聚丙烯发泡材料的性能特点及应用领域,然后介绍聚丙烯材料的发泡制备技术,最后讨论聚丙烯泡沫塑料的成型工艺,同时指出了聚丙烯材料发泡制品的应用与市场发展前景。 相似文献
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注塑成型是受热融化的材料由高压射入模腔,经冷却固化后,得到成形品的方法。该方法适用于形状复杂部件的批量生产,是重要的加工方法之一。从注塑用聚乙烯结构特点及其主要原料,分析了聚乙烯注塑成型生产工艺及方法,综述了聚乙烯注塑产品的加工要点,同时指出了聚乙烯注塑产品加工市场的发展趋势。 相似文献
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《International Journal of Pavement Engineering》2012,13(4):273-279
The recycling of asphalt pavements containing crumb rubber modifier (CRM) modified binders is increasing in areas having these types of asphalt pavements more than 10 or 15 years old. The performance and physical and rheological properties of the blends of aged CRM binders containing rejuvenating agents due to the presence of CRM have not been considered in detail. In this study, two CRM binders and one control binder of PG76-22 were artificially aged and then used as recycled materials by adding different rejuvenating agents, i.e. a rejuvenator and a softer binder. The properties of the blends of the three aged binders containing various percentages of the rejuvenating agents were evaluated using Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR), Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR) as well as viscosity tests. The test involved three different aging states of the blends: original, RTFO residual and RTFO+PAV residual. Results from this study show that: (1) the aged CRM binders can be rejuvenated back to a targeted PG grade; (2) the rejuvenating agents investigated are effective in changing the properties when used with the aged CRM binders; (3) the presence of crumb rubber in the modified binders enhances their aging resistance; (4) the target grade is more easily reached by adding the rejuvenating agents to the aged CRM binders rather than the aged control PG76-22. 相似文献
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新型淀粉填充型塑料地膜的研制 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
以低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)及线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)为基体,加入适量的改性淀粉及聚乙烯蜡,在单螺杆挤出机上实现增容共混过程,制备出具有良好实用性能的塑料地膜.探讨了LDPE、HDPE、LLDPE三种树脂的共混配比、改性淀粉加入量、聚乙烯蜡加入量等对塑料地膜材料力学性能的影响,利用扫描电镜表征了塑料膜的亚微观相态,并考察了塑料膜的生物降解性能.结果表明,聚乙烯蜡的加入可明显改善共混树脂与改性淀粉的相容性,并可提高塑料膜的力学性能和生物降解性能. 相似文献
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目的 制备一种具有抗菌性能的聚丙烯塑料板.方法 以乙酸铜(Cu(CH3COO)2·H2O)和乙酸锌(Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O)为原料,通过固相反应,生成铜(Cu)接枝在纳米氧化锌(ZnO)上制成Cu/ZnO无机抗菌材料.将抗菌材料与聚丙烯粒料共混、造粒和模压成型制得抗菌聚丙烯板.对Cu/ZnO无机抗菌材料和抗菌聚丙烯板进行扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP)、抗菌实验和拉伸、弯曲强度测试,对材料的化学组成、结晶性、抗菌性、力学性能和安全性能进行表征分析.结果 采用抗菌母粒法制备的抗菌聚丙烯板,将抗菌剂分散均匀,抗菌剂的加入没有改变聚丙烯的化学结构.由于界面作用的存在,聚丙烯结晶温度升高,对熔融温度影响不大.力学性能测试表明,抗菌剂的加入使得聚丙烯板拉伸强度略有下降,弯曲强度呈现先上升后下降趋势;当抗菌剂质量分数为4%时,抗菌聚丙烯板具有最佳力学强度,且在此浓度下,抗菌聚丙烯对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的杀菌率均达到99.99%.金属离子在发挥抗菌作用时,迁移量远远低于欧盟规定允许的最大迁移量.结论 将通过固相反应制备的无机抗菌剂添加至聚丙烯粒料中制成抗菌聚丙烯板,将其进一步加工制成的果蔬周转箱可以有效减少箱体在运输中受到污染,如自身发霉长菌等现象,证明该材料具备食品包装的安全性. 相似文献
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聚乙二醇/氯化聚丙烯相变材料的制备 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
制备了一种骨架为氯化聚丙烯、支链为聚乙二醇的新型相变材料。利用聚乙二醇从结晶态到无定形态之间的转变,实现该材料的储能和释能,整个过程中材料始终保持为固体。叙述了该相变材料的合成方法,讨论了它的相变机理及特点等。结果表明,该新型固态相变材料相变焓较大,具有很好的应用价值和发展前途。 相似文献
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We have investigated ballistic response of polyethylene/polyethylene (PE/PE) composites to impact by Uzi bullets. For comparison, limited work was carried out on PE/aramid fiber hybrids and PE fiber/Polycarbonate plate laminates. The plates exhibited an average ballistic resistance, V
50, of approximately 90 m/s per 1 kg/m2 area density. In term of the protection level per thickness, the ballistic resistance was 76 m/s per 1 mm. Visual and microscopic examinations identified indentation and delamination as the prevailing failure mechanisms. The delamination, energy calculated on the basis of a simple delamination model considering the fracture surface energy of the matrix, was shown to fully balance the dissipated kinetic energy of the bullet, while the contribution of the fiber fracture process was negligible. This is taken as strong circumstantial evidence for the significant role of this failure process in the ballistic resistance of these composites. 相似文献
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纳米SiO2颗粒对HDPE和PP非等温结晶行为的影响 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了纳米二氧化硅(SiO2)填充高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)和聚丙烯(PP)两体系非等温结晶动力学行为,发现纳米SiO1/HDPE体系的非等温结晶数据不满足Ozawa方程,但符合莫氏方程;而纳米SiO2/PP体系的非等温结晶的数据同时符合莫氏方程和Ozawa方程.利用Kissinger方程计算两体系的结晶活化能,发现纳米SiO2/HDPE体系的结晶活化能比纯HDPE体系的大,纳米SiO2/PP体系的结晶活化能比PP的小,但两体系的结晶活化能都随着纳米SiO2含量的增加而增加。纳米SiO2在复合体系中明显起着异相成核的作用. 相似文献
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等离子体处理填料填充聚烯烃力学性能的研究 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3
将经过丁醛等离子体处理的云母粉填充到高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)或聚丙烯(PP)中,考察了填充聚合物的拉伸行为和断口形貌。结果表明,丁醛等离子体处理云母能够显著提高云母填充HDPE和PP的拉伸弹性模量和断裂伸长率,改善填充HDPE的低温韧性,在一定程度上缓解由填充导致的拉伸断裂强度的下降趋势。这是由于处理使填料与基体的结合性以及基体的延展性改善,填充体系致密性提高的结果。 相似文献
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研究了聚乙二醇(PEG)/硅藻土复合助剂对聚丙烯(PP)流变行为和力学性能的影响。结果表明,PEG/硅藻土复合助剂明显降低了聚丙烯树脂熔体黏度,改善了加工性能。复合助剂含量越多,降粘效果越显著。DSC和偏光显微镜分析表明,加入复合助剂可以诱导β晶的生成,使PP球晶细化,PP的冲击强度和断裂伸长率得到提高。 相似文献
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采用TiO2浆料浸渍法在聚丙烯塑料上负载纳米二氧化钛薄膜.研究了不同表面处理方法、表面处理条件和浆料固相含量对TiO2薄膜的形成和结构的影响.用扫描电镜观察了TiO2薄膜的表面形态,用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪和X射线光电子能谱分析了表面处理后聚丙烯表面所带基团、原子及化学态.研究表明,经过离子溅射表面镀Ti膜处理和表面磺化处理后,可改善聚丙烯表面与TiO2粒子间的亲和度,以镀Ti膜的表面形成的TiO2薄膜结构较均匀致密.表面磺化处理存在最佳时间,时间过长,会使表面产生点蚀,影响成膜质量.最佳处理时间与磺化速率有关.浆料中TiO2含量越高,浆料粘度越大,膜越容易开裂和脱落,较低粘度的浆料可获得结构较均匀的膜. 相似文献
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对聚丙烯薄膜加香方法进行了研究,采用市售聚丙烯薄膜和香精为原料,利用香精分子的扩散运动和气体挥发作用,以及塑料包装薄膜的热胀冷缩性能,使香精分子融入塑料包装薄膜分子的间隙中,得到聚丙烯香味塑料包装薄膜。探讨了香精添加量对聚丙烯薄膜力学性能和透光率的影响,并分析了加热温度和加热时间对薄膜香味持久性的影响,估测了所制备薄膜的香味维持时间。结果表明:香精添加量较少时,其对聚丙烯薄膜力学性能和透光率的影响甚微;但加热温度和加热时间对薄膜香味持久性影响较大,理想的加热温度和加热时间分别为100℃和1h,此条件下聚丙烯加香薄膜的香味至少可以维持1a的时间。 相似文献
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利用钛酸四异丙酯、对叔丁基苯甲酸和正硅酸乙酯制备了一种新型成核剂三(对叔丁基苯甲酰氧基)-硅氧烷基-钛(TSD).利用热重分析(TG)考察了成核剂的热稳定性,采用X射线衍射分析(XRD)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)和偏光电子显微镜分析法(PLM)对聚丙烯(PP)的晶型及结晶行为进行了考察并测试了聚丙烯的力学性能和维卡软化... 相似文献