相容剂对长玻纤增强热塑性聚氨酯弹性体/聚乳酸复合材料性能的影响

采用熔体浸渍工艺制备长玻纤增强热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)/聚乳酸(PLA)复合材料;以苯乙烯-丙烯腈接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(SAG)作为相容剂,热塑性弹性体聚氨酯作为增韧剂,聚乳酸为基体树脂,考察苯乙烯-丙烯腈接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯用量对长玻璃纤维增强聚TPU/PLA复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,加入苯乙烯-丙烯腈接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯能改善长玻璃纤维增强聚TPU/PLA复合材料的相容性;长玻璃纤维增强聚TPU/PLA复合材料的拉伸强度、缺口冲击强度、弯曲强度和模量等力学性能及储能模量随着苯乙烯-丙烯腈接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯用量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,而长玻璃纤维增强聚TPU/PLA复合材料的损耗因子则随苯乙烯-丙烯腈接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯含量的增加呈现降低后增加的趋势;通过复合材料的形态分析表明,加入相容剂的复合材料中玻璃纤维与基体树脂界面强度增加,且玻璃纤维表面有一层包覆的树脂基体;通过分析得出,当相容剂添加量为6%时,长玻璃纤维增强聚TPU/PLA复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和模量、缺口冲击强度等力学性能最优。     

氢化度与丙烯腈含量对HNBR硫化胶性能的影响

研究了氢化度和丙烯腈含量对氢化丁腈橡胶(HNBR)硫化特性、力学性能、热老化性能以及热性能的影响。利用核磁共振(NMR)考察了不同型号HNBR橡胶的交联性能;并采用凝胶色谱法(GPC)对生胶的分子量和分子量分布进行了测定,给出了橡胶门尼黏度与其分子量和分子量分布之间的关系。结果表明,随着氢化度与丙烯腈含量的增加,Tg升高;硫化胶的交联密度随着不饱和度和丙烯腈含量的增加而增加;氢化度升高,硫化胶的拉伸强度变化不大,扯断伸长率和撕裂强度降低,100%定伸增加;丙烯腈含量升高,硫化胶的拉伸强度、撕裂强度和100%定伸提高,扯断伸长率变化不大。     

PVC/α-MSAN/ABS共混物的力学性能与形态结构

采用熔融共混的方法将聚氯乙烯(PVC)树脂、α-甲基苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物(α-MSAN)和丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯接枝共聚物(ABS)共混,通过改变共混物的组成,制备了一系列不同橡胶含量和基体组成的PVC/α-MSAN/ABS共混物,研究了共混物的力学性能及形变机理。结果发现,随着基体树脂中PVC含量的增加,共混物的冲击韧性显著提高,而拉伸强度逐渐降低,同时促使共混物发生脆韧转变所需的橡胶含量逐渐减少。形态结构研究表明,由于基体树脂链缠结密度的增加,共混物的形变机理逐渐由银纹向剪切屈服转变,进而导致体系韧性的增加。     

丙烯腈含量对PVC/ASA共混物结构与性能的影响

采用种子乳液聚合技术在聚丙烯酸丁酯(PBA)上接枝共聚单体苯乙烯(St)和丙烯腈(AN),分别合成了橡胶含量为30%的一系列不同丙烯腈含量的ASA共聚物,将其与聚氯乙烯(PVC)熔融共混,形成PVC/ASA共混物,考察不同AN含量对PVC/ASA结构与性能的影响。结果发现,随着AN含量的增加,PVC/ASA的冲击强度呈现先增大后减小的趋势,当AN含量为37%时,冲击强度达到最大值。而拉伸强度和断裂伸长率随着AN含量的增加而增大。形态结构研究结果表明尽管改变AN含量,PVC/ASA均为不相容体系,这与动态力学性能及力学性能的结果相一致。     

聚碳酸酯/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯复合材料的力学性能敏感度

研究了丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)与相容剂甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丁二烯和苯乙烯三元共聚物(MBS)对聚碳酸酯(PC)/ABS复合材料的拉伸强度及其熔接痕敏感度与冲击厚度敏感度的影响。结果表明,随ABS含量的增加,相容相苯乙烯-丙烯腈(SAN)与橡胶相丁二烯(PB)共同作用,使得体系的拉伸强度逐渐降低,拉伸强度因子呈现先微弱增加、后减小、再增加的趋势,并在ABS含量为10%时获得最大值;冲击厚度因子在PC或ABS出现严重聚集态时表现出最强烈的厚度敏感性。同时,MBS能显著增加PC与ABS两相的相容性,降低拉伸强度对熔接痕的敏感程度。     

RGO/ABS/EPDM复合材料的制备及性能研究

采用改进的Hummer法合成氧化石墨烯(GO),将GO进行热还原得到还原氧化石墨烯(RGO),并通过直接熔融密炼法制备石墨烯/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯/三元乙丙橡胶(RGO/ABS/EPDM)复合材料。采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、四探针法等分析手段对复合材料表面形貌、微观结构、导电性能和力学性能进行了表征。结果表明:RGO优先分散于丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯聚合物(ABS)中,且热还原得到的RGO有效地提高了复合材料的力学性能和导电性能; RGO添加量为2. 5%(wt,质量分数,下同)时,复合材料拉伸强度提高74. 8%,缺口冲击强度提高4. 6%; RGO添加量为1. 5%时,复合材料缺口冲击强度最大,提高19. 8%;随着RGO添加量的增加,复合材料电阻率逐渐下降,当RGO添加量达到2. 5%时,复合材料电阻率下降趋势变缓。     

AAS核壳结构共聚物的制备及其改性SAN树脂的性能

随着社会对环保问题的关注,乳液聚合用于脆性聚合物的改性研究越来越受到重视。文中采用种子乳液聚合方法制备了核壳结构聚丙烯酸丁酯/苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物(PBA/AS,简称AAS),单体总转化率达99.35%,乳胶粒理论粒径与实测值基本一致,说明该体系没有明显的二次成核过程。当乳胶粒粒径在326 nm、橡胶质量分数为15%时,AAS改性苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物的共混体系发生明显的脆-韧转变,而拉伸强度保持较高的值。DMA谱图表明,随橡胶相含量的增大,两相转变峰越来越接近,相容性提高;SEM观察证实了这种力学性能的转变。     

ABS材料在若羌地区典型环境中的自然老化行为分析

通过凝胶渗透色谱、红外光谱、白度和力学性能分析,研究了丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯聚合物(ABS)材料从2012年夏季始12个月内在中国新疆若羌地区典型暖温带大陆性荒漠干旱气候下的自然老化行为。结果表明,在户外曝露1个月后,ABS结构中产生羰基、羟基等含氧基团,相对分子质量降低,表面黄化,材料由韧性破坏转变为脆性破坏。随着曝露时间的延长,白度不断降低,羰基、羟基含量增加,分子链断裂加剧,拉伸强度、冲击强度逐渐减小。曝露12个月后,拉伸强度和冲击强度分别降低了43%和34%。     

丙烯酸酯类共聚物与纳米CaCO3协同改性聚碳酸酯/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯三元共聚物合金

研究了聚碳酸酯(PC)/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯三元共聚物(ABS)组分配比对合金性能的影响;丙烯酸酯类共聚物(ACR)、纳米CaCO3单独使用与复配对PC/ABS合金性能的影响,并采用电子扫描电镜观察其微观结构。结果发现,随着PC用量的增加,冲击强度与断裂拉伸应变先降后升再降,PC质量分数在50%~60%,出现极大值,拉伸强度先降后升再降再升;随着ACR用量的增加,冲击强度与断裂拉伸应变先升后降,ACR质量分数在5%左右时,出现极大值,拉伸强度呈下降趋势;随着纳米CaCO3用量的增加,冲击强度与拉伸强度先升后降,断裂拉伸应变急剧下降,质量分数在4%左右时,综合性能优异;ACR与纳米CaCO3复配使用时,材料性能明显优于单独使用,当纳米CaCO3质量分数为4%,ACR质量分数为5%时,拉伸强度可达59 MPa,冲击强度可达108 kJ/m2;通过扫描电镜照片发现,ACR改善了纳米CaCO3的界面结合与分散状况。     

γ射线辐照对PA6/PTFE合金吸水与力学性能的影响

为了探讨辐照对尼龙6(PA6)基共混材料吸水性能和力学性能的影响,制备了PA6和聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)共混合金并在室温下进行不同剂量的60Coγ射线辐照.通过吸水率测试、准静态拉伸和弯曲实验以及缺口冲击测试,研究了辐照对PA6/PTFE共混体系吸水性能以及吸收水和辐照剂量对共混合金动静态力学性能的影响.结果表明,辐照过程引发交联反应,共混合金的拉伸强度、拉伸模量和弯曲模量均随辐照剂量的增大而增大,而缺口冲击强度和吸水率则随之减小.吸收水对共混合金缺口冲击强度的影响与合金组分有关.PTFE含量较低时,吸收水抑制PTFE对合金冲击强度的减弱作用;当PTFE的质量分数大于7%时,吸收水反而加剧PTFE对材料冲击强度的减弱效应.此外,PA6/PTFE合金的吸水率随PTFE含量的增加而降低,而弯曲模量则先增后减.     

改性纳米碱式氯化镁晶须填充ABS/PP复合材料的力学性能

本文通过熔融共混法在接枝了PMMA的碱式氯化镁（g-BMC）表面包覆TPE橡胶层,制得BMC母料,再将其与PP、ABS共混复合制备出ABS/PP复合材料,分别考察了BMC母料、g-BMC以及PP三者不同添加量对复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,在试验用量范围内,BMC/ABS复合材料的冲击强度和熔融指数随着BMC填料含量的增加而增大。当BMC母料含量为15%,g-BMC含量为55%时具有较好的冲击性能;当PP含量为9%-10%时,BMC/PP/ABS复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度最好;BMC填料含量对复合材料的拉伸强度影响较小,但随其用量增加复合材料的冲击强度有明显提高。     

Improvement of impact property of natural fiber–polypropylene composite by using natural rubber and EPDM rubber

In this research, vetiver grass was used as a filler in polypropylene (PP) composite. Chemical treatment was done to modify fiber surface. Natural rubber (NR) and Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) rubber at various contents were used as an impact modifier for the composites. The composites were prepared by using an injection molding. Rheological, morphological and mechanical properties of PP and PP composites with and without NR or EPDM were studied. Adding NR or EPDM to PP composites, a significant increase in the impact strength and elongation at break is observed in the PP composite with rubber content more than 20% by weight. However, the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the PP composites decrease with increasing rubber contents. Nevertheless, the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the composites with rubber contents up to 10% are still higher than those of PP. Moreover, comparisons between NR and EPDM rubber on the mechanical properties of the PP composites were elucidated. The PP composites with EPDM rubber show slightly higher tensile strength and impact strength than the PP composites with NR.     

The reinforcing effect of graphene nanosheets on the cryogenic mechanical properties of epoxy resins

The reinforcing effect of graphene in enhancing the cryogenic tensile and impact properties of epoxy composites is examined at a weight fraction of 0.05–0.50%. The micro-structure and cryogenic mechanical properties of the graphene/epoxy composites are investigated using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering and mechanical testing techniques. The results show that the graphene dispersion in the epoxy matrix is good at low contents while its aggregation takes place and becomes severer as its content increases. And the cryogenic tensile and impact strength at liquid nitrogen temperature (77 K) of the composites are effectively improved by the graphene addition at proper contents. The cryogenic Young’s modulus increases almost linearly with increasing the graphene content. Moreover, the results for the mechanical properties at room temperature (298 K) of the graphene/epoxy composites are also presented for the purpose of comparison.     

Dynamic compressive and splitting tensile properties of concrete containing recycled tyre rubber under high strain rates

In order to raise the efficiency of resource utilization, recycling waste rubber particles into concrete as aggregate has been widely accepted. When the size and content of the rubber particles are appropriate, rubberized concrete can achieve many excellent properties. This study investigated the impact of rubber replacement on dynamic compressive and splitting tensile properties of concrete. The split Hopkinson pressure bar tests of rubberized concrete containing 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% volume replacement for sand were completed. The failure modes, stress curves and dynamic strength values of rubberized concrete under high strain rates were recorded. The results reveal that the dynamic compressive and splitting tensile strength of rubberized concrete decrease with increasing rubber content. Meanwhile, peak strain increases with increasing rubber content. Dynamic increase factors (DIFs) of compressive and splitting tensile strength also were calculated, where rubberized concrete shows a stronger strain rate sensitivity. The analysis of specific energy absorption illustrates that rubberized concrete with 15% rubber replacement has the best impact toughness. In addition, ratios of dynamic compressive–tensile strength of rubberized concrete were calculated, which are between 3.82 and 5.39.     

温湿度和紫外老化对纸浆模塑材料性能的影响

目的 研究温度、湿度和紫外老化对脱木素和未脱木素纸浆模塑材料性能的影响,定量地对比不同因素作用下2种材料的力学性能差异。方法 以废纸浆为原料,经打浆、脱木素、湿成型、热压等工艺制得脱木素和未脱木素等2种纸浆模塑材料;模拟不同的温湿度和紫外老化环境,测试2种纸浆模塑材料物理力学性能的变化。结果 在同等条件下,脱木素材料的拉伸强度与弯曲强度均高于未脱木素材料;2种材料的拉伸强度、弹性模量和弯曲强度随着含水率升高而大幅降低;当温度为20 ℃、含水率为0~40%时,脱木素材料的拉伸强度下降了45 MPa,未脱木素材料的拉伸强度下降了35 MPa。当温度为0 ℃、含水率为0~40%时,脱木素材料的弯曲强度下降了70 MPa,未脱木素材料的弯曲强度降低了62 MPa;当含水率低于20%时,脱木素材料的拉伸性能和弯曲性能更易受到温度影响;虽然2种材料的拉伸性能和弯曲性能均随着紫外老化时间的延长而不断降低,但其影响程度远小于温湿度。结论 湿度对材料的力学性能影响最大,其次是温度和紫外老化;脱去木素有利于提高纸浆模塑材料的力学性能和抗紫外老化性能。     

氯化聚氯乙烯的增韧改性

研究了不同结构的弹性粒子——ABS、CPE、ACR对氯化聚氯乙烯(CPVC)力学性能的影响。研究表明,三种弹性粒子均能有效地改善CPVC的冲击强度,提高其断裂伸长率,如在CPVC中加入12 phr的ABS,其冲击强度可增加177.7%。但同时,材料的拉伸强度受损。CPE-ABS和CPE-ACR二元复合弹性体对CPVC有较好的协同增韧作用。加入二元复合弹性体后,体系的断裂机制将发生脆-韧转变。     

Novel bacterial cellulose–acrylic resin nanocomposites

The preparation and characterization of new nanocomposite films based on two acrylic emulsions, composed of random copolymers of butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate, and bacterial cellulose is reported. The new composite materials were obtained through a simple and green approach by casting water-based suspensions of the acrylic emulsions and bacterial cellulose nanofibrils. The excellent compatibility between these matrices and the natural reinforcing fibers, observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), was reflected in the enhanced thermal and mechanical properties of the ensuing composites. Thus, an increase of around 30 °C in the maximum degradation temperature was observed for a 10% content of bacterial cellulose. The new composites showed glass–rubber transition temperature profiles comparable to those of the pristine matrices, as shown by DMA, and increasing elastic moduli with increasing the bacterial cellulose content. The tensile tests revealed a substantial increase in Young’s modulus and tensile strength and a corresponding decrease in elongation at break with increasing bacterial cellulose load.     

阴离子聚合尼龙6/ABS合金的制备与性能

采用缩二脲（HDI）封端端羟基丁腈橡胶预聚物,制备大分子橡胶改性活化剂,以氢氧化钠为催化剂,选择不同配比的ABS树脂加入熔融己内酰胺单体中,确定聚合温度为160℃~180℃,通过阴离子聚合制得ABS/尼龙6（PA6）共混物。在原位合成ABS改性尼龙体系中,以橡胶改性剂作为ABS与尼龙的相容剂,当ABS用量为m（ABS）...     

共混型高耐热ABS合金的研制

以ABS树脂为基体,加入短玻璃纤维提高了材料的耐热性,但冲击强度下降,进一步引入与ABS相容性很好的苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物（SMA）,发现ABS与玻璃纤维间产生了强有力的界面粘合,在SMA含量7%时,显著的提高了ABS/玻纤体系的耐热性、冲击强度和拉伸强度,再进一步引入适量的刚性丙烯酸酯类聚合物,使ABS/玻纤/SMA体系的耐热性又有所提高,令人惊奇的是,在丙烯酸酯类聚合物含量为30%时,体系的冲击性能也明显增加,这归功于刚性有机填料对体系的冷拉增韧效果,最终成功研制出一种高耐热、综合性能优良的ABS/改性剂/玻纤共混合金。     

SAN树脂相对分子量的连续变化对ABS树脂力学性能的影响

通过乳液聚合方法合成了一系列相时分子量连续变化的SAN树脂。将其与同一种PB-g-SAN接枝共聚物进行熔融共混,测试了制得的ABS树脂的力学性能。测试结果表明．合成过程中分子量调节剂TDDM用量越多,SAN树脂的相对分子量越低,SAN树脂的熔体流动速率越高。以相同橡胶含量共混制得的ABS树脂的冲击强度越高,拉伸强度和断裂伸长率也越高。系统考察SAN树脂相对分子量的变化时制得的ABS树脂力学性能的影响,时生产特种牌号ABS树脂具有借鉴作用。