Performance evaluation of asphalt mixtures containing recycled concrete aggregates

Abstract

To evaluate the feasibility of using Recycled Concrete Aggregates (RCA) in asphalt mixtures, the coarse RCA and fine RCA were prepared as a partial replacement of the natural aggregates (NA). Different amounts of replacement of NA with RCA were investigated, and the mechanical properties and pavement performance of asphalt mixtures containing different proportions of RCA were analysed based on laboratory tests. The results indicated that with increasing the RCA percentage, the optimum asphalt content increased and the bulk density of mixtures decreased as well. Mixtures containing 40% coarse RCA or 20% fine RCA both showed satisfactory performance. Besides, the mixture containing 40% fine RCA had the highest asphalt content, but gave much better performance compared to the virgin mix except for its bad resistance to permanent deformation. Finally, the pavement performance of mixtures containing 60% coarse RCA and 50% coarse RCA were unacceptable.     

Effect of waste plastic bottles on the stiffness and fatigue properties of modified asphalt mixes

Nowadays, the use of recycled waste materials as modifier additives in asphalt mixes could have several economic and environmental benefits. The main purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of waste plastic bottles (Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)) on the stiffness and specially fatigue properties of asphalt mixes at two different temperatures of 5 and 20 °C. Likewise, the effect of PET was compared to styrene butadiene styrene (SBS) which is a conventional polymer additive which has been vastly used to modify asphalt mixes. Different PET contents (2–10% by weight of bitumen) were added directly to mixture as the method of dry process. Then the resilient modulus and fatigue tests were performed on cylindrical specimens with indirect tensile loading procedure. Overall, the mix stiffness reduced by increasing the PET content. Although stiffness of asphalt mix initially increased by adding lower amount of PET. Based on the results of resilient modulus test, the stiffness of PET modified mix was acceptable and warranted the proper deformation characteristics of these mixes at heavy loading conditions. At both temperatures, PET improved the fatigue behavior of studied mixes. PET modified mixes revealed comparable stiffness and fatigue behavior to SBS at 20 °C. However, at 5 °C the fatigue life of SBS modified mixes was to some extent higher than that of PET modified ones especially at higher strain levels of 200 microstrain.     

包装废PE改性沥青高低温性能研究

利用包装废弃物(PE)对沥青进行改性,同时解决了"白色污染"和沥青性能达不到实际应用要求的问题,通过改性沥青的高低温性能进行测试以及试验结果分析,对包装废PE改性沥青的高低温性能的机理进行了研究,表明包装废PE改性沥青具有良好的高低温性能.     

聚合物改性沥青高温抗变形特性实验研究

为研究短期老化作用、温度分别对3种聚合物改性沥青:SBS改性沥青(SMA)、橡胶粉改性沥青(RPMA)、复合改性沥青(CMA)抗变形能力的影响,利用动态剪切流变仪(DSR)分别对3种沥青原样及旋转薄膜烘箱老化(RTFOT)后的沥青试样进行重复蠕变恢复实验,利用抗变形指数HL与蠕变劲度的粘性部分GV对沥青高温变形性能进行评价;并利用扫描电子显微镜对各沥青试样的微观结构形态进行观察,从微观角度解释不同沥青抗变形能力存在差异的原因。结果表明,GV与HL可较好地评价高温下改性沥青的抗变形能力;短期老化作用使基质沥青与改性剂的微观结构发生变化,抗变形性能改变;温度对沥青抗变形能力的影响取决于沥青温度敏感性的强弱,RPMA在高温状态下表现最好。     

沥青结合料老化对路面功能层力学性能的影响

为考察沥青结合料老化对路面功能层力学性能的影响,运用Bisar和Ansys程序计算了不同老化程度的沥青路面的应力应变分布情况.通过计算分析可知:沥青层中产生的最大拉应力位于路表面双轮中心处;路面老化后,沥青层中产生的最大拉应力增加,最大拉应变与未老化路面相比,基本处于同一水平;在老化的前期(老化程度较轻时),沥青路面层内产生的最大剪应力远大于沥青路面层产生的最大拉应力;随着路面老化程度的加深,路面表面双轮中心处的拉应力(沥青层内产生的最大拉应力)接近甚至大于沥青面层的最大剪应力;这表明,路面在使用前期容易发生剪切破坏,随着路面老化程度的加深,路面更容易产生拉伸破坏.     

介孔硅藻改性沥青机制与改性沥青性能

以介孔硅藻为改性剂改性制备了不同掺量的介孔硅改性沥青,通过IR、SEM、OM对其改性过程及其改性机制进行了微观分析,并根据IR、SEM以及沥青四组分的分析结果绘制出改性过程模型图,利用TG及针入度、软化点、延度等测试方法对不同掺量介孔硅改性沥青与原质沥青的相关性能进行了比较。结果表明:介孔硅改性沥青的过程没有明显的化学变化,主要为介孔硅物理吸附沥青的过程,介孔硅由于多孔、比表面积大的特性更易吸收沥青中流动性强、分子量小的溶剂组分(饱和组分及芳香组分)到其内部孔隙和周围,它们在温度降低时冷凝硬化与介孔硅相互固定形成均匀稳定的整体,这是介孔硅改性沥青高温性能提高的主要原因;介孔硅藻的掺量与改性沥青性能并不呈正相关,改性沥青的温度敏感性和低温性能会随着掺量的增加而变差,介孔硅质量分数为13%时,介孔硅改性沥青的综合性能相对较好。     

两种粘结料对泡沫沥青冷再生混合料性能的影响

通过加速加载试验、低温弯曲试验、飞散试验研究了泡沫沥青和水泥两种粘结材料对泡沫沥青冷再生混合料(CRMFA)长期高温抗变形能力、低温抗裂性以及抗松散性能的影响。研究结果表明:对CRMFA的长期高温抗变形能力而言,存在一个最佳泡沫沥青用量;增加水泥掺量有助于提高CRMFA的长期高温抗变形能力。CRMFA的低温柔韧性随泡沫沥青用量的增大而提升,但随水泥掺量增加呈抛物线变化规律,为保证CRMFA具有良好的低温抗裂性能,水泥掺量宜小于2wt%。CRMFA的抗松散性能较差,增加泡沫沥青用量可有效降低其松散性;水泥掺量在1.5wt%~2.5wt%时,对CRMFA抗松散性的改善作用不显著。     

改性再生剂在老化沥青中的扩散规律研究

采用模拟扩散试验,对比了3种不同组成的再生剂在老化沥青中的扩散规律,通过原子力显微镜(AFM)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)对不同扩散位置的沥青微观结构及分子量分布进行测定,分析了不同种类再生剂的扩散机理。结果表明,随着扩散深度的增加,再生剂的作用效果逐渐减弱,老化沥青中相互吸附的沥青质团阻碍大分子量的改性组分在沥青中扩散,通过对沥青质分散可使改性再生剂与低粘度再生剂的扩散水平接近,研究成果对再生路面的性能提升提供技术参考。     

The effect of recycled plastic aggregate on chemico-physical and functional properties of composite mortars

In this paper the interaction mechanism between recycled plastic aggregates and lime matrix in composite mortars was investigated by means of thermal, morphological and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses. In order to assess the fire behavior of the composite mortars, a cone calorimeter method was adopted. The plastic aggregate, mainly made of polyolefin and polyethylene terephthalate, is obtained from an industrial waste, through a process that provides a plasticization and densification by extrusion of plastic waste. Several composite mortars were prepared by replacing silica powder with 10%, 15% and 20% of recycled aggregate. Experimental results attest that, even if the filler was not chemically modified, there is a good chemical interaction between the plastic aggregate and mortar, involving a reduction of the negative effects on physical and functional properties of the mortar composites, such as thermal degradation and fire resistance. In fact all the specimens showed a scarce sensitivity to flashover, and can be classified as low risk materials.     

老化对改性沥青微观结构及疲劳性能的影响

为了研究老化对改性沥青微观结构及疲劳性能的影响,通过沥青常规指标测试试验、动态剪切流变（DSR）试验和AFM测试试验,从宏细观角度分析了老化前后苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯三嵌段共聚物（SBS）改性沥青和胶粉改性沥青的针入度、延度和软化点及疲劳性能、微观结构的变化情况。结果表明：随着老化程度的加深,两种改性沥青的稠度、硬度增加,高温性能得到改善,而温度敏感性变低,低温抗裂性能变差。综合分析针入度比、延度比和软化点比得出胶粉改性沥青的抗老化性能优于SBS改性沥青;随温度的降低、频率的增大和老化程度的加深,两种改性沥青的抗疲劳性能变差;微观结构观测结果显示,SBS改性沥青具有"蜂型结构",老化后"蜂型结构"的体积增大、高度增加、数量减少;胶粉改性沥青没有"蜂型结构",胶粉颗粒与沥青在共混共融过程中发生溶胀、脱硫和降解等行为会影响沥青中"蜂型结构"的形成;老化前后胶粉改性沥青表面形貌粗糙度和高度变化不大;胶粉改性沥青的抗疲劳、抗老化和高温性能总体优于SBS改性沥青。     

Estimation of optimum binder content of recycled asphalt incorporating a wax warm additive using response surface method

This paper presents a new approach to estimate the optimum binder content (OBC) of recycled asphalts (RAs) incorporating a warm mix additive based on the interaction effects of compaction temperature, RA content and binder content using volumetric and strength characterisation. The experimental design was developed using response surface method (RSM) based on central composite design for various compaction temperatures (130–160 °C), RA contents (30–50%) and binder contents (4.9–6.0%). Laboratory tests were performed and analysed to meet the desired volumetric and strength properties according to the Malaysian specifications for the design of dense asphalt mixtures. Statistical analysis and mathematical models proposed by RSM were used to determine the OBC. The results showed that compaction temperature is the most significant factor in determining the OBC. There are minimum differences in the OBC variation of samples incorporating different dosage of RA. The developed model can be used for quick estimation of OBC for various levels of compaction temperature and RA content.     

苯乙烯-丁二烯嵌段共聚物与废橡胶粉复合改性高黏沥青及混合料性能研究

为了评价高黏改性剂对沥青性能的影响,采用高速剪切法制备了苯乙烯-丁二烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)改性沥青、废橡胶粉改性沥青和两种SBS/橡胶粉复合改性高黏沥青。通过三大指标试验、黏度试验、高温车辙试验和低温小梁弯曲试验,研究了高黏沥青的高低温性能、感温性能及沥青混合料路用性能。结果表明:4种改性沥青的高低温性能随各自改性剂掺量的增加逐渐提高,掺加10%北美岩沥青或2.5%多聚磷酸(PPA)的高黏沥青感温性能更稳定,较大幅度提升了黏度值,高温性能改善明显;掺加2.5%PPA的高黏沥青及其混合料能够更好地抵抗高温条件下的性能衰减,保证了使用效果,更适用于温度较高地区;掺加10%北美岩沥青的高黏沥青及其混合料在低温条件下性能良好,推荐在低温地区使用。     

Fatigue resistance investigation of warm‐mix recycled asphalt binder,mastic, and fine aggregate matrix

Fatigue cracking is one of the primary distresses in warm‐mix recycled asphalt pavements. This paper evaluates the fatigue resistance evolution of warm‐mix recycled asphalt materials in different scales during the service period. The strain sweep test and time sweep test were performed, respectively, by dynamic shear rheometer to determine the linear viscoelastic limits and to characterize the fatigue behavior of warm‐mix recycled asphalt binder, mastic, and fine aggregate matrix with different ageing levels and recycling plans. The dissipated energy method was used to define the failure criterion and to construct the fatigue model. Effects of ageing levels and recycling plans on stiffness and fatigue resistance were investigated. Performance correlations among warm‐mix recycled asphalt binder, mastic, and fine aggregate matrix were developed, respectively, by the statistical method to determine the critical material scale for stiffness and fatigue resistance.     

Using waste plastic bottles as additive for stone mastic asphalt

Currently, polymer modified asphalt mixture is a relatively costly mixture for paving roads. One way to reduce the cost of such constructions and rendering them more convenient is by using inexpensive polymers, i.e. waste polymers. The main purpose of this research is to determine the effect of incorporating waste plastic bottles (Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)) on the engineering properties of stone mastic asphalt (SMA) mixture. The volumetric and mechanical properties of asphalt mixes that include various percentages of PET (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10%) were calculated and assessed with laboratory tests. The appropriate amount of PET was found to be 6% by weight of bitumen. The outcomes were statistically analysed and the determination of the significance at certain confidence limits was performed with the two factor variance analysis (ANOVA). Moreover, some studies conducted on polyethylene modified asphalt mixture have also been taken into consideration in this paper. The results show that the addition of PET has a significant positive effect on the properties of SMA and it can promote the re-use of waste material in industry in an environmentally friendly and economical way.     

基于PG的复合改性沥青路用性能对比

沥青路面低温性能是寒区沥青路面设计的主要指标之一,现有的单一改性沥青低温性能不能满足寒区沥青路面PG技术规范的要求。本研究根据黑龙江省常用道路沥青低温性能的PG试验评定结果,研究开发了几种复合改性沥青,以满足黑龙江省寒区沥青路面低温性能的要求。研究内容包括：黑龙江省沥青路面PG分区与PG_m-n标准的确定,黑龙江省道路沥青PG性能评定,复合改性沥青的研究开发与性能评定等。研究结果表明,黑龙江省道路沥青基本满足PG_m-n技术标准的高温性能要求,但均不满足PG_m-n技术标准的低温性能要求。复合改性沥青基本满足或接近黑龙江省道路沥青的PG_m-n低温性能标准。研究结果对改善黑龙江省沥青路面的低温性能具有一定的理论与实用价值。     

Recycling of plastic packaging in the United States

The manner in which recycling of plastic packaging is developing in the USA is outlined and the probable changes in the next decade are discussed. Suggestions as to how packaging professions should deal with the subject are made.     

考虑水-温循环的SBS改性沥青复数剪切模量预估模型

为探寻季节性冻土区多次水-温循环后沥青胶结料特征官能团变化与复数剪切模量之间的关系,联合FTIR和动态剪切流变（DSR）试验,对经0、3、6、9、12、15和18次水-温循环后的苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物（SBS）改性沥青进行测试,探明了多次水-温循环下SBS改性沥青复数剪切模量和特征官能团的变化规律;采用灰色关联熵分析理论数学模型,明确了复数剪切模量与特征官能团含量变化的关联程度;基于麦夸特法和通用全局优化算法对不同温度和频率下DSR测试的SBS改性沥青复数剪切模量G*及FTIR测试官能团变化指数进行多元统计回归分析,提出了SBS改性沥青复数剪切模量的预估模型。结果表明:多次水-温循环使沥青发生了水-温老化,但SBS改性剂对沥青水-温老化具有抑制作用;随着水-温循环次数的增加,沥青FTIR图谱中亚砜基与羰基呈现出明显的增大趋势;SBS改性沥青特征官能团变化对复数剪切模量影响程度由大到小的排序为脂肪族化物 > 非对称脂肪族化物 > 芳香族化合物 > SBS含量（苯乙烯+丁二烯） > 亚砜基 > 羰基;多次水-温循环后SBS改性沥青复数剪切模量随着特征官能团含量变化呈现出多元线性关系。      

Characteristics of starch-filled LLDPE plastic processed from plastic waste

In this study, rice starch-filled linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) was prepared by twin screw extrusion. The rice starch was blended in a virgin grade LLDPE and two kinds of recycled LLDPE using citric acid as a compatibilizer. It was found that the maximum content of rice starch blended into LLDPEs could not be more than 3?wt%. The ratios of starch to citric acid were 1?:?1 for extruded samples. The starch increased the melt flow index (MFI) of LLDPE, but tended to decrease the MFI of recycled LLDPE. Tensile strength and elongation at break of the LLDPE (common recycle grade) when blended with starch at 1?wt% were less by 8.2% and 9% than those of neat recycled LLDPE, respectively. Tensile strength and elongation at break of the deinked-recycled LLDPE when blended with starch at 1?wt% were less by 9.5% and 26% than those of neat deinked-recycled LLDPE, respectively.     

多聚磷酸改性沥青老化前后高温流变性能

基于动态剪切流变(DSR)试验,对老化前后三种改性沥青:多聚磷酸(PPA)改性沥青、苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)改性沥青及SBS-PPA复合改性沥青的高温性能进行分析。结果表明:在不同温度及老化作用下,与SBS改性沥青相比,PPA改性剂对沥青高温流变性能的改善更为突出,沥青中黏性成分减小,弹性成分增加。在SBS改性沥青中添加PPA可以明显增强改性沥青的弹性,降低其黏性,SBS-PPA复合改性沥青的高温性能优于SBS改性沥青。在长期老化下,PPA和SBS-PPA复合改性沥青中由储存模量G′占主导作用转变为损失模量G″占主导作用的温度转化点都较高,温度转化点:PPASBS-PPASBS。对于SBS改性沥青,温度和频率比老化作用对复数模量G*和相位角δ的影响更大,而PPA和SBS-PPA复合改性沥青受老化影响较大,随着老化程度的加深,可以在较宽的温度和频率范围内保持一定的弹性来抵抗变形。PPA改性沥青在老化前后,不同温度和频率下都具有较高的车辙因子G*/sinδ,且老化后G*/sinδ增加的最多,高温抗车辙能力更强,其次是SBS-PPA复合改性沥青。     

复合多聚磷酸改性沥青混合料疲劳性能

采用四点小梁弯曲疲劳试验方法,考虑不同试验温度和不同应变水平等因素的影响,研究多聚磷酸（PPA）-苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物（SBS）复合改性沥青混合料疲劳性能的变化规律,并与SBS改性沥青混合料进行对比。结果表明：相同条件下,PPA-SBS改性沥青混合料比SBS改性沥青混合料残留劲度模量比大,损伤因子小,稳定阶段耗散能变化率的平均值小,疲劳损伤演变小,抗疲劳性能好;同一温度下,应变水平越大,残留劲度模量比越小,损伤因子越大,耗散能变化率维持稳定阶段的平均值越大,疲劳损伤演变越剧烈,抗疲劳性能越差;同一应变水平下,15℃时沥青混合料试件的抗疲劳性能优于10℃时。