尼龙6/粘土纳米复合材料的性能研究进展

粘土是一种层状硅酸盐,以纳米尺寸分布在聚合物中能提高聚合物的各种性能,本文综述了尼龙6/粘土纳米复合材料在机械性能、热稳定性、阻隔性能、结晶性能和流变行为等与纯尼龙6性能相比的优越性,同时详细地论述了性能得到改善的机理。     

聚合物纳米复合材料结晶行为研究进展

综述了聚合物/粘土纳米复合材料及聚合物/刚性纳米粒子复合材料中基体树脂的结晶行为,并分析了纳米粒子影响聚合物结晶过程的机理。     

聚合物/粘土纳米复合材料的插层/解离和结晶行为研究近展

从聚合物/粘土纳米复合材料的相态结构、影响粘土插层解离和聚合物结晶行为的因素等方面对聚合物/粘土纳米复合材料的研究近况进行了综述。     

熔融插层制备聚合物／层状粘土纳米复合材料研究进展

从流变性能、加工操作过程对熔融插层制备聚合物纳米复合材料的影响、分散机理的研究进展等方面对熔融插层制备聚合物 /层状粘土进行了综述 ,并对今后的研究提出了展望。     

聚合物纳米复合材料结晶行为研究综述

综述了国内外聚合物纳米复合材料结晶行为的最新研究进展。其聚合物基体主要包括有聚丙烯、尼龙、聚苯乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯和聚乙烯等；填充的纳米粒子主要有：CaCO3、有机蒙脱土、黏土和SiO2等。同时，总结了研究聚合物纳米复合材料结晶行为的理论模型。对聚合物纳米复合材料结晶行为的研究进行了展望。     

纳米无机粒子选择性分布与迁移对聚合物共混物形态与性能的影响

综述了纳米无机粒子在聚合物合金中选择性分布的影响因素及纳米无机粒子在聚合物中分散的重要性,重点从相行为、相形态、力学性能、电学性能、流变行为、结晶和熔融行为以及光学性能等方面总结了近年来纳米无机粒子在聚合物共混物中的选择性分布与迁移对以聚合物共混物为基体的纳米复合材料的形态和性能的影响。特别强调了如何利用热力学和动力学因素调控纳米无机粒子在聚合物合金中的分布。     

PP/纳米级CaCO_3复合材料的研究

研究了纳米级CaCO3填充粒状、粉状PP复合材料的力学性能,并用SEM观察纳米级碳酸钙在PP中的分散状态及用SALS分析了其结晶行为。结果表明,粉状PP更有利于纳米级碳酸钙在PP中的分散,并具有更好的加工性能、力学性能。同时纳米级碳酸钙改性PP的SALS图像变得弥散、模糊,PP球晶变得不完善,晶粒更小。     

聚合物纳米复合材料结品行为研究综述

综述了国内外聚合物纳米复合材料结晶行为的最新研究进展.其聚合物基体主要包括有聚丙烯、尼龙、聚苯乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯和聚乙烯等;填充的纳米粒子主要有CaCO3、有机蒙脱土、黏土和SiO2等.同时,总结了研究聚合物纳米复合材料结晶行为的理论模型.对聚合物纳米复合材料结晶行为的研究进行了展望.     

双螺杆挤出机螺杆组合对聚丙烯/纳米CaCO3复合材料在线流变性能的影响

采用啮合型同向旋转双螺杆挤出机制备聚丙烯(PP)/纳米碳酸钙(nano-CaCO3)复合材料,制备过程中在双螺杆挤出机末端连接Haake在线流变仪进行在线流变性能测试。研究了两种螺杆组合结构、纳米CaCO3含量对PP/纳米CaCO3复合材料在线剪切黏度的影响,比较了在不同聚合物加工流场下PP/纳米CaCO3复合材料的在线流变性能。结果表明,引入分布混炼有利于降低复合材料的剪切黏度,复合材料剪切黏度随纳米粒子的加入先呈下降趋势,当达到某一含量后,再提高纳米粒子含量会使黏度提高。     

聚合物/粘土纳米复合材料的研究进展

聚合物 /粘土纳米复合材料因其优异性能是目前材料科学研究的热点之一。简述了聚合物 /粘土纳米复合材料的特点 ,介绍了几类聚合物 /粘土纳米复合材料的制备方法 ,展望了聚合物 /粘土纳米复合材料的应用前景     

PTT／纳米CaCO3复合材料流变行为及结晶性能研究

以毛细管流变仪研究了聚对苯二甲酸丙二酯(PTT)/纳米CaCO3复合材料的流变行为,讨论了复合材料的组成、剪切应力和剪切速率及温度对熔体流变行为、熔体黏度的影响,测定了不同配比的复合材料熔体的非牛顿指数 n。结果表明,PTT/纳米CaCO3复合材料熔体为假塑性流体,表观黏度随着剪切速率增加而降低。纳米CaCO3的加入量较少(1％)时,熔体黏度较纯PTT迅速下降;随着纳米CaCO3含量增加(2％-20％),熔体黏度随之上升,但都小于纯PTT的;直到含量为30％时,熔体黏度才超过纯PTT的。差示扫描量热仪测定复合材料的结晶和熔融性能发现,复合材料的熔体结晶温度Tpc和熔融温度Tm较纯PTT、都有所升高,说明纳米CaCO3的加入对PTT的结晶起到了异相成核作用。     

单体接枝PP包覆纳米CaCO3对PP结晶动力学的影响

采用不同单体接枝聚丙烯(PP)包覆纳米CaCO3与PP复合制备PP/纳米CaCO3复合材料,用差示扫描量热法研究了复合材料中PP的等温和非等温结晶动力学。研究结果表明,不同单体接枝PP包覆纳米CaCO3填充PP复合材料中PP的结晶温度取决于单体类型。PP复合材料的结晶速率高低顺序依次为马来酸酐,丙烯酸丁酯,丙烯酸(或苯乙烯),PP。结晶速率快的复合材料具有低的结晶活化能。     

Study of the effect of organic clay on the shear‐induced crystallization of high‐density polyethylene through dynamic‐packing injection molding

Organic nanoparticles as heterogeneous nucleators have a great effect on the crystallization of polymer matrices in nanocomposite systems, and the effect will be enhanced under shear flow. A home‐made dynamic‐packing injection molding (DPIM) device was developed to explore the effect of organic clay on the shear‐induced crystallization of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the flow‐induced crystalline structure of HDPE/clay nanocomposite injection moldings. It was found that higher crystallinity and thicker crystal planes which contribute to the improvement of mechanical properties were achieved in HDPE/clay nanocomposite samples prepared by DPIM. DSC results clearly showed that an increase of about 16% in crystallinity was achieved in dynamic HDPE/clay nanocomposite samples compared with traditional unfilled HDPE samples. WAXD confirmed that dynamic HDPE/clay nanocomposite samples had maximum crystal sizes at the (110) and (200) planes of 335 and 305 Å, respectively. SEM images indicated that the arrangement of crystalline structures in dynamic HDPE/clay samples was altered slightly compared with unfilled HDPE samples prepared using the same processing parameters. The results showed that organic clay was beneficial for increasing crystallinity and crystal size in the HDPE/clay nanocomposite system under shear flow. Meanwhile the arrangement of crystalline structures was insignificantly affected by the organic clay, and the preferred regular arrangement of lamellae could still be formed in the dynamic HDPE/clay nanocomposite system. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effect of PLA crystallization on the structure of biomimetic composites of PLA and clay

Composites of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and organoclays with clay loadings of up to 80% were prepared as self‐supporting films using a doctor‐blading approach. Depending on the properties of the used organoclay, either intercalated nanocomposites or conventional composites were obtained. The incorporation of such high amounts of clay resulted in up to 10‐fold decrease in the water vapor transmission rate when compared to the pristine polymer. The effect of clay platelets on the crystallization of PLA chains was also studied; it was found that high amounts of clay hinder only the melt crystallization of the polymer, whereas cold crystallization proceeds as usual. On the other hand, the crystallization of PLA also influenced the composite structure by increasing the extent of intercalation of polymer between clay layers. This study thus shows that the change in the extent of clay‐polymer interactions is also an important factor in controlling nanocomposite structure, especially for high loading. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

Structure and melt rheology of long‐chain branching polypropylene/clay nanocomposites

Long‐chain branching polypropylene (LCB‐PP)/clay nanocomposites were prepared by melt blending in a twin‐screw extruder. The microstructure and melt rheology of these nanocomposites were investigated using x‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, oscillatory shear rheology, and melt elongation testing. The results show that, the clay layers are intercalated by polymer molecular chains and exfoliate well in LCB‐PP matrix in the presence of maleic anhydride grafted PP. Rheological characteristics, such as higher storage modulus at low‐frequency and solid‐like plateau in tan‐ω curve, indicate that a compact and stable filler network structure is formed when clay is loaded at 4 phr (parts per hundred parts of) or higher. The response of the nanocomposite under melt extension reveals an initial decrease in the melt strength and elongational viscosity with increasing clay concentration up to 6 phr. Later, the melt strength and elongational viscosity show slight increases with further increasing clay concentration. These results might be caused by a reduction in the molecular weight of the LCB‐PP matrix and by the intercalation of LCB‐PP molecular chains into the clay layers. Increases in the melt strength and elongational viscosity for the nanocomposites with decreasing extrusion temperature are also observed, which is due to flow‐induced crystallization under lower extrusion temperature. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

HES-HEMA nanocomposite polymer hydrogels: swelling behavior and characterization

Organophilic sodium montmorillonite (Na-MMT) and Laponite-RD clays were incorporated into photopolymerizable hydroxyethyl starch (HES) modified with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). Swelling, mechanical properties and thermal stability of obtained crosslinked nanocomposite polymers were evaluated. A camphorquinone-amine system was used as photoinitiating system in visible light. The interaction between nano-sized filler particles and polymer hydrogel was evaluated by FT-IR spectroscopy and the platelet distribution was investigated by SEM. An increased thermal stability of nanocomposite polymers upon addition of clay was observed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) indicating interaction between the clay platelets and the polymer chains. The crosslinking density for HES-HEMA/MMT nanocomposite hydrogels as investigated by swelling measurements increases with increasing the organo-clay content. The mechanical properties of virgin hydrogels were improved by the introduction of organo-clay as evidenced by oscillation rheology measurements. Whereas, the increase in crosslink density and storage modulus with clay content for laponite was found to be increasing for all concentrations investigated, for MMT there is an optimum content of ca. 1.5 wt%.     

纳米CaCO3对FEP非等温结晶动力学的影响

采用熔融共混法制备了聚全氟乙丙烯（FEP）/纳米碳酸钙（nano-CaCO3）复合材料,利用差示扫描量热法研究了FEP及其复合材料的非等温结晶行为,并通过Avrami方程修正的Jeziorny法、Ozawa法以及Mo法对其非等温结晶动力学进行了处理分析。结果表明,Jeziorny法及Mo法均适用于处理FEP和FEP/nano-CaCO3的非等温结晶过程,但Ozawa法不合适;在同一降温速率下,FEP/nano-CaCO3复合材料的初始结晶温度、最大结晶温度均比相应的纯FEP高,且半结晶时间延长,这说明nano-CaCO3对FEP具有一定的诱导和促进成核的作用,但由于FEP/nano-CaCO3复合材料的长链分子结构及大的空间位垒导致FEP的结晶总速率下降。     

纳米CaCO3/PVC复合材料结构形态与冲击性能

对改性纳米CaCO3/PVC复合材料进行冲击强度的测试。结果表明，改性纳米CaCO3可提高PVC复合材料的裂缝引发能和裂缝增长能，其中裂缝增长能的提高尤为明显。复合材料的单缺口冲击强度达到81.1kJ.m^-2。用透射电子显微镜及扫描电子显微镜观察了纲米纳米CaCO3/PVC复合材料的微观结构及断面形态，发现表面改性后纳米CaCO3在PVC基体中达到了纳米级的分散，复合材料的断面产生了大量的网丝状结构。复合材料的微观结构进一步证实了纳米纳米CaCO3对PVC基体的显著增韧作用。     

用甲基丙烯酸原位改性纳米碳酸钙填充三元乙丙橡胶Ⅲ.应力软化效应和应力弛豫

用甲基丙烯酸(MAA)原位改性纳米碳酸钙填充三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM),制备了纳米碳酸钙增强EPDM硫化胶。考察了MAA对纳米碳酸钙增强EPDM硫化胶的应力软化效应及应力弛豫行为,并与未改性纳米碳酸钙、炭黑及白炭黑增强EPDM硫化胶的应力软化效应和应力弛豫行为进行了比较;用并联的Maxwell模型对应力弛豫行为进行了数学模拟。结果表明,MAA加剧了纳米碳酸钙增强EPDM的应力软化效应和应力弛豫行为。与其他3种填料相比,MAA原位改性纳米碳酸钙增强EPDM的应力软化效应更为显著,且其应力在室温停放后不能像其他填料增强EPDM那样得到明显恢复;MAA原位改性纳米碳酸钙增强EPDM的应力弛豫速率更快,应力弛豫程度也更大;并联Maxwell模型可以模拟未改性纳米碳酸钙、MAA原位改性纳米碳酸钙、炭黑及白炭黑增强EPDM的应力弛豫行为。     

Bottle‐to‐bottle recycling of PET via nanostructure formation by melt intercalation in twin screw compounder: Improved thermal,barrier, and microbiological properties

Attempts have been made to modify the properties of the injection processing‐scraped PET (denoted as RPET) via intercalation with different levels of organically modified nanoclay (montmorillonite) by melt blending in a corotating twin screw compounder. The clay platelets dispersion state has been qualitatively correlated with the melt linear viscoelastic as well as tensile and barrier properties of the prepared nanocomposites. Oxygen permeation of the nanocomposite PET films showed significant reduction compared with the pristine PET polymer. All the PET/nanoclay composites exhibited no bacterial growth, with no potentiality to generate acetaldehyde, as measured by GC/Mass analyzer. X‐ray diffractometry and transmission electron microscopy performed on the scraped PET/organoclay nanocomposite samples showed increase in d₀₀₁ spacing of the clay layers and their dispersion throughout the PET matrix. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis showed higher crystallization temperature as well as crystallization enthalpy (ΔH_c) for the nanocomposite samples, compared with the unprocessed virgin PET. The RPET nanocomposite samples composed of 3 and 5% of nanoclay exhibited enhanced melt elastic modulus and pseudosolid‐like behavior at low shear frequencies measured by rheomechanical spectroscopy than the unfilled pristine‐scraped PET, indicating the formation of nanoscopic network structure by the clay platelets, which leads to the development of nanostructured resin. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007