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利用有限元法建立考虑轮轨瞬态滚动接触载荷的三维滚动接触疲劳斜裂纹扩展分析模型,分析现场中成群出现的钢轨滚动接触疲劳裂纹之间的相互影响。该模型可以准确反映高频轮轨瞬态滚滑行为对裂纹载荷边界和裂纹面接触的影响,突破了以往研究中基于赫兹接触的稳态接触载荷边界假设带来的种种局限。基于实测,模型中裂纹扩展角度取典型值30°,长度和深度分别取10~20 mm和2~4 mm (长深比固定为5),考虑间距在5~20 mm范围内变化,分析多至5条裂纹共存情况下的裂尖应力场强度因子。300 km/h运行速度下的计算结果表明:相同尺寸的多裂纹共存时某一裂纹尖端的节点力相较于单裂纹时低,但多裂纹时的接触刚度更低,使得裂纹尖端附近两裂纹面间的相对位移较单裂纹更大,最终使得多裂纹工况的裂尖应力场强度因子随裂纹数量的增多而增大;对于特征尺寸(长度)为15 mm的等间距多裂纹,当裂纹间距大于5 mm时,3条裂纹共存模型即足以将裂纹间相互影响精确考虑在内,较5条裂纹共存模型的误差仅为1.7%。对于文中所研究的多裂纹,当裂纹间距大于裂纹特征尺寸时,裂纹间的相互影响可以忽略,即可采用单裂纹模型进行计算。 相似文献
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AbstractEvaluating new materials for rolling element bearings (REBs) is an expensive, time-consuming, and difficult process. This work presents a continuum damage mechanics (CDM)-based finite element model (FEM) that incorporates gradual material degradation under cyclic loading and discrete material representation to predict rolling contact fatigue (RCF) failure. The fully reversed orthogonal shear stress was considered the critical stress for the CDM RCF modeling. Torsional fatigue results available from the open literature were used to determine the critical parameters for CDM FEM. In contrast to previous modeling approaches, in this investigation the CDM material parameters were considered probabilistic in nature to represent variations in material strength or resistance to fatigue. This modification to the modeling procedure resulted in RCF life predictions that capture life scatter characteristic of the RCF phenomena for REBs. Based on the model results, a fatigue life equation was developed to corroborate the Lundberg and Palmgren (LP) theory. The results obtained from the predictive life equation generated from the CDM-based FEM using material parameters obtained from torsional fatigue results are in good agreement with the LP model. 相似文献
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In this article, a UIC60 rail with accurate geometry is studied by employing the finite element method. For this purpose, a three-dimensional elastic-plastic finite element model is conducted using model. In addition, the stress distribution of wheel-rail operation is acquired, and its effects on fatigue life are specified by damage mechanic methods. In the finite element model, the displacements and stress intensity factors (SIFs) are computed on the crack near the leading edge to calculate crack propagation trajectories and crack growth rate. The modified Paris model is used to estimate fatigue crack growth rates. 相似文献
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提出了一种新的加速超硬涂层零件滚动接触疲劳失效的实验方法,并给出了机制模型及机制分析;采用该方法,在超硬涂层材料滚动接触疲劳实验机上,对纳米超硬材料涂层轴承滚动接触疲劳失效行为开展了加速疲劳实验和常规疲劳实验的对比实验研究。实验结果表明:该方法能取得与常规疲劳实验方法疲劳行为相同的实验结果;加速疲劳实验加速比约为3,加速疲劳实验方法十分有效地节省了疲劳实验中消耗的时间。该方法是一个适应于评价超硬涂层零件滚动接触疲劳性能及研究其失效机制的新方法。 相似文献
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以GCr15Si1Mo贝氏体轴承钢为研究对象,在油润滑条件和无润滑条件下,对不同初始碳化物体积分数的试样进行滚动接触疲劳试验,采用扫描电镜观察试验前后试样的表面形貌和碳化物分布,并通过Weibull曲线确定试样滚动接触疲劳性能的优劣性。结果表明,在无润滑条件下,碳化物体积分数为1.9%的试样滚动接触疲劳性能优于碳化物体积分数为5.1%的试样。在油润滑条件下,贝氏体轴承钢的滚动接触疲劳性能的优劣性依次为:无初始碳化物试样、碳化物体积分数为5.1%试样、碳化物体积分数为1.9%试样。碳化物作为基体的硬质相,很容易成为疲劳源,无初始碳化物的贝氏体轴承钢的滚动接触疲劳性能优于有碳化物的贝氏体轴承钢;碳化物脱落后的凹坑增大了润滑油和试样表面的粘着力,有利于增加油膜厚度,从而提高滚动接触疲劳寿命。 相似文献
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水润滑条件下转速对车轮钢滚动接触疲劳和磨损性能的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为探究水润滑条件下转速对车轮钢滚动接触疲劳和磨损性能的影响,利用滚动接触摩擦磨损试验测试不同转速下车轮试样的剥离寿命、摩擦因数和磨损率,并结合磨损形貌和裂纹扩展形貌观察,对比分析不同转速下摩擦磨损和剥离寿命的影响因素。结果表明:随转速提高,车轮材料氧化程度加剧,导致摩擦因数逐渐增加;当转速由250 r/min增至500 r/min时,摩擦因数增幅较小,应变速率增加导致磨损率下降,当转速由500 r/min增至1000 r/min时,摩擦因数急剧增加,导致材料磨损率增加;随转速提高,剖面塑性流动层厚度、裂纹扩展角度、裂纹分叉深度和最大扩展深度均呈现减小趋势。转速增加带来的摩擦因数的增加,一方面缩短裂纹萌生寿命,另一方面减小了裂纹发生向上转折的深度,最终导致滚动接触疲劳寿命随转速的增加而减小。 相似文献
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对含缺陷的未预滚压和预滚压车轮钢试样分别进行滚动接触疲劳试验,观察表面缺陷的形貌变化过程,分析预滚压和缺陷尺寸对轮轨材料滚动接触疲劳性能的影响。通过有限元方法分析缺陷附近材料的应力状态,通过多轴疲劳模型分析缺陷尺寸对滚动接触疲劳裂纹萌生规律的影响。试验结果表明:由于表层材料的塑性变形,未滚压车轮试样的缺陷尺寸随滚动周次的增加而减小;超过一定周次后,由于塑性变形不再累积,缺陷尺寸基本保持不变;预滚压处理通过减小表层材料的塑性变形,可抑制缺陷尺寸的减小,从而降低车轮试样的疲劳寿命;缺陷尺寸的增加会进一步降低预滚压试样的疲劳寿命;在油润滑条件下,预滚压和表面缺陷对车轮材料摩擦磨损性能没有显著影响。仿真结果表明,当缺陷尺寸从200μm增加至400μm,最大剪应力幅值从缺陷底部转移至缺陷中部,疲劳裂纹萌生位置也随之改变。 相似文献
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制备高质量的超声速等离子喷涂Ni60A涂层,并研究该涂层的滚动接触疲劳性能及寿命。通过正交试验对Ni60A涂层的4个主要喷涂工艺参数(喷涂电压、喷涂电流、Ar气流量和喷涂距离)进行优化设计,通过分析孔隙率和显微硬度值的大小,综合评价喷涂层质量。利用Image J2x孔隙率计算软件计算涂层孔隙率,利用扫描电镜分析Ni60A粉末和喷涂层的微观结构,采用显微硬度计测定涂层的显微硬度,利用RM-1接触疲劳/磨损多功能试验机对涂层进行不同载荷条件下的接触疲劳试验,并建立Weibull失效概率图。结果表明,通过正交试验可以获得高质量的超声速等离子喷涂Ni60A涂层,超声速等离子喷涂Ni60A涂层的最优喷涂工艺参数为:喷涂电压170 V,喷涂电流370 A,Ar气流量110 L/min,喷涂距离110 mm,通过最优参数制备得到的Ni60A涂层的孔隙率为1.05%,显微硬度为1 086 HV0.2;在不同接触应力水平下,Ni60A涂层的寿命服从Weibull分布,通过Weibull失效概率图可以在一定范围内预测某一工作载荷下涂层的接触疲劳寿命。 相似文献
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滚动轴承服役过程中,因滚滑现象和残余应力的存在,使赫兹接触应力不能反映材料真实的受力状态,应力分布与实验现象存在一定的偏差,因此滚滑接触下材料的内部应力计算显得尤为重要。研究一种快速、简单的材料滚滑接触内部应力的计算方法,以替代耗时长的有限元法。以现有公式为基础,通过Matlab编程计算滚滑接触下材料内部的应力场;对比不同摩擦因数下2D、3D滚滑接触内部应力场的差别。结果表明:摩擦因数越大,最大剪切应力越大,位置越接近表面,与滚动方向的夹角越小;切向摩擦力使接触点两侧最大正交切应力大小及位置发生变化;随着摩擦因数增大,一侧应力值上升,位置靠近表面,另一侧反之。提出的计算方法简单、方便,其结果为解析解,便于与残余应力或其他应力结合求出真实应力场。通过实例分析发现,真实应力场能够更好地解释实验现象,对于轴承材料组织演变的研究有重要意义。 相似文献
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采用重力摆锤在车轮试样表面冲击出不同形貌的硌伤坑,基于改进后的MMS-2A 型微机控制摩擦磨损试验平台,研究了未硌伤车轮以及两种硌伤形貌车轮的滚动接触疲劳特性。结合ABAQUS仿真分析的车轮硌伤后残余应力分布情况,探讨了硌伤坑附近裂纹的萌生及扩展机制。结果表明:与未硌伤车轮相比,车轮硌伤处次表层材料沿踏面垂直方向上出现的残余拉应力有助于促进裂纹的萌生和扩展。相同冲击能下,球形硌伤坑附近裂纹长度和角度均大于道砟形硌伤坑附近裂纹长度和角度。球形硌伤坑边缘次表层裂纹的裂纹面较宽,并沿着45°的扩展角度向内部扩展。 相似文献
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Sina Mobasher Moghaddam 《摩擦学汇刊》2016,59(6):1142-1156
Microstructural alterations in bearing steels during rolling contact cycling have been reported in the literature for more than 60 years. These changes appear in different shapes and locations. One class of such alterations is “butterfly wings”: regions of microstructurally transitioned material that appear diagonally around nonmetallic inclusions and may serve as fatigue crack initiation sites. Over the course of the past half a century numerous experimental and multiple analytical efforts have been made to understand and model this phenomenon, yet a lot is to be discovered and understood about root causes and mechanisms leading to butterfly formation. This article presents a comprehensive overview of the crack nucleation phenomena due to butterfly formation, its characteristics, and its negative impact on bearing service life. Significant attempts that have been made to solve the problem over the past half a century are mentioned, with a focus on recent work. Unanswered dilemmas are particularly discussed to highlight avenues of future research. 相似文献
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In this study, the effects of a friction modifier (FM) on wear and rolling contact fatigue were investigated by twin-disc testing under various conditions. It was found that the contact fatigue damage occurred on the rail specimen under the FM condition and the water condition. The test under FM condition was performed under three different spraying times: 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0 s. The progress of contact fatigue damage severely increases at a spraying time of 0.2 s. Contact fatigue damage under the FM condition occurred faster than that under the water condition. Results show that the friction modifier induced a mixed condition that exists at the same time as the wet condition and the dry condition. Cracks were initiated by the traction force due to the friction of the dry condition and the crack growth rate became faster due to the fluid entrapment mechanism under the wet condition. Therefore, the amount of FM should be evaluted to avoid severe contact fatigue damage. 相似文献