Influence of PP-g-MA Compatibilization on the Mechanical and Wear Properties of Polypropylene/Thermoplastic Polyurethane Blends

Polypropylene/thermoplastic polyurethane (PP/TPU) blends of different weight ratios (75/25 and 25/75) were processed by melt blending using a maleic anhydride–grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MA) copolymer as coupling agent. The influence of the amount of the coupling agent (0, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 phr) on the mechanical, frictional, and wear properties of the blends were characterized through tensile test, three-point bending, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and ball-on-disc wear tests. PP-g-MA was found to be an effective compatibilizer for PP/TPU blends, and mechanical and wear properties of the blends were proved to be strongly impacted by the amount of coupling agent. Tensile strength of the blends tends to increase with increasing the PP-g-MA content and 9 phr is found to be optimal for both concentrations of the blends. Good miscibility of the blends with increasing compatibilizer content was also verified by DMA. From the wear test results, the compatibilizer was found to be more effective in PP₇₅/TPU₂₅ blends, in parallel with the results of the mechanical tests. The PP₇₅/TPU₂₅ blend with 11 phr PP-g-MA content was superior to the other blends. In addition, in this work, a new model based on image processing is proposed that provides accurate and fast wear rate measurement and detailed information of the wear track, especially in heterogeneous materials. Using the model, the homogeneity of the wear track widths was proved to be strongly impacted and improved by the use of a coupling agent.     

干摩擦条件下45号钢渗硫层的摩擦磨损性能试验研究

采用低温离子渗硫技术，在不同预先热处理的45号钢表面形成渗硫层，在干摩擦条件下，对渗硫试件和非渗硫试件进行了摩擦磨损试验，试验表明：经低温离子渗硫处理的试件，具有较好的减摩和耐磨作用。     

铜基复合制动材料摩擦磨损性能研究进展

我国高速列车的不断提速,对制动盘材料的性能提出了更高的要求。铜基复合制动盘材料由于具有高比刚度、高比强度、优良的高温性能,以及良好的摩擦磨损性能等优点,被认为是最有应用前景的制动盘材料。在介绍高速列车制动盘材料发展的基础上,进一步论述了铜基复合制动盘材料的构成组元、制备方法及发展历程;阐述了铜基复合制动盘材料摩擦磨损性能的研究现状;最后展望了铜基复合制动盘材料的发展趋势,为高性能铜基复合制动盘材料的研制提供参考。     

Influence of Thermal Fatigue on the Wear Behavior of Brake Discs Sliding against Organic and Semimetallic Friction Materials

ABSTRACT

In this article, brake discs are exposed to high thermal stress, causing thermal fatigue damage. The aim of this work is to study the evolution of the wear behavior of brake disc materials, such as cast iron, chromium steel, and metal matrix composites, under the influence of thermal fatigue. The brake disc specimens are heated and then cooled rapidly. Then, wear tests are carried out using a pin-on-disc-type tribometer. Organic and semimetallic friction materials are used for all wear tests. The results show that thermal fatigue affects the structure of the contact surfaces of all of the disc specimens by increasing their roughness. Furthermore, the wear rate of the friction materials increased, except a reduction of the wear rate is noted for the semimetallic friction material rubbing against cast iron. Moreover, thermal fatigue has no significant influence on the coefficient of friction. The worn surface of the metal matrix composite sliding against semimetallic friction material is characterized by abrasive and adhesive wear mechanisms.     

Sliding Friction and Wear Characteristics of Novel Graphitic Foam Materials

While the use of ORNL developed high-thermal-conductivity graphitic foam materials has been focused on thermal management applications, recent experiments have revealed their potential as bearing surfaces as well. The three primary tribological advantages are: (1) they can efficiently remove frictional heat, (2) their natural porosity can trap wear debris, and (3) their porosity can serve as a lubricant reservoir for the contact surface. A series of pin-on-disk experiments were conducted at both room temperature and 400 °C to compare the sliding friction and wear characteristics of the densified graphitic foam (mated against M-50 tool steel or against alumina) to those of conventional bearing materials like graphite, bearing bronze, poly- tetrafluoroethylene, bearing steel, and a Co-based superalloy. At room temperature and under low contact pressure, the tribological behavior of the densified graphitic foam material was comparable to that of graphite and better than that of other bearing materials. At 400 °C, traditional graphite exhibited a dusting wear regime accompanied by a high friction coefficient. In contrast, the graphitic foam demonstrated an ability to maintain low friction and wear at that temperature.     

机车牵引齿轮材料摩擦磨损性能试验研究

以某高速机车牵引齿轮材料42Cr Mo-17Cr Ni Mo6为研究对象,在销盘往复摩擦磨损试验机上研究接触载荷和相对滑动速度对其摩擦磨损性能的影响规律;利用扫描电子显微镜观察磨损表面形貌,进而分析材料摩擦磨损机制。结果表明:机车牵引齿轮材料的摩擦因数随载荷和速度的增加而降低并逐渐趋于稳定;机车牵引齿轮材料在摩擦条件下在磨损表面形成了犁沟,由于载荷和速度的增加使得犁沟间距变宽、摩擦表面更加平整,从而导致材料摩擦因数减低。     

磨损时间对金属磨损自修复的影响及机理分析

利用MMU-5G型端面摩擦磨损试验机,研究不同磨损时间对45钢－45钢摩擦副磨损表面自修复膜生成的影响及其机理,借助KYKY-2800型扫描电子显微镜测试分析摩擦副的表面和自修复层形貌及表面成分组成。结果表明,磨损时间对添加剂在磨损表面形成自修复膜影响显著;摩擦磨损时间为24h时,试样失重为零,试样磨损表面自修复膜生成;自修复膜的生成使得试样摩擦磨损表面平整光滑,可以有效降低金属磨损。     

MPX-2000型盘销式摩擦磨损试验机的改装

对ＭＰＸ－２０００盘销式摩擦磨损试验机进行改装,增添了加热及相应的控制和冷却系统。改装工作未对原试验机零件进行再加工而只添加了部分零件,从而使改装后的试验机很容易恢复原状并保证精度。改装的试验机数据最大偏差小于５％,可用于８００℃以下的摩擦磨损试验,温度偏差小于２．５％。     

SiCp/AI有机摩擦材料摩擦磨损特性研究

对20%Vol SiCp/AI复合材料与有机摩擦材料组成的摩擦副的摩擦磨损特性进行了试验研究.试验表明:该摩擦副在不同的速度情况下都具有平稳的摩擦系数.摩擦系数在一定速度范围内随速度增加而减小,而在超过一定速度后随速度增加而增大.对摩擦系数随速度变化的机理进行了讨论.     

基体材料对铜合金镶嵌轴承摩擦磨损性能的影响

在端面摩擦磨损试验机上对锡青铜、铝青铜、铝黄铜镶嵌轴承试样进行了常温下干摩擦对比实验,探讨了不同铜合金基体对镶嵌轴承摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明,锡青铜镶嵌轴承在各种实验条件下均表现出了优良的摩擦磨损性能,适合于用作轴承材料。铝黄铜和铝青铜镶嵌轴承的摩擦磨损性能较差,尤其是在载荷较大时性能更差。     

改性碳纤维增强纸基摩擦材料摩擦磨损性能

采用双-[γ-(三乙氧基硅基)丙基]四硫化物(Si69)和乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷(A151)对PAN基碳纤维(CF)进行表面改性处理,利用SEM、FTIR、EDX对改性前后的CF进行表征,测量接触角和表面能、力学性能和界面性能;通过湿法成形技术,制备不同改性CF增强聚酰亚胺纸基摩擦材料,并测试其孔隙率和摩擦学性能。结果表明:与未改性CF相比,Si69和A151能够有效地增加CF表面粗糙度,且新基团的引入使接触角变小,提高了CF表面活性,改善了纤维与树脂之间的结合力,使得A151-CF表面能增加了37.3%,Si69-CF表面能增加了109.4%,A151-CF/聚酰亚胺复合材料界面性能增加了19.1%,Si69-CF/聚酰亚胺复合材料界面性能提高了45.3%;相比未改性CF,Si69改性CF使纸基摩擦材料孔隙率下降了20.2%,A151改性CF使纸基摩擦材料孔隙率下降了8.8%;表面改性CF能够提高纸基摩擦材料的摩擦学性能,其中Si69改性CF增强纸基摩擦材料摩擦学性能优于A151改性CF增强纸基摩擦材料。     

几种人字门底枢材料的摩擦磨损性能研究

通过摩擦磨损试验和摆动试验对比考察了几种人字门底枢材料在水润滑和脂润滑条件下摩擦磨损性能,并进行摩擦磨损机制分析,选出一种综合性能较好的材料,进行一些机械性能的测试,为下一步台架模拟试验作准备。研究表明：一种新材料FZ5（3）在摩擦磨损试验和摆动试验中都表现出优异的性能,通过硬度测量、拉伸性能等试验表明其具有优良的机械性能。     

船舶艉轴机械密封材料摩擦磨损性能研究

为探究船舶艉轴机械密封用高分子材料在实际工作环境下的摩擦磨损性能,选用浇注型聚氨酯弹性体（CPU）、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）、聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯（PBT）、玻璃纤维改性聚己二酰丁二胺复合材料（GF/PA46）与玻璃纤维改性聚四氟乙烯复合材料（GF/PTFE）5种材料,在载荷为0.5 MPa,线速度为7 m/s的工况下开展摩擦磨损性能测试。结果表明：重载、高速的工况使得CPU、PET、PBT、GF/PA46材料出现了不同程度的剥落与犁沟,摩擦因数与磨损量较大;GF/PTFE材料仅出现一些相对轻微的撕裂和磨痕,相较于CPU、PET、PBT、GF/PA46材料,GF/PTFE的平均摩擦因数分别下降了66.6%、80.4%、86.1%、87.8%,单位时间磨损量分别下降了91.7%、92.7%、88.6%、97.0%,摩擦磨损性能最优。     

机械密封摩擦特性影响因素分析

机械密封的摩擦状态决定了密封性能的好坏.本文综合分析了摩擦系数及摩擦特性准数等因素对摩擦特性的影响,为机械密封的设计和摩擦状态分析提供了参考依据.     

机械合金化FeS/Cu复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

以FeS和CuSn8Ni1粉末为原料,利用机械合金化技术和粉末冶金技术制备了FeS/Cu复合材料,探讨了不同载荷情况下所制备的FeS/Cu复合材料的摩擦学性能及润滑膜与转移膜特征。结果表明：机械合金化提高了FeS与铜合金基体界面结合性能,进而提高了材料减摩耐磨性能;当载荷较小时,摩擦副表面接触不稳定,复合转移膜不连续,摩擦因数波动大;载荷较大时,复合转移膜易破损,材料的减摩耐磨性能变差;当载荷为150 N时,载荷适宜,材料表面软化,复合转移膜更加完整,摩擦因数较小。     

含碳量及硫化处理对铁基粉末冶金材料摩擦磨损性能的影响

在HDM-10型端面摩擦磨损试验机上分别进行恒定载荷与变动载荷摩擦磨损试验，考察了含碳量及硫化处理对铁基粉末冶金材料摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明：铁基粉末冶金材料中碳的质量分数选择0．6％～0．8％为宜，其组织为珠光体加少量铁素体。综合摩擦学性能最佳；硫化处理后，材料摩擦学性能获得改善，承载能力明显提高。     

气氛环境下材料摩擦磨损行为研究进展

综述了国内外近年来气氛苛刻环境条件下材料摩擦磨损行为研究成果,总结了金属及合金材料、复合材料、陶瓷材料、涂层材料等在气氛环境下的摩擦学性能及磨损机制,阐述了气氛环境材料磨损机制分析方法,提出了研究中存在的问题和今后的研究方向.     

不同润滑条件对塑料合金轴承摩擦磨损性能的影响

用MPV 2 0 0型摩擦磨损试验机对超高分子量聚乙烯 (UHMW PE)塑料合金轴承在水润滑介质不同含沙量的条件下进行了摩擦学性能测定 ,分别考察了载荷、速度以及运行时间等对合金轴承摩擦学性能的影响。为水润滑合金轴承的实际应用提供理论指导。     

水润滑复合橡胶轴承的摩擦学特性试验研究

以自来水为润滑介质 ,用 MPV- 2 0 0型摩擦磨损试验机分别研究了载荷、速度、运行时间等对 30 mm× 5 0mm复合橡胶轴承的摩擦系数和磨损率的影响 ,结果表明 :在较高载荷和较低转速下 ,形成了水膜动压润滑 ,轴承的摩擦系数和磨损率都较低。对作用机理进行了系统的分析 ,为水润滑橡胶轴承的实际应用提供理论依据     

纳米晶粉末制备复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

本文研究了用机械合金化方法制备出Ｓｉ３Ｎ４／Ｆｅ基纳米晶复合粉末，用常规粉末冶金工艺烧结出试样，测试了复合材料的常温摩擦磨损性能，并对其显微组织进行了分析，认为纳米晶的界面确实机改善Ｓｉ３Ｎ４与Ｆｅ的结合强度。