浅谈离子膜法电解整流装置的配置

离子膜电槽由于膜的特性和面积,电槽的结构,单元数量及组合方式等不同,其设计电流密度和运行直流电流亦不同。因此,在生产规模一定的条件下,槽型不同,电解回路数以及运行直流电压,直流电流各不相同。与此相关的整流装置参数也不相同。离子膜电槽总体上可分成单极式和复     

离子膜电解单元槽电压升高的原因分析

从进槽盐水、阴极液浓度、阳极液浓度、电流密度、电解液温度等操作指标以及电槽结构阳极、阴极等角度分析了引起离子膜电解槽电压升高的原因和降低槽电压应采取的措施：严格控制进槽盐水、阴极液、阳极液浓度、电流密度、电解液温度、进料纯水质量等操作指标在规定范围之内；保持电槽不能开焊；对电槽加酸，膜漏要及时换膜，减少电槽停车次数；清洗阴极表面时，防止把活性涂层刷掉，阴极管路、设备要选用高质量材质，以避免铁在阴极表面沉积。     

Flemion865 MIRI与Nafion NX966膜使用情况

我厂DENORA离子膜电解装置采用30DD350复极式电解槽，每台30个单元、单元槽活性面积3．5m2，自然循环，操作电流密度3．57kA／m2。10台精使用NafionNX966膜（简称N966），2台使用Flemion865MIRI膜（简称F865）。N966是以磺酸基为复合膜，水迁移数较高，强度好。F865膜是以羧酸为主的复合膜根据两种膜的储存、预溶胀、安装及使用的各自要求，上槽运行，一年后两种膜的使用结果如下。1膜损坏F865膜损坏67张，最严重的一张裂口长43cm，N966膜损坏7张，最严重的一张裂口长5cm。2招电压使用F865膜单元槽电压明显低于使用N966膜的单元槽…     

加强管理保证电槽平稳运行

介绍了4万t／a离子膜运行1年多的倩况，指出影响离子膜电槽运行的主要因素有盐水质量、阳极液PH值、电流密度、电槽温度、阳极液浓度、阴极液浓度和槽压差等，认为只有严格管理，遵守操作方法，才能保证离子膜电槽平稳运行。     

ML130型离子膜电解槽换膜检修总结

详细介绍了ML130型复极式离子交换膜电解槽换膜检修的全过程：清理并检查单元槽，粘贴单元槽垫片，涂覆脱膜剂。安装离子膜和单元槽软管。针对检修中发现的问题，提出应对措施，保证离于膜电解槽长期高效稳定运行。     

40万t/a离子膜烧碱电解节能技术的应用

分析了离子膜烧碱生产中能耗高的原因,研究应用了阳极液pH值阶梯加酸自动调控、单元槽数字化诊断控制技术,实现了阳极液进出口p H值的精确控制,减少了副反应,延长了离子膜寿命;应用了电解槽在线隔槽稳压技术,实现了运行状态下单台电解槽在线安全并、撤网,避免了压差不稳造成系统跳车;通过分析测定高电流密度下槽电压的变化趋势,及时发现离子膜破损、泄漏等,提高了电流效率。     

3种高电流密度离子膜电解槽的性能对比与介绍

目前离子膜电解槽的发展方向为复极、自然循环、高电流密度、低电耗，伍德诺拉公司BM2．7-Ⅲ型槽、美国西方化学公司ExL^B-65槽、日本氯工程公司BiTAC-858槽即具有这些先进性能。对这3种槽进行了介绍与对比。     

高电流密度离子膜电解槽膜极距试验总结

分析槽电压的影响因素,从理论上说明极间距近,可以大幅度降低槽电压.高电流密度离子膜电解槽部分单元槽的膜极距改造试验,说明改造1台电解槽可节约电费421 478.64 元/a,提出了在此类电解槽上进行大规模改造的建议.     

如何降低离子膜法制烧碱的电能消耗

如何降低离子膜法制烧碱的电能消耗为降低离子膜法制烧碱的电能消耗，首先是要优化电解槽，其中包括选择合适的电极材料、槽型结构（阴、阳极距、良好的断电、绝缘）、电流密度的选择等。这些与一般隔膜电槽的原则是大同小异。其次是通过优化膜来降低电耗。就我厂情况提出...     

离子膜法电解槽扩能改造后的运行总结

陕西金泰氯碱化工有限公司旭化成电解槽换离子膜后电解槽电压上升,吨碱电耗增加,电流效率下降。从二次盐水品质、进槽盐酸控制、停车次数及离子膜本身的老化、单元槽和离子膜运行时间等角度,分析了槽电压上升、电流效率下降的原因,为电解槽系统改造提供了有力的证据。     

乙苯,苯乙烯的生产及合成乙苯,苯乙烯催化剂的研究进展

苯乙烯是重要的石油化工原料。本文介绍了国内外苯乙烯生产的发展概况，合成乙苯，苯乙烯所用的催化剂种类，并就苯乙烯生产及催化剂的发展趋势提出了自己的观点。     

Synthesis and characterization of homopolymers and copolymers of various acrylates and acrylonitrile

Various homopolymers and copolymers of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and acrylonitrile in different feed ratios were synthesized. These were characterized by IR, ¹³C-NMR, DSC, DTA, and TGA. Spectroscopic characterization helped in differentiating copolymers of different mol ratios. Thermal analysis revealed different degradation patterns for homopolymers and copolymers. The temperature and energy changes associated with various phase transitions were dependent on the chemical composition of homo- and copolymers, as expected. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

生物质气化及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用

总结了生物质原料的特点及生物质单独气化的缺点;介绍了国内外生物质气化技术及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用现状;分析了在此领域国内外的发展趋势与前景;概括了开展生物质与煤共气化技术研发的意义。     

Electronic structures and reactivities of monometallic and bimetallic clusters of Au and Cu

The variation of the Au 4f binding energy of Au clusters with the cluster size has been established by measuring the binding energies of clusters whose size distributions were independently determined by HREM and STM. The binding energy increases significantly when the cluster size is less than 2 nm. Au-Cu bimetallic clusters of the composition Cu₃Au have been deposited for the first time on carbon substrates. The shifts in the core level binding energies of the bimetallic clusters show the effect of alloying in the case of large clusters, but show effects of both alloying and cluster size in the case of the small clusters. The interaction of CO with Cu₃Au clusters is stronger than with a bulk Cu metal. The interaction of CO with small Cu clusters also seems to be stronger than with bulk Cu or with large Cu clusters.     

钾盐资源及钾肥供需情况分析及预测

阐述了国内外钾盐资源及钾肥生产现状,对国内外钾盐的供需形势进行了分析及预测,从资源、原材料、国际市场三方面提出了解决我国钾盐短缺的措施。     

Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Mono- and Polyacetals

Abstract

Kinetics and mechanisms of oxidation of 6 acetals by molecular oxygen and ozone in liquid phase have been studied. Reaction with molecular oxygen (70°C, 15–16 hr) leads to the formation monoethers of the corresponding glycols with 68–90% selectivity. Salts of metals and complexes with crown-ethers have increased the reaction rate significally. Ozone have reacted with acetals with formation similar products. The mechanisms of intermediate stages have been proposed.     

Comparison of the Adhesion and Cohesion of Triblock and Random Copolymers of Styrene and Butadiene

A substantially greater detachment energy is required to strip a polyethylene tereph-thalate (Mylar) film from a styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) triblock copolymer compared to that for peeling from a random styrene-butadiene (SBR) copolymer. This is true even though the intrinsic interaction between the Mylar and each elastomer is expected to be similar because of their virtually identical chemical composition. It is proposed that this difference in peel strength (between the SBS and SBR) is a consequence of the much higher dissipative capacity of the former elastomer. Another manifestation of this is the higher cohesive tear strength of the SBS compared to the SBR. Extents of energy dissipation within each elastomer during detachment of the Mylar adherend are consistent with the hypothesis that the average maximum stress experience before detachment is some similar fraction of each elastomer's tensile strength.     

Wetting properties of homopolymers and copolymers of pentafluorostyrene and methylacrylate and homopolymer blends

Polypentafluorostyrene (PPFS), polymethylacrylate (PMA), and poly(pentafluorostyrene-co-methylacrylate), poly(PFS-co-MA) were prepared and the wetting characteristics of polymer blends of PPFS and PMA were compared with that of poly(PFS-co-MA) via contact angle measurements. The critical surface tension of polypentafluorostyrene was found to be 22.6 dyne/cm, which is comparable to the value reported for polytrifluoroethylene (22 dyne/cm). The critical surface tension of poly(PFS-co-MA) is not linearly related to its composition. The polymer blends of PPFS and PMA exhibit significant surface enrichment of the fluoropolymer. The harmonic-mean method¹ was employed to determine surface tensions of these polymers and many known polymers. It is found that the method produces useful surface tension data provided the contact angle values are derived from testing liquids of dissimilar polarity.     

实施水泵节能技改 实现节能降耗

介绍了内蒙古亿利化学工业有限公司在满足生产的前提下,对现有的循环水泵实施的节能技改及效果。     

泡沫起泡性、稳定性及评价方法

本文论述了泡沫的两个基本性质:起泡性和稳定性。对起泡性和提高泡沫稳定性的方法作了评价。