油酰肌氨酸和椰子油醇聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯在矿物表面的吸附研究

试验研究了捕收剂用量，pH及抑制剂对捕收剂油酰肌氨酸（OSS）和椰子油醇聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯（AEP）以及油酰肌氨酸（OSS）和椰子油醇聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯（AEP）组成的混合药剂（MD）在磷灰石和菱铁矿单矿物表面吸附特性的影响。     

SDS与AEP的复配体系下天然气水合物生成分析

在天然气水合物储运技术的运用中,添加表面活性剂是一种被广泛应用的高效促进水合物形成的方法,其中表面活性剂的复配体系对天然气水合物生成的促进影响也是一个重要的研究方向。针对天然气水合物的大量快速制备,在初始压力7 MPa和2℃恒温条件下采用不同质量浓度的十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）和脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯（AEP）进行复配,观察不同质量浓度的复配体系对天然气水合物生成速率以及吸气量的影响。结果表明：在AEP溶液中,最终吸气量随着溶液质量浓度的增加而增加;但是由于壁垒效应的存在,阻碍了气体进一步溶解进入溶液中,延缓了水合物的生成,使得AEP溶液中水合物的生长速率与最终吸气量要低于SDS溶液;在SDS与AEP共同作用下,复配体系下水合物的生成速率与吸气量要大于单一体系下水合物的生成速率与吸气量。     

长链脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚丙酸盐的合成与性能

以脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、丙烯酸甲酯、氢氧化钠为主要原料,经过加成、皂化反应,合成脂肪醇醚丙酸盐(AEP)。采用IR、质谱对产物结构进行了表征,证明所得产物即为目标产物。测定了AEP的相关性能,结果表明,C12AEP在25℃时,CMC和γCMC分别为0.236 mmol/L和26.63 mN/m;采用稳态荧光法以芘(Py)为荧光探针,测定C12AEP的胶束栅栏层的微极性,较一般表面活性剂小;AEP与甜菜碱(B)复配体系界面张力受硬度、盐度及复配比例的影响较大,C18AEP与甜菜碱(B)复配体系可达到3.98×10-3mN/m的超低界面张力,可适用于石油的三次开采。     

羟基磷灰石的表面特性

本文综述了羟基磷灰石（ＨＡＰ）的表面结构、表面能、表面电荷等特性，总结了ＨＡＰ对无机阴、阳离子，短链有机物，聚合物的作用规律及其对ＨＡＰ晶体生长和形态的影响，并进一步概括了ＨＡＰ在悬浮体系中的团聚和解聚现象，以及这种现象的形成原因。     

天然菱铁矿在热处理过程中的结构变化

研究了空气氛围中热处理天然菱铁矿在不同煅烧温度、时间的结构演化规律。结果表明:当煅烧温度达到约430℃时,矿石中的亚铁离子被轻微氧化,随即释放少量CO_2,此时菱铁矿矿石表面逐渐出现多孔结构状态,孔径为几个纳米,呈现形态为不规则的串珠状;当煅烧温度达到460℃时,开始大量释放CO_2并逐渐相转变为赤铁矿,并在595℃时完全相转变。400~600℃的煅烧产物比表面积和孔结构随着煅烧温度、时间的变化有较为明显的差异。其中470℃煅烧产物由于大量脱去CO_2,菱铁矿颗粒内部出现大量1~5 nm的介孔,最大比表面积为57.5 m2/g;随着煅烧温度增高、时间延长,赤铁矿晶粒逐渐变大,其晶粒间空隙孔径变大、数量减少,比表面积逐渐降低。天然菱铁矿可以在450~500℃空气氛围中快速热分解获得高比表面积纳米孔材料。     

TiO2与TiO2—SiO2薄膜的表面性质及生物活性研究

采用溶胶－凝胶法在医用NiTi形状记忆合金表面制备了TiO2与TiO2-SiO2薄膜,用X射线（XRD）,红外光谱（FT－IR）,X射线光电子能谱（XPS）和原子力显微镜（AFM）对薄膜的表面组成,结构与形貌进行了研究,将表面涂有薄膜的试样浸入模拟体液（SBF）,用XPS分析Ca,P在薄膜表面的沉积情况,结果表明：TiO2-SiO2人有比TiO2膜更高的生物活性,主要原因是TiO2-SiO2薄膜表面存在较多的羟基基团,在模拟体液中诱导磷灰石沉积的能力较高,此外,薄膜的表面形貌对其生物活性也有一定的影响。     

羟基磷灰石分解和恢复的研究

以羟基磷灰石（HA）为研究对象，研究了其在加热过程中相的分解以及冷却过程和不同气氛的后期热处理对HA相恢复的作用。结果显示：当温度从800℃升高至1200℃，伴随着结晶程度的升高，HA逐渐脱去羟基并转变成缺氧羟基磷灰石（OHA），大约在1200℃左右，缺氧羟基磷灰石发生分解，分解相为磷酸四钙（TTCP）和磷酸三钙（TCP）。慢冷和后期湿气热处理有利于分解相的恢复。在二氧化碳气氛中进行后期热处理时，碳酸根能进入到HA的晶格中，形成以A型替代为主的碳酸羟基磷灰石。     

微乳法制备纳米羟基磷灰石

本文以阳离子表面活性剂CTAB（十六烷基三甲基溴化胺）为模板剂,在反微乳体系中制备出了羟基磷灰石纳米晶粒,并通过红外光谱对其进行了结构表征。另外,通过改变水与表面活性剂的浓度比值,发现对产物羟基磷灰石纳米晶粒的粒度控制有着重要的影响。     

鲕状高磷赤铁矿超细粉的气基还原实验研究

使用新开发装置对高磷赤铁矿超细粉进行气基还原实验研究.该矿中P主要以磷灰石形式嵌布于鲕状赤铁矿和其他脉石颗粒之间,但Fe和P元素未处于化学结合状态.采用超级涡流磨技术将高磷赤铁矿磨成平均粒度为2μm的超细粉,实现Fe和P元素较好的解离.还原实验结果表明,使用新开发的还原装置实现了矿粉的高度还原;粒度对还原结果的影响最显...     

电化学沉积-水热合成法制备羟基磷灰石生物涂层的工艺研究

采用电化学沉积法,在低温条件下从含钙、磷离子的电解水溶液中沉积磷酸钙涂层,经过水热合成获得羟基磷灰石（ＨＡ）涂层．用扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）、Ｘ射线衍射（ＸＲＤ）和红外光谱（ＩＲ）对涂层的组织结构和化学组成进行分析．结果表明：电化学沉积涂层由ＣａＨＰＯ４·２Ｈ２Ｏ,经水热合成后转变为羟基磷灰石．随蒸气温度和压力的升高,羟基磷灰石的含量增加,在适当条件下可获得纯羟基磷灰石涂层．该方法重复性好,是制备羟基磷灰石生物涂层的理想方法之一．     

Separation of Phosphorus and Magnetic Mineral Fines from Siderite Reductive Ore by Applying Magnetic Flocculation

The characteristics of siderite reductive ore and the ultrafine grinding-magnetic flocculation separation (MFS) of this ore were investigated in the present work. The results indicated that the iron phase in the raw ore was predominantly metallic iron with an iron particle size below 30 μm, and the phosphorus compound was apatite. By applying MFS to siderite reductive ore containing 37.14% Fe and 0.52 P, a concentrate assaying 66.37% Fe and 0.19 P with 74.32% recovery was produced. The iron recovery increased by 5.77% compared with the results of the conventional magnetic separation. The high efficiency in phosphorus removal and iron recovery achieved by the MFS process may be attributed to the adequate liberation of iron particles and the increase in magnetic force on the iron mineral fines in the form of flocs in a magnetic field.     

Identification of iron compounds in clay-containing materials

The discrete thermomagnetic analysis allows identification of the mineral composition of free iron compounds: goethite and hematite (as a consequence of heating in a reducing medium), iron carbonate and siderite (as a consequence of heating in an oxidizing medium). Informative new criteria are used: the reducing and the oxidizing capacity of free iron compounds. A classification of clay-containing materials used in the ceramic industry is proposed consisting of three groups graded according to the reducing capacity of free iron compounds. Translated from Steklo i Keramika, No. 2, pp. 12 – 15, February, 1999.     

矿物表面金属离子组分与糊精的相互作用（Ⅰ）──糊精在矿物表面的吸附

通过矿物表面糊精吸附量的测定、电动电位测定及在不同ｐＨ值下矿物表面羟基浓度的测定，系统探索了糊精在赤铁矿、金红石、方解石、萤石、重晶石、磷灰石及硅灰石等氧化矿和盐类矿物表面附吸的规律，发现糊精的吸附主要是由于与矿物表面金属羟基化合物发生了程度不同的化学作用。     

Non-invasive Raman identification of crystalline and glassy phases in a 1781 Sèvres Royal Factory soft paste porcelain plate

A Raman study of a Sèvres soft paste (frit) porcelain plate allowed the identification of both the crystalline and amorphous phases. Cristobalite and pseudowollastonite gave main Raman signatures in the body where also tridymite, amorphous alkali silicate glass and lead arsenate apatite were detected. Na_0.4K_0.1Ca_0.5Pb₄(AsO₄)₃ lacunar apatite is identified as opacifier in blue and green overglaze enamel. Pb-Sb-reach pyrochlore (Naples Yellow) pigment was found in yellow and green overglaze enamels. The orange hue is obtained by superposing a hematite bearing red paint stroke over the yellow. These results are compared to those previously obtained by detailed OM, SEM, XRD and XRF analyses. Some of the phases identified by XRD (quartz, tridymite) are hardly detected by Raman and vice versa cristobalite was not found by XRD, most probably due to its low amount.     

Characterization of electrooxidized Pittsburgh No. 8 Coal

A combination of spectroscopy methods (SEM, EDX, XRD, IR, and XPS) was used to study the morphology of Pittsburgh No. 8 Coal after electrolysis in 1.5 M H₂SO₄/100 mM Fe²⁺/100 mM Fe³⁺. The experiments were performed galvanostatically at different operating temperatures (40, 60, and 80 °C) in a continuous coal electrolytic cell. Pt-Ir-Rh plated on carbon fibers was used as anode. The results showed that the activity of the coal appears to increase with the temperature. Deactivation of electrooxidized coal seems to be associated with the formation of products on the surface of the coal. Differences in morphology and mineral composition were found in the coal electrolyzed by using SEM-EDX analysis. The minerals identified in the original coal sample by XRD, FTIR, and XPS were quartz, kaolinite, pyrite, and hematite. After electrooxidation illite and siderite were identified on the surface of coal.     

菱铁矿对砷的吸附解析特性试验研究

砷污染是地下水污染中的严重威胁之一。菱铁矿是砷吸附材料的一种,碳酸亚铁是菱铁矿中的主要成分之一。文章将菱铁矿与Fe2O3作对照,分别进行了静态试验和动态试验,初步探究了时间、温度、pH对砷在菱铁矿中的吸附解析行为的影响。结果表明,Fe2O3的吸附明显比菱铁矿好;pH在2到11范围内变化时,菱铁矿对砷的吸附曲线成M形;温度在20℃到40℃范围内变化时,菱铁矿对砷的吸附没有明显的变化;随着时间的变化,在前8个小时内,菱铁矿对砷的吸附速度较快,8小时之后,吸附曲线趋于平缓,说明最佳吸附时间是8小时。在解析实验中,在0.01 mol/L到0.5 mol/L范围内,随着NaOH浓度的增大,砷的解析率逐渐增大,其中在0.5 mol/L的时候达到最大,为50%。     

难选铁矿流态化磁化焙烧研究进展与发展前景

我国有大量常规选矿方法难以利用的铁矿石资源,实现其利用可增加我国铁矿石资源可利用量,缓解铁矿石供应紧张的局面,提高铁矿石供应安全的保障程度。磁化焙烧-磁选是难选铁矿石利用的重要方法,流态化磁化焙烧是近年来研究的热点。本文综述了磁化焙烧原理、竖炉及回转窑磁化焙烧的技术现状及存在问题,介绍了流化床磁化焙烧发展历史和研发现状,着重总结了低温流态化磁化焙烧在焙烧动力学、过程强化、反应器模拟、关键技术研发及产业化示范方面的研究进展,分析了其在褐铁矿、菱铁矿、赤铁矿及含铁尾渣利用方面的发展前景。     

Characterization of clays used in the ceramic manufacturing industry by reflectance spectroscopy: An experiment in the São Simão ball-clay deposit, Brazil

The characterization of clays from the physical, chemical, and ceramic standpoint in pre-and-within mining stages is a necessary step. However, succinct mining planning, lack of industry-oriented standards and the usual bond to empirical discrimination of clays as regards their use, imply in mixing chemically and technologically different materials, with serious consequences to the mining and manufacturing process. Taking the alluvium-derived, ball-clay deposit of São Simão (SS) as a case study, this works aims to evaluate the potential of reflectance spectroscopy (RS) as a method to define types, purity and crystallinity of clays and to seek a possible relation between spectral characteristics of clays and their use in the ceramic industry. The SS deposit hosts three types of clays that were spectrally set apart based on RS. The technique indicated that the white clays comprise highly ordered kaolinite, mica, smectite and lepidocrosite (first finding in Brazilian alluviums). The brown clays are also rich in well-ordered kaolinite and contain abundant Fe-bearing minerals, as goethite, hematite and siderite (rarely found in alluviums). The gray clays are kaolinite-poor and are abundant in organic matter and smectites. Each of the clay classes typified in the SS deposit has a specific application in the fine ceramic industry, indicating the prominent potential of RS to characterize industrial materials.     

菱铁矿在悬浮状态下的热解动力学

在稀相悬浮状态下采用等温法研究了温度和气氛对菱铁矿热解过程的影响,得到了菱铁矿热解动力学模型及参数. 实验结果表明,尾气中CO的最高峰值比CO2的最高峰值滞后5~10 s. 随温度升高,FeCO3热解速率单调增加,FeO的磁化速率在600~650℃增速较快,于700℃附近出现最大值;随气氛中CO2含量增加,FeCO3热解速率单调下降,而FeO的磁化速率单调上升,两者的变化幅度逐步趋缓,至16% CO2时达最大. 王家滩菱铁矿在悬浮状态下的热解机理为球体收缩模型R3,在热重实验中则表现为反应级数模型F1.