上下采空区巷道围岩力学特征及支护技术

潘三矿西翼-810 m皮带机大巷（西二～西三段）受上下采空区的影响,其所处的工程条件复杂,巷道支护困难。对此,建立理论模型,对巷道围岩力学状态进行分析,得出围岩应力和损伤破裂半径的表达式。分析了在上下采空区的影响下,岩体卸压扰动和强度劣化对塑性损伤区及松动破裂区半径的影响。提出了锚网＋锚索桁架＋喷浆＋注浆锚索注浆的复合支护技术,为上下采空区影响下的巷道提供一些支护指导。     

Influence of dynamic pressure on deep underground soft rock roadway support and its application

Due to high ground stress and mining disturbance, the deformation and failure of deep soft rock roadway is serious, and invalidation of the anchor net-anchor cable supporting structure occurs. The failure characteristics of roadways revealed with the help of the ground pressure monitoring. Theoretical analysis was adopted to analyze the influence of mining disturbance on stress distribution in surrounding rock,and the change of stress was also calculated. Considering the change of stress in surrounding rock of bottom extraction roadway, the displacement, plastic zone and distribution law of principal stress difference under different support schemes were studied by means of FLAC3D. The supporting scheme of U-shaped steel was proposed for bottom extraction roadway that underwent mining disturbance. We carried out a similarity model test to verify the effect of support in dynamic pressure. Monitoring results demonstrated the change rules of deformation and stress of surrounding rock in different supporting schemes. The supporting scheme of U-shaped steel had an effective control on deformation of surrounding rock. The scheme was successfully applied in underground engineering practice, and achieved good technical and economic benefits.     

深井回采巷道底板岩体破坏运移特征与控制

随着开采深度的增加,矿井巷道底臌问题愈趋严重.针对深井巷道底臌问题,利用弹塑性力学理论计算了巷道底板岩层的抗弯刚度和压曲临界载荷,得出了不同深度、不同底板厚度情况下的压曲临界载荷曲线;以滑移线场理论为基础,对深井巷道底板岩体滑动区域和滑动路径进行分析,将成果应用于实践,提出了底臌控制具体参数及施工建议.     

岩石动静态参数间关系的研究

岩石由矿物颗粒组成,内部存在弱面、裂隙等结构,并非线弹性材料,动静态参数之间并没有确定的力学关系.含有大量裂隙的砂岩、煤等软弱岩石,动态模量大于平均模量;大理岩的动态模量大于变形模量,但与平均模量的关系较为复杂;火成岩及其变质岩,动态模量可以小于变形模量.动态泊松比对波速极端敏感,与静态参数没有明确的关系.现场取回岩块已经卸载、脱水,岩样加工也会对材料产生损伤,内部出现张开裂隙,超声波速度降低.如某大理岩矿岩墙端头所测纵波速度的平均值就大于室内岩样纵波速度的最大值,因而以岩体与岩样纵波速度的比值评价岩体完整性将偏于不安全.     

巷道与上部煤层间垂距Z的选择

本文根据矿山压力的研究成果,阐述底板岩巷和邻近煤层巷道的重要参数—巷道与上部煤层之间的垂直距离Z。分析研究上部煤层采动状况和巷道围岩性质同确定Z值的定量关系,得出了包容选择Z值诸影响因素的关系式,为正确选择底板岩巷与上部煤层间的垂距提供主要依据。     

Monitoring and analysis of nonlinear dynamic damage of transport roadway supported by composite hard rock materials in Linglong Gold Mine

The study concentrates mainly on the development of failure process in composite rock mass. By use of acoustic emission (AE), convergence inspection, pressure monitoring, level measurement techniques and the modern signal analysis technology, as well as scan electron microscopy (SEM) experiment, various aspects of nonlinear dynamic damage of composite rock mass surrounding the transport roadway in Linglong gold mine are discussed. According to the monitoring results, the stability of the rock mass can be synthetically evaluated, and the intrinsic relation between the damage and the characteristic parameters of acoustic emission can bedetermined. The location of the damage of rock mass can also be detected based on the acoustic emission couple monitoring signals.Finally, the key factors which influence the stability of the transport roadway supported by composite hard rock materials are foundo out.     

乙醇—水双效精馏模拟研究

用ＣＨＥＭＣＡＤ软件模拟了ＦＳ流型和ＨＳ流型．分别改变进料分配比、进料浓度的情况下,保持塔顶产品浓度为８４ ％ （ｍｏｌ） ,塔釜浓度为恒量．模拟得出ＦＳ流型和ＨＳ流型的能耗,与单塔比较得出不同的节能率,并对ＦＳ流型和ＨＳ流型做了进一步比较．通过研究提出了双效精馏的最佳进料分配比．模拟表明不同进料组成,其最佳进料分配比不同,且随着进料浓度提高,最佳进料分配比下降．     

Determining the rational layout parameters of the lateral high drainage roadway serving for two adjacent working faces

To determine the rational layout parameters of the lateral high drainage roadway(LHDR) serving for two adjacent working faces, a mechanical model of the LHDR under mining influence was established, and the overburden fissure, mining-induced stress distribution rules were analyzed. First, the development characteristics of mining-induced overburden fissure and the stress distribution law of the upper section of the working face were analyzed. Second, by analyzing the distribution law of vertical stress at different layers, the lateral distance of the LHDR was determined as 25 m. Third, by analyzing the surrounding rock deformation effect, stress distribution law, and overburden fissure distribution law of the LHDR at the heights of 20, 25, and 30 m away from the roof, the rational horizon of the LHDR was determined to be 25 m. Finally, an example of a LHDR located 25 m above the roof of the No. 2 coal seam and 25 m away from the No. 2-603 working face was presented. Results show that when the No. 2-603 coalface is being mined, the surrounding rocks lag 80 m or even further and the working face tends to be stable. The relative deformations of the roof and floor of the roadway and both of its walls were 583 and 450 mm,respectively. The reduction rate of the roadway section was 21.52%–25.32%. The section of the roadway was sufficient to extract the pressure relief gas in the overburden of the No. 2-605 working face. The average gas concentration and the pure volume at the branch pipeline were 24.8% and 22.3 m~3/min,respectively, showing that the position of high-level boreholes was reasonable.     

古汉山煤矿软岩巷道底臌原因分析及防治措施

通过对处于软弱破碎带及构造应力集中区之中的古汉山煤矿井底车场巷道的长期观测研究 ,提出了软岩巷道底臌的形式 ,并结合该矿实际情况 ,分析了底臌形成的原因 ,提出了防治底臌的措施 ,有效地解决了巷道中底臌事故 .     

煤岩体中弹性比能分布的有限元计算分析

冲击地压发生的前提是矿山井巷和采场周围的煤岩体中储存了足够的弹性能．摸清围岩体中弹性能的分布规律是有效地进行冲击地压预测预报的前提，文中探讨了井巷和采场围岩体处于弹塑性变形状态下其弹性比能的计算方法，提出了用有限元法分析计算处于弹塑性变形状态下的煤岩体中弹性比能分布的理论与方法，以及产生冲击地压的弹性能判据．结果表明，蝶层巷道两帮煤体中弹性比能的最大值与采深的平方近似成正比，与其弹性模量近似成反比．对鲁村煤矿2217区段运输平巷的具体条件进行的有限元计算分析表明，该巷道不满足产生冲击地压的条件，与现场实际情况相吻合．     

巷道与上部煤柱边缘间水平距离X的选择

巷道与上部煤柱边缘之间的水平距离X,是底板岩巷和邻近煤层巷道布置的重要参数。本文根据矿山压力的研究成果,阐述了上部煤层采动状况,巷道围岩性质,巷道与上部煤层之间的垂距Z、以及巷道与上部煤柱边缘间水平距离X间的定量关系,为正确选择X值及巷道与上部煤层回采空间的相对位置关系提供了主要依据。     

Assessment of rockburst hazard by quantifying the consequence with plastic strain work and released energy in numerical models

Quantifying the rockburst consequence is of critical importance to reduce the hazards with preventative measures in underground mines and deep tunnels. Contours of energy components within a pillar model are plotted at different rockmass damage stages, and plastic strain work and released energy are proposed as indicators of rockmass damage consequence. One pillar model under different loading stiffness is simulated to assess indicators of pillar burst and the resulting damages. The results show the rockmass damage under soft loading stiffness has larger magnitude of plastic strain work and released energy than that which is under stiff loading stiffness, indicating the rockburst consequence can be quantified with plastic strain work and released energy in numerical models. With the quantified rockburst consequence,preventative measures can be taken to avoid severe hazards to mine safety.     

Numerical simulation study of the failure evolution process and failure mode of surrounding rock in deep soft rock roadways

Based on the safety coefficient method,which assigns rock failure criteria to calculate the rock mass unit,the safety coefficient contour of surrounding rock is plotted to judge the distribution form of the fractured zone in the roadway.This will provide the basis numerical simulation to calculate the surrounding rock fractured zone in a roadway.Using the single factor and multi-factor orthogonal test method,the evolution law of roadway surrounding rock displacements,plastic zone and stress distribution under different conditions is studied.It reveals the roadway surrounding rock burst evolution process,and obtains five kinds of failure modes in deep soft rock roadway.Using the fuzzy mathematics clustering analysis method,the deep soft surrounding rock failure model in Zhujixi mine can be classified and patterns recognized.Compared to the identification results and the results detected by geological radar of surrounding rock loose circle,the reliability of the results of the pattern recognition is verified and lays the foundations for the support design of deep soft rock roadways.     

浅析日照与住宅规划之间的关系

日照对住宅的卫生、取暖和干燥具有重要意义,本文主要探讨住宅朝向、间距及布局的规划对引入日照的影响。     

Molecular dynamics simulations on the relationship between the elastic parameters and the molecular structures of nano-hybrid POSS materials

In the field of macromolecules,traditional techniquessynthesize all kinds of macromolecule materials followingchemosynthesis rules.Although thousands of macromole-cule materials have been synthesized,only several hun-dred kinds are useful in industry,most…     

基于灰关联分析的物流与对外贸易关系的实证分析

为探析物流与对外贸易的关联性,对2001—2019年我国物流与外贸及内贸的年度数据进行了灰关联实证分析,结果显示:①沿海规模以上港口主要货物吞吐量、总货运周转量以及航空、水路、公路、管道货运周转量与外贸及内贸指标的灰关联值都处于0.65～0.85区间,表明上述指标对外贸及内贸的胁迫作用强度较高; 铁路货运周转量与外贸及内贸指标的灰关联值处于0.35～0.65区间,表明上述指标对外贸及内贸的胁迫作用强度中等; ②外贸及内贸指标对物流的耦合作用强度都较高; ③航空货运在所有的运输方式中对外贸的胁迫作用最强; ④外贸比内贸更容易受物流的影响,其中进口较容易受国内物流影响,而出口则较容易受国际物流影响.上述结果可为相关政府部门制定外贸和物流规划提供良好参考.     

建筑业与建材业发展的互动机理及效应仿真研究

采用系统动力学原理和方法,从投人与产出角度提出了建筑业与建材业发展的动力机制和动力模型.根据我国1992年至2005年建筑业、建材业及宏观经济发展的数据,模拟和预测了我国建筑业、建材业发展现状及发展趋势;改变建筑业投资,模拟并预测其对建筑业、建材业的影响效应.设定金融危机对建筑业和建材业的影响参数,模拟并预测其对建筑业和建材业的影响程度;在此基础上,设定建筑业增加3万多亿投资的参数,模拟金融危机情形下增加建筑业投资对建筑业和建材业的拉动效应.研究结果表明,建筑业与建材业发展互动影响效应明显;在金融危机的情形下,对建筑业增加投资,能有效促进建筑业及建材业等关联产业的持续增长,促进GDP的持续上涨.     

简析顾桥矿东风井土工基本参数与冻结粘土单轴抗压强度之间的关系

冻结法施工技术因其适合地质条件复杂地段的施工,在国内外广泛用于城市建设和煤矿建设中。本文以顾桥煤矿为例,通过实验简析冻结粘土的单轴抗压强度与土工基本参数之间的关系,发现其中的规律。顾桥煤矿东风井穿越超过400m的深厚表土层需要采用冻结法施工,实验表明：含水率在23．4％时,冻结粘土的单轴抗压强度达到最大值;塑性指数大于23时,冻结粘土单轴抗压强度变得越来越小,为施工中的关键土层,对其采用低温冻结才是提高其强度的关键途径;当塑性指数小于23时,冻结粘土的单轴抗压强度满足工程要求。实验结果为两淮地区类似地层施工具有指导意义。