新安煤田煤与瓦斯突出特征及控制因素分析

为了掌握煤与瓦斯突出的特征和控制因素,提高煤矿防突工作的针对性,本文通过统计分析了新安煤田内义煤集团的4个煤与瓦斯突出矿井近年来发生的瓦斯动力现象,综合分析得出新安煤田煤与瓦斯突出具有以小型突出为主、突出前有预兆并受作业方式诱导、突出点附近瓦斯质量体积和瓦斯压力高、易发生在掘进工作面和煤层变化带的特征;分析总结了埋藏深度、瓦斯赋存、地质构造、煤层厚度变化、构造软煤、作业工艺是控制新安煤田煤与瓦斯突出的主要因素,为该煤田防治煤与瓦斯突出提供了理论指导.     

两软一硬煤层突出控制因素与发生规律

针对两软一硬煤层特殊的瓦斯地质条件,以云盖山井田一矿二1煤层为例,探寻了两软一硬煤层煤与瓦斯突出的控制因素,分析了掘进工作面掘进期间突出预测指标的分布特征,总结归纳了"两软一硬"煤层煤与瓦斯突出发生规律.研究结果表明,由于地质构造变动,云盖山一矿二1煤层产状变化较大,煤层倾角发生急剧变化的地带,地应力集中;受层间滑动构造的影响,煤层厚度变化较大,具有突然增厚、变薄以至尖灭、挤灭现象;二1煤层构造软煤呈连续层状发育.因此,在煤层薄、厚交接处(煤层急剧变化带),小断层附近,应力集中,瓦斯积聚,煤体破坏严重,易发生突出.此项研究,可为地质条件类似矿井开展瓦斯地质研究和瓦斯灾害防治工作提供方法借鉴和理论指导.     

平顶山十矿煤与瓦斯突出地质因素分析

随着矿井开采深度的增加,煤与瓦斯突出已愈来愈成为影响和制约生产的重要因素.为确保煤矿安全生产,作者对平顶山十矿影响突出煤层瓦斯赋存和突出的地质构造、煤层厚度的变化、煤体结构、埋藏深度等地质因素进行了分析研究,认为:地质条件对煤层瓦斯体积含量和煤与瓦斯突出的分区分带具有明显的控制作用;井田内厚度小于2 m的单一煤层一般不具突出危险性,但随着开采深度的增加有可能发生突出;戊9-10煤层分叉合并线附近为煤与瓦斯突出带,其他煤层分叉合并线附近可能形成煤与瓦斯突出危险带.     

平顶山十矿煤与瓦斯突出地质因素分析

随着矿井开采深度的增加，煤与瓦斯突出已愈来愈成为影响和制约生产的重要因素,为确保煤矿安全生产，作者对平项山十矿影响突,出煤层瓦斯赋存和突出的地质构造、煤层厚度的变化、煤体结构、埋藏深度等地质因素进行了分析研究，认为：地质条件对煤层瓦斯体积含量和煤与瓦斯突出的分区分带具有明显的控制作用；井田内厚度小于2m的单一煤层一般不具突出危险性，但随着开采深度的增加有可能发生突出；戊9-10煤层分又合并线附近为煤与瓦斯突出带，其他煤层分又合并线附近可能形成煤与瓦斯突出危险带.     

司马煤矿瓦斯地质规律研究及突出危险区预测

矿井瓦斯赋存分布规律研究涉及瓦斯风化带的确定和影响煤层瓦斯赋存的主控地质因素两个方面.结合司马煤矿煤层瓦斯情况,运用地质构造控制逐级制理论分析了矿井的瓦斯赋存特征,确定了3号煤层的瓦斯风化带、瓦斯的赋存形式及影响煤层瓦斯赋存的地质因素,揭示了3号煤层瓦斯聚集规律,分析了矿井瓦斯突出危险性指标,运用单项指标法对3号煤层煤与瓦斯突出危险区进行预测,为合理开发利用煤层瓦斯,防治煤与瓦斯突出和今后的安全生产提供了科学依据.     

平顶山十二矿煤与瓦斯突出的地质因素分析

对十二矿影响煤与瓦斯突出的井田地质构造、煤体结构、煤厚及其变化、煤层围岩等地质因素进行了分析。探讨了煤与瓦斯突出与上述地质因素之间的密切关系，为煤与瓦斯突出的预测、预报及其防治提供了依据。     

应用瓦斯地质单元法划分突出危险区域

受地质条件控制,煤与瓦斯突出的发生地点呈区域性分布,瓦斯突出区域性预测要以瓦斯地质为基础.在长虹公司地质勘探时期的瓦斯地质资料统计,以及二1煤层瓦斯基础参数测定成果的基础上,运用瓦斯地质学的研究方法总结了长虹井田二1煤层瓦斯的赋存特征和瓦斯地质规律.从瓦斯地质角度对长虹公司二1煤层煤与瓦斯的突出现象进行了分析,确定了长虹公司二1煤层煤与瓦斯突出区域预测指标及其临界值,进而将井田划为3个相互独立的瓦斯地质单元;根据瓦斯地质单元法划分突出危险区域的方法,最后对该矿的突出危险区域与非突出危险区域进行了划分.     

皖北前岭煤矿瓦斯动力现象的基本特征

总结分析了皖北前岭煤矿煤与瓦斯突出现象及其基本特征,确定了同一井田在煤层瓦斯含量等相近的条件下,煤体结构的破碎是影响煤与瓦斯突出的主要因素。提出了在煤层滑褶构造区,滑褶构造体的前端应是因局部残余构造应力集中和煤层增厚而成为煤与瓦斯的强突出区。     

禹州煤田梁北二井山西组二1煤瓦斯地质特征

勘探阶段对井田瓦斯地质特征的描述、瓦斯赋存规律的探讨以及突出危险性评价,是煤矿设计的重要依据.根据勘探阶段的资料,系统分析了禹州煤田梁北二井山西组二1煤瓦斯含量的控制因素,并对煤与瓦斯突出危险性进行了预测.研究表明:(1)开放性正断层是造成瓦斯散失的主要通道;(2)上覆地层有效厚度是控制瓦斯区域展布的主要因素,厚度越大,瓦斯含量越高;(3)顶底板为泥质岩类的区块,瓦斯含量较高;(3)深部地下水滞流区瓦斯含量高;(4)二1煤为突出危险煤层.     

台吉竖井瓦斯突出控制因素分析及突出区预测

从瓦斯地质理论角度出发,根据台吉竖井地质勘探和瓦斯地质资料的统计分析,揭示了地质构造演化对瓦斯的控制特征,探讨了控制矿井突出的瓦斯地质规律,分析了矿井瓦斯的突出因素,总结出台吉竖井煤与瓦斯突出的地质构造控制特征.指出地质构造演化影响矿井瓦斯的保存和逸散,而断裂构造与岩浆岩的侵入会造成瓦斯的局部聚集,是造成煤与瓦斯突出的两个主要因素,为预测矿井瓦斯突出危险区,防治煤与瓦斯突出和瓦斯治理工作提供了科学依据.     

深井中厚煤层突出预测敏感指标临界值研究

＂突出＂已成为我国煤矿安全生产的主要隐患之一,＂突出＂防治成为矿井安全工作的重中之重。采掘工作面突出危险性预测预报敏感指标的确定是矿井综合防突体系中重要的环节,为了有效预测及防治深部矿井工作面采掘过程中煤与瓦斯突出事故,采用理论分析、实验室分析和现场试验相结合的多种研究手段,获得了试验区13-1煤层突出预测敏感指标及其临界值,S0=6.0 kg/m,q〈4.0 L/m in.m,无突出危险;q≥8.0 L/m in.m,有突出危险;{4.0≤q〈8.0 L/m in.m}∩{Cq〉0.65}无突出危险;{4.0≤q〈8.0 L/m in.m}∩{Cq≤0.65}有突出危险。结果表明,确定的指标及其临界值合理有效,指导试验区安全掘进6 000m,并得到有效推广应用,技术经济效益显著。     

后生冲蚀对矿井瓦斯突（喷）出的控制作用

针对新景矿3号煤层冲蚀带较易引发瓦斯突（喷）出的特殊情况,对煤层段岩性组合特征进行了分类研究．认为在构造破坏不甚严重的情况下,后生冲蚀导致的煤层段岩性组合的明显差异是矿井瓦斯突（喷）出频发的主要控制因素之一．在详细研究已采区冲蚀带物性响应特征和钻孔、采掘工程揭露,理清冲蚀带宏观分布特点的基础上,依据三维地震勘探和钻孔资料对未采区冲蚀带进行了圈划,为矿井瓦斯突（喷）出预测及防治提供了依据．     

Review of coal and gas outburst in Australian underground coal mines

Outburst of coal and gas represents a significant risk to the health and safety of mine personnel working in development and longwall production face areas. There have been over 878 outburst events recorded in twenty-two Australian underground coal mines. Most outburst incidents have been associated with abnormal geological conditions.Details of Australian outburst incidents and mining experience in conditions where gas content was above current threshold levels are presented and discussed. Mining experience suggests that for gas content below 9.0 m³/t, mining in carbon dioxide (CO₂) rich seam gas conditions does not pose a greater risk of outburst than mining in CH₄ rich seam gas conditions. Mining experience also suggests that where no abnormal geological structures are present that mining in areas with gas content greater than the current accepted threshold levels can be undertaken with no discernible increase in outburst risk. The current approach to determining gas content threshold limits in Australian mines has been effective in preventing injury from outburst, however operational experience suggests the current method is overly conservative and in some cases the threshold limits are low to the point that they provide no significant reduction in outburst risk. Other factors that affect outburst risk, such as gas pressure, coal toughness and stress and geological structures are presently not incorporated into outburst threshold limits adopted in Australian mines. These factors and the development of an outburst risk index applicable to Australian underground coal mining conditions are the subject of ongoing research.     

Characteristics and dominant controlling factors of gas outburst in Huaibei coalfield and its countermeasures

In order to master the main characteristics and controlling factors of gas disasters in Huaibei coalfield, based on data analysis, experimental determination and theoretical research, we analyzed the geological evolution and gas parameters in Huaibei mining area. The results show that Huaibei coalfield is located in Xu-Su arcuate tectonic circle, and the coal seam and gas occurrence took on bipolar-distribution. The dominant controlling factors of gas outburst were tectonic structures, tectonic stress, magma intrusion and mining depth. The geological conditions of Huaibei coalfield were very complicated, and almost all the outburst accidents occurred in tectonic structure zones. The horizontal tectonic stress played a dominant role in outburst accident. The thermal evolution and trap effect of magma intrusion controlled the physical characteristics of coal, gas occurrence and outburst. With the increase of mining depth, the possibility of gas outburst accidents increased significantly. After carrying out several effective regional measurements, the gas control effect was obvious and could ensure safety and high efficiency mining in outburst coal seams.     

Pattern Recognition and Forecast of Coal and Gas Outburst

Coal and gas outburst is a complicated dynamic phenomenon in coal mines, Multi-factor Pattern Recognition is based on the relevant data obtained from research achievements of Geo-dynamic Division, With the help of spatial data management, the Neuron Network and Cluster algorithm are applied to predict the danger probability of coal and gas outburst in each cell of coal mining district. So a coal-mining district can be divided into three areas： dangerous area, minatory area, and safe area. This achievement has been successfully applied for regional prediction of coal and gas outburst in Hualnan mining area in China.     

Coal and gas outburst mechanism of the "Three Soft" coal seam in western Henan

Based on the particularities of gas outbursts,i.e.,low gas beating capacity and low gas pressure in the"Three Soft"coal seam in western Henan,we applied the theories of plate tectonics and regional structural evolution to investigate the mechanism of this seam and its impact on the coal seam gas formation.Our investigation revealed that coal and gas outbursts are distributed in a strip in a NW direction,with a number of high-penetration mines scattered towards the south side and low-gas mines largely located on the north side.We analyzed the statistics of 38 gas explosions and the rock-coal sturdiness number coefficient f of 167sampling sites in the region and found the gas outburst mechanism that features a"low indicator outburst phenomenon".The mechanism is characterized by structural coal as its core,a low gas bearing capacity,low gas pressure and sturdiness coefficient f mostly less than 0.3.Our research results provide a theoretical foundation for effective control of gas disasters.     

利民煤矿煤与瓦斯突出的地质构造条件研究

在对湖南利民煤矿煤与瓦斯弱突出区域、强突出区域和未突出区域的地质构造特征作详细分析后 ,发现煤层顶底板断 褶构造发育不协调、边界条件不一样 ,引起Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ各区的应力分布不均匀 ,构造复杂程度具一定的差异性 ;同时探讨了构造应力场和煤与瓦斯突出的关系 ,认为构造应力决定着突出强度的大小 ,进而控制煤与瓦斯突出的区域、密度、强度的差异性 .所得结论为矿区煤与瓦斯突出预测防治提供了理论依据 .     

突出矿井煤层群开采首采保护层区域消突技术实践

以突出矿井谢桥煤矿为例,介绍了煤层群开采首采保护层卸压瓦斯抽采工程设计和被保护煤层卸压瓦斯抽采效果.实践表明,谢桥矿1242(1)保护层开采实践证明,在11-2煤层有效保护范围内的13-1煤层,可充分消除其突出危险性,并有利于被保护层瓦斯治理;经保护层开采后,不仅能最大程度消除高瓦斯突出危险煤层的瓦斯事故隐患,而且极大地提高了巷道掘进速度,从而缓解了工作面接替的紧张局面,有效提高了生产效率.保护层开采区域消突技术是防治煤与瓦斯突出最经济、有效的技术措施.     

Investigations into the identification and control of outburst risk in Australian underground coal mines

Australian coal mines currently use gas content to assess outburst risk. The gas content threshold values for each mine are indirectly determined from measurement of gas volume liberated from 150 g coal samples during Q_3 residual gas content testing. It has been more than twenty years since this method, known as desorption rate index(DRI), was presented to the Australian coal industry, and in that time, there have been significant changes in mining conditions and the outburst threshold limits used at the benchmark Bulli seam mines. NSW Regulations list matters to be considered in developing control measures to manage the risk of gas outburst, and specifies that gas content, or DRI method, is used as the basis for determining outburst control zone. Whilst Queensland Regulations state that a coal or rock outburst is a high potential incident, there is no guidance provided to assist mine operators to define outburst prone conditions. A research project is planned at UOW to investigate the application of the DRI method and other potentially significant factors, such as gas pressure, coal toughness and permeability, which can be utilised by mine operators to assess outburst risk and determine appropriate outburst threshold limits and controls.     

黄岩汇煤矿瓦斯赋存规律及突出危险区域研究

为了掌握黄岩汇煤矿15号煤层瓦斯赋存规律及其突出危险性,通过井下实测瓦斯含量,运用地质构造控制理论分析了15号煤层瓦斯赋存特征及其影响因素,得出埋藏深度是控制15号煤层瓦斯含量变化的主导因素,煤层围岩对瓦斯保存起到了积极作用,断层、褶皱和陷落柱等因素对局部瓦斯分布有所影响.并在此基础上对15号煤层进行突出危险区划分,结果表明,该矿井15号煤层埋藏深度大于321m的区域为突出危险区,为防治瓦斯突出和矿井的安全生产提供了科学依据.